T Allele of the DRD2 Taq1A Gene Polymorphism Increases the Predisposition to Drug Addiction in Indonesia Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viren Ramadhan ◽  
Faisal Rahman ◽  
Ahmad Hamim Sadewa ◽  
Zullies Ikawati
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Control

Background: Dopamine plays an important role in mediating the rewarding properties in the abuse of drugs. The Taq1A polymorphism is a commonly studied DRD2 gene variant whereby carriers of the low-function T allele (T/T or T/C genotypes) show reduced brain dopamine function. Therefore, individuals who have the DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism will experience higher levels of drug addiction because the T allele is associated with a reduced number of dopamine binding sites in the brain. A study of this gene has been conducted in some areas but there is no research for the population of Indonesia. Objective: This study will focus on the frequency of DRD2 Taq1A gene polymorphism in the population of Indonesia and define its association with drug addiction. Method: This is an a-cross sectional study in which 182 subjects are divided into 91 drug-addicted patients and 91 nondrug-addicted control subjects. The genotype analysis was carried out by a modified allele-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: The frequency of the T/T and C/T was significantly higher in the addicted than control subjects. They are 6.6% and 63.7% compared to 0% and 3.3%. Likewise, the T allele is more frequent in the addicted equal to 38% compared to only 2% in the control subjects. The frequency of the T allele between the addicted and control subjects shows a significantly different (p-value < 0.0001; 95% CI), with the addicted being at a higher risk of having the T allele (OR = 37.3; 95% CI [11.46-121.29]). Results: The frequency of the T/T and C/T was significantly higher in the addicted than control subjects. They are 6.6% and 63.7% compared to 0% and 3.3%. Likewise, the T allele is more frequent in the addicted equal to 38% compared to only 2% in the control subjects. The frequency of the T allele between the addicted and control subjects shows a significantly different (p-value < 0.0001; 95% CI), with the addicted being at a higher risk of having the T allele (OR = 37.3; 95% CI [11.46-121.29]). Conclusion: A high frequency of the DRD2 Taq1A gene polymorphism between addicted patients and control subject groups. Thus, there is an association between the DRD2 Taq1A gene polymorphism and the development of drug addiction with T allele increases the predisposition to addiction.

scholarly journals Comparison between Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography Devices in Eyes with High Myopia

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Federico Corvi ◽  
Federico Zicarelli ◽  
Matteo Airaldi ◽  
Salvatore Parrulli ◽  
Mariano Cozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Image Artifact ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Control

Background: To compare four different optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices for visualization of retinal and subretinal layers in highly myopic eyes. Methods: In this prospective, observational, cross-sectional study, consecutive patients with high myopia and control subjects were imaged by four OCT devices: Spectralis OCT2, PlexElite 2.0 100 kHz, PlexElite 2.0 200 kHz and the Canon Xephilio OCT-S1. The acquisition protocol for comparison consisted of single vertical and horizontal line scans centered on the fovea. Comparison between the devices in the extent of visible retina, presence of conjugate image or mirror artifacts, visibility of the sclerochoroidal interface and retrobulbar tissue. Results: 30 eyes with high myopia and 30 control subjects were analyzed. The visualized RPE length was significantly different between the OCT devices with Xephilio OCT-S1 imaging the largest extent (p < 0.0001). The proportion of eyes with conjugate image artifact was significantly higher with the Spectralis OCT (p < 0.0001), and lower with the PlexElite 200 kHz (p < 0.0001). No difference in visibility of the sclerochoroidal interface was noted among instruments. The retrobulbar tissue was visible in a higher proportion of eyes using swept-source PlexElite 100 kHz and 200 kHz (p < 0.007) compared to the other devices. Conclusions: In highly myopic eyes, the four OCT devices demonstrated significant differences in the extent of the retina imaged, in the prevalence of conjugate image artifact, and in the visualization of the retrobulbar tissue.

scholarly journals Assessment on awareness towards preventive measures of COVID-19 in Sheka, Southwestern Ethiopia: Community based cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaye Belay Gelaw ◽  
Solomon Abebaw Andargie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and it is the most important of public health problem worldwide. A critical element in tackling the COVID-19 crisis is personal behavioral change; however, there is a paucity of evidence about peoples’ awareness towards COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, the aim of this was to assess the community’s awareness status towards COVID-19 in Sheka, Southwestern Ethiopia.Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted 10th to 21th April 2020. Four hundred-nineteen individuals participated during the study. Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant factors of awareness status, and variables with p-value<0.05 indicated it significantly influences the awareness status of the individuals towards COVID-19.Results: According to the study’s results, nearly half (49.4 %) of the participants had awareness about COVID-19 pandemic. Factors such being female equal (AOR: 0.476, 95%CI: 0.293, 0.772),education being secondary and above(AOR:2.178,95%CI:1.323,3.586),and prevention methods being fully used (AOR,8.127,95%CI: 1.273, 51.871)were significantly influencing the awareness status of the community towards COVID-19 pandemic than their counterparts.Conclusion: The study showed that there is a low awareness status among people towards COVID-19.Hence, programs to improve awareness towards COVID-19 pandemic is essential to prevent and control the pandemic.

scholarly journals Trimethylamine N-oxide and the reverse cholesterol transport in cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bordoni ◽  
Joanna J. Samulak ◽  
Angelika K. Sawicka ◽  
Iwona Pelikant-Malecka ◽  
Adrianna Radulska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
And Control

Abstract The early atherosclerotic lesions develop by the accumulation of arterial foam cells derived mainly from cholesterol-loaded macrophages. Therefore, cholesterol and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) have been considered as causative in atherosclerosis. Moreover, recent studies indicate the role of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The current study aimed to investigate the association between TMAO and CETP polymorphisms (rs12720922 and rs247616), previously identified as a genetic determinant of circulating CETP, in a population of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients (n = 394) and control subjects (n = 153). We also considered age, sex, trimethylamine (TMA) levels and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as other factors that can potentially play a role in this complex picture. We found no association of TMAO with genetically determined CETP in a population of CAD patients and control subjects. Moreover, we noticed no differences between CAD patients and control subjects in plasma TMAO levels. On the contrary, lower levels of TMA in CAD patients respect to controls were observed. Our results indicated a significant correlation between GFR and TMAO, but not TMA. The debate whether TMAO can be a harmful, diagnostic or protective marker in CVD needs to be continued.

scholarly journals Malaria Detection using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Method in Pregnant Women’s Saliva on Several Hospitals in North Sulawesi Province

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewanto Khrisnamurti
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objective: To detect malaria by PCR examination of saliva in pregnant women and to obtain the incidence of malaria and the type of plasmodium causing malaria in pregnant women at various hospital in North Sulawesi. Method: A descriptive cross sectional study in pregnant women during antenatal care at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine University of Sam Ratulangi/Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou General Hospital in Manado, R.W. Monginsidi Hospital in Manado, Bethesda Hospital in Tomohon, and Datoe Binangkang Hospital in Kotamobagu, from 1 April until 31 May 2008. Result: There were 43 pregnant women clinically diagnosed with malaria, 23 (53.49%) by PCR examination of saliva and 20 (46.59%) by blood smears. From 23 cases of malaria in pregnancy detected by PCR, there were 18 diagnosed as tropical malaria, 3 tertian malaria, and 2 mixed malaria. Conclusions: The incidence of malaria in pregnancy at various hospital in North Sulawesi using PCR methods for saliva examination from April 1 - May 31 2008 is 53.49%. In this study malaria are mostly caused by Plasmodium falciparum with the largest incidence in primigravida, in the first trimester. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 36-1:14-9] Keywords: malaria, PCR, pregnancy, saliva

scholarly journals РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ КИШЕЧНЫХ ПАРАЗИТОЗОВ У ВИЧ-ПОЗИТИВНЫХ ПАЦИЕНТОВ

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Шагинян В. Р. ◽  
Данько О. П. ◽  
Антоняк С. Н. ◽  
Казека В. Г. ◽  
Федоренко С. В.
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Living With Hiv

A cross-sectional study among people living with HIV (PLHIV), who are naive and who are on antiretroviral treatment (ART) was conducted in Kyiv, Ukraine from January 2017 to June 2019. In 200 samples of feces from PLHIV were detection intestinal parasites and helminthes. Also in all patients was measure of CD4 T cells by flow cytometry technique and the viral load of HIV (HIV VL) by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction, sensitivity of test – 40 copies HIV RNA / ml. The study shows high prevalence of intestinal parasitic in population of PLHIV – 30,0%. The most prevalent parasites were Cryptosporidium (10,5%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1,5%), G. lamblia (0,5%). Opportunistic protozoans (B. Hominis) were found in 15.5% of PLHIV. Among PLHIV with intestinal parasites severe immunosuppression (< 200 CD4 cells/ml) were more common (66.7%) than among PLHIV without intestinal parasites (45.7%); patients with undetectable HIV VL (35.0%), patients receiving ART for more than 6 months (28.3%) were less common (55.7% and 54.3% respectively). In all cases P value was less than 0.05. Our data show that detection even opportunistic intestinal protozoans in PLHIV can be used as a marker of immune suppression and HIV replication activity, and confirms the importance of parasitological surveillance in this group of patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Rubella Immunity among Women Seeking Antenatal Care in a Tertiary Institution, South-South, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
J. E. Egbagba ◽  
A. O. Abdu ◽  
N. Osegi ◽  
S. C. Amadi ◽  
M. A. Alex-Wele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
And Control

Aims: To determine rubella sero-prevalence (IgG, IgM) and to describe its relation to socio-demographic data among pregnant women in a tertiary institution in Yenagoa, Bayelsa state, South-South, Nigeria. Study Design:  This was a descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre in Yenegoa, Bayelsa State, in South-South Nigeria between May 2020 and August 2020. Methodology: We included 398 women at various stages of pregnancy. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain socio demographic data. Ten ml of venous blood was then collected for serological assays.  Analyses of samples were done using an in-vitro on-site rubella IgG/IgM rapid diagnostic assay. P value were kept at 0.05. Results: A total of 209 (53.0%) of the 398 women had a positive IgG antibodies. None (0.0%) of the women had positive IgM antibodies. There were no significant associations between respondents socio-demographic characteristics and rubella immunity as the probability values observed were greater than 0.05 (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our study shows a moderately high sero-prevalence of IgG antibodies amongst the participants studied. This indicates that rubella infection is endemic in Nigeria and requires further surveillance and control.

scholarly journals Epidemiology, Incidence and Trend of Injuries in Iran: A National Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Akbari ◽  
Mehrdad Mahdian ◽  
Masoud Motalebi ◽  
Fatemeh Sadat Asgarian
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Epidemiological Pattern ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Injuries are one of the well-known leading causes of disability and mortality in all societies. This study aims to determine the incidence and trend of injuries and their epidemiologic characteristics in Iran.Methods: In a cross sectional study, injuries fatality data from 2006 to 2016 were obtained from the registry of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (Iran) and analyzed to determine the epidemiological pattern of injuries. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Excel and statistical package of SPSS version 22 were used for data analysis. The P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The highest incidence of injuries was related to traffic injuries with 546.4 per 100000 populations, followed by trauma and falls from heights with 497.7 and 195.2 per 100000 population, respectively. The highest incidence of traffic injuries in Iran had occurred in the year 2011 with 628.1 per 100000 population.Conclusion: Regarding the high incidence of injuries, especially traffic crashes, traumas and falls the priorities for close monitoring of these injuries during the high-risk periods in order to decrease and control of the rate of the injuries strongly felt.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an Antibody-Based Test for the Diagnosis of Chikungunya Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Mohammad Tanvir Islam ◽  
Afzalun Nessa ◽  
Sharmin Sultana ◽  
Mohammad Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Ferdous Ur Rahaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Medical University

Background: The diagnosis of chikungunya is confusing due to similar clinical presentations of different viral illnesses. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of an antibody-based test for the diagnosis of chikungunya infection Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Internal Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from July to September 2017 when an outbreak of chikungunya occurred in Bangladesh. Chikungunya patients were evaluated by the IgM antibody test by immunochromatographic method (ICT) during both the early phase and the convalescent-phase. The sensitivity and specificity of the IgM antibody test were estimated considering the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method as the gold standard. Result: The sensitivity and specificity of the IgM antibody test in the acute phase were 2.7 percent and 79.5 percent, respectively. In contrast, in the convalescence phase, sensitivity and specificity were 86.5 percent and 33.3 percent. Conclusion: Antibody-based testing was found not suitable for detecting chikungunya infection during the acute phase of the illness. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2020;7(2): 68-72

scholarly journals UNDETECTED HEPATITIS-C VIRUS INFECTION IN HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: IMPORTANCE OF PCR HCV RNA AND ELIZA METHOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 182-185
Author(s):  
Yasir Hussain ◽  
Roshina Anjum ◽  
Nazish Munawar ◽  
Zahra Fatima ◽  
Saba Naz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acute Kidney Disease ◽  
Pcr Method

Haemodialysis (HD) is one of the most common type of renal replacement therapy (RRT) used for end stage kidney disease (ESKD). Hepatitis-C is the most frequent infection in haemodialysis. Early detection of this viral infection can lead to early treatment, lesser morbidity and mortality. PCR test is being used instead of Elisa in centres where HCV infection is more prevalent as PCR for HCV RNA is considered more reliable than Eliza in haemodialysis patients. Objective: To assess the accuracy of Eliza and PCR method for the detection of Hepatitis-C viral infection in haemodialysis patients. Study design: Cross-sectional Study. Settings: Dialysis centre of DHQ hospital Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan in January 2018. Materials and Methods: All patients who were on maintenance haemodialysis for more than six months were included in the study. Patients with acute kidney disease and on dialysis less than six months were excluded. All patients were tested by enzymes linked immune-sorbent essay (ELIZA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for HCV status. Results: Out of 152 haemodialysis patients tested, 94 (61.84%) cases were positive by both ELIZA and PCR methods while 6 (3.94%) cases with negative ELIZA were PCR positive. Number of dialysis, blood transfusions and serology were important risk factors with significant p value. (<0.05) Conclusion: In centres where Hepatitis-C is more prevalent, PCR for HCV RNA should be preferred over ELIZA method for early detection of HCV viral infection.

scholarly journals Clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia treated with corticosteroids and colchicine in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Alejandro Pinzón ◽  
Doris Cardona Arango ◽  
Juan Felipe Betancur ◽  
Santiago Ortiz ◽  
Héctor Holguín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oxygen Fraction ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Inspired Oxygen ◽  
Specific Antiviral Therapy

Abstract Background To date, there is no specific antiviral therapy for severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Since there is no specific therapy against SARS-CoV2, current efforts aim to prevent contagion through public health measures and develop a protective vaccine. While waiting for the latter, it is necessary to evaluate the drugs that at least, in initial studies, suggested some degree of utility in the management of Covid-19 or its complications. The main objective of the study was to describe the clinical manifestations and outcomes of patients with severe Covid-19 Pneumonia treated with corticosteroids and colchicine. Materials and methods A cross sectional study of 301 adult patients with Covid-19 Pneumonia confirmed by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for SARS-CoV2 (RT-PCR SARS-CoV2), Berlin protocol, who required hospitalization in three hospitals in Antioquia, Colombia. Patients were treated according to the institutional protocol (from March 20, 2020 to June 30, 2020) with corticosteroid if the patient required supplemental oxygen. From July 1, 2020, the management protocol changed with the addition of colchicine to all patients admitted to the institutions. The treatment was supervised and monitored by the same specialist in Infectology of the institutions. We describe the clinical manifestations and outcomes of the patients who received these treatments. The information of the patients was analyzed according to the outcome of interest (alive/dead) with univariate, bivariate, and multivariate measures to adjust the variables that presented statistical association. Results All patients had pneumonia documented by chest computed tomography with ground glass images and presented an alveolar pressure/inspired oxygen fraction (PaFi) less than 300. Three hundred one patients were included, 240 (79.7%) received corticosteroids, within these 145 (48.2%) received colchicine also, and the remaining 61 (20.3%) patients did not receive corticosterioids or colchicine. Mortality in the group that received colchicine was lower compared to the group that did not receive it (9.6 vs 14.6%, p-value = 0.179). Conclusions Treatment with corticosteroids and colchicine for managing patients with severe Covid-19 Pneumonia was associated with low mortality at the hospital level. Randomized, placebo-controlled studies are required to evaluate the effect of corticosteroids and colchicine on complications or death from Covid-19.

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