Obesity is positively related and tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption are negatively related to an increased risk of thyroid cancer

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships of smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity with thyroid cancer in Korean residents. The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort includes individuals ≥ 40 years who were assessed from 2002 to 2013. In total, 4977 thyroid cancer participants were matched with respect to age, sex, income, and region of residence with 19,908 controls at a ratio of 1:4. Crude and adjusted (for the Charlson comorbidity index, smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, and obesity) odds ratios (ORs) were analyzed using conditional logistic regression analyses. Additionally, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The adjusted OR of smoking for thyroid cancer was 0.62 (95% CI 0.54–0.72, P < 0.001), and that of alcohol consumption was 0.83 (95% CI 0.75–0.92, P < 0.001). The adjusted ORs of the BMI categories were 1.13 (95% CI 1.05–1.22, P = 0.002) for obese I, and 1.24 (95% CI 1.04–1.47, P = 0.014) for obese II. The ORs of smoking and alcohol consumption were lower, and those of overweight and obesity were higher in thyroid cancer patients than in individuals in the control group.

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Increased risk of sialolithiasis in smokers: A nested case-control study using a national health screening

10.21203/rs.2.20833/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Young Ju Jin ◽

Young Eun Han ◽

Hyo Geun Choi

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

National Health ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Income Group ◽

Health Screening ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Region Of Residence ◽

Group Sex

Abstract ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships among tobacco smoking, drinking alcohol, obesity and sialolithiasis in a Korean population.MethodsThe Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort, which includes patients ≥ 40 years old, was assessed from 2002 to 2013. 947 sialolithiasis participants were matched with 3,788 control subjects at a ratio of 1:4 with respect to age group, sex, income group, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. We analyzed participants’ previous histories of smoking (current or past smokers compared to nonsmokers) and alcohol consumption (≥ 1 time per week compared to < 1 time per week) in the sialolithiasis and control groups. Obesity was measured using body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), which was categorized as < 18.5 (underweight), ≥ 18.5 and < 23 (normal), ≥ 23 and < 25 (overweight), ≥ 25 and < 30 (obese I), and ≥ 30 (obese II). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe rate of smoking was higher in the sialolithiasis group (32.4% [307/947]) than in the control group (29.1% [1,103/3,788], P = 0.047). The adjusted OR of smoking for sialolithiasis was 1.31 (95% CI = 1.08-1.59, P = 0.006). Alcohol consumption and obesity were not statistically significantly related to sialolithiasis.ConclusionThe odds of smoking were increased in sialolithiasis patients compared with the control subjects in ≥ 40 years old population.

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Role of CASP7 polymorphisms in noise-induced hearing loss risk in Han Chinese population

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18292/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yanmei Ruan ◽

Jinwei Zhang ◽

Shiqi Mai ◽

Wenfeng Zeng ◽

Lili Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Auditory System ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Control Group ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽

Hearing Thresholds ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Chinese Workers

Abstract Background: Genetic factors and gene-environment interaction may play an important role in the development of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). This study explored the relationship between the SNP of CASP genes and the NIHL susceptibility of Chinese workers exposed to occupational noise.Methods: 191 cases and 191 controls were selected by 1:1 case control study. Among them, case groups were screened from workers exposed to noise at binaural high-frequency hearing thresholds greater than 25 dB (A). The control group selected workers with hearing thresholds≤25 dB (A) in any binaural frequency band based on matching factors such as age, exposure time to noise, and operating position. The blood samples of two groups of workers were subjected to DNA extraction and SNP sequencing of CASP3 and CASP7 genes using the polymerase chain reaction - ligase detection reaction method. Conditional logistic regression correction was used to analyze genetic variation associated with susceptibility to NIHL. Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.Results: There was an association between rs2227310 and rs4353229 of the CASP7 gene and the risk of NIHL. Compared with the GG genotype, the CC genotype of rs2227310 reduced the risk of NIHL (OR = 0.453, 95% CI = 0.241 ~ 0.852). Compared with CC genotype, the TT genotype of rs4353229 reduced the risk of NIHL (OR = 0.458, 95% CI = 0.243 ~ 0.862). Workers carrying the rs2227310GG and rs4353229CC genotype had an increased risk of NIHL compared to workers without any high-risk genotype (OR = 1.839, 95% CI = 1.033 ~ 3.274). The CASP7 gene interacted with factors such as age, smoking status, dietary taste, and conscious auditory system symptoms on the risk of NIHL (P <0.05).Conclusions: The single nucleotide polymorphism of CASP7 gene interacts with factors such as age, frequency of smoking, dietary taste, and conscious auditory system symptoms on the risk of NIHL.

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Analyses of the association between sialolithiasis and smoking, alcohol drinking and obesity: A nested case-control study using national health screening in Korean adults

10.21203/rs.2.20833/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Young Ju Jin ◽

Young Eun Han ◽

Hyo Geun Choi

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

National Health ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Income Group ◽

Health Screening ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Region Of Residence ◽

Social Habits ◽

Group Sex

Abstract Background: Smoking and alcohol consumption are the most common social habits in patients with sialolithiasis. Moreover, obesity has been reported to have a significant association with poor oral hygiene, one of the causes of sialolithiasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships among tobacco smoking, drinking alcohol, obesity and sialolithiasis in a Korean population. Methods: The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort, which includes patients ≥ 40 years old, was assessed from 2002 to 2013. A total of 947 sialolithiasis participants were matched with 3,788 control subjects at a ratio of 1:4 with respect to age group, sex, income group, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. We analyzed the participants’ previous histories of smoking (current or past smokers compared to nonsmokers) and alcohol consumption (≥ 1 time per week compared to < 1 time per week) in the sialolithiasis and control groups. Obesity was measured using body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2 ), which was categorized as < 18.5 (underweight), ≥ 18.5 and < 23 (normal), ≥ 23 and < 25 (overweight), ≥ 25 and < 30 (obese I), and ≥ 30 (obese II). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression analyses. Results: The rate of smoking was higher in the sialolithiasis group (32.4% [307/947]) than in the control group (29.1% [1,103/3,788], P = 0.047). The adjusted OR of smoking for the sialolithiasis group was 1.31 (95% CI = 1.08-1.59, P = 0.006). Alcohol consumption and obesity were not statistically significantly related to sialolithiasis. Conclusion: The odds of smoking were increased in sialolithiasis patients compared with control subjects in the population ≥ 40 years of age.

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The association between sialolithiasis and smoking, alcohol drinking and obesity in Korea: A nested case-control study

10.21203/rs.2.20833/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Young Ju Jin ◽

Young Eun Han ◽

Hyo Geun Choi

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Income Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Region Of Residence ◽

Social Habits ◽

Group Sex ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: Smoking and alcohol consumption are the most common social habits in patients with sialolithiasis. Moreover, obesity has been reported to have a significant association with poor oral hygiene, one of the causes of sialolithiasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships among tobacco smoking, drinking alcohol, obesity and sialolithiasis in a Korean population.Methods: The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort, which includes patients ≥ 40 years old, was assessed from 2002 to 2013. A total of 947 sialolithiasis participants were matched with 3,788 control subjects at a ratio of 1:4 with respect to age group, sex, income group, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. We analyzed the participants’ previous histories of smoking (current or past smokers compared to nonsmokers) and alcohol consumption (≥ 1 time per week compared to < 1 time per week) in the sialolithiasis and control groups. Obesity was measured using body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), which was categorized as < 18.5 (underweight), ≥ 18.5 and < 23 (normal), ≥ 23 and < 25 (overweight), ≥ 25 and < 30 (obese I), and ≥ 30 (obese II). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression analyses.Results: The rate of smoking was higher in the sialolithiasis group (32.4% [307/947]) than in the control group (29.1% [1,103/3,788], P = 0.047). The adjusted OR of smoking for the sialolithiasis group was 1.31 (95% CI = 1.08-1.59, P = 0.006). Alcohol consumption and obesity were not statistically significantly related to sialolithiasis.Conclusion: The odds of smoking were increased in sialolithiasis patients compared with control subjects in the population ≥ 40 years of age.

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Analyses of the Relation between BPPV and Thyroid Diseases: A Nested Case-Control Study

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11020329 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 329

Author(s):

Hyo Geun Choi ◽

Young Shin Song ◽

Jee Hye Wee ◽

Chanyang Min ◽

Dae Myoung Yoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Control Group ◽

Thyroid Disorders ◽

Region Of Residence ◽

Korean National Health Insurance ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

And Control ◽

Control Study ◽

Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Background: This study investigated relationship between multiple thyroid disorders and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), adjusting for levothyroxine medication. Methods: The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort data from 2002 to 2015 were used. A total of 19,071 patients with BPPV were matched with 76,284 participants of a control group in a ratio of 1:4 for age, sex, income, and region of residence. The previous histories of thyroid disorders such as goiter, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune thyroiditis were investigated in both the BPPV and control groups. The odds ratios (ORs) for BPPV in thyroid diseases were calculated using conditional logistic regression analyses. Results: The histories of goiter (5.5% vs. 4.1%), hypothyroidism (4.7% vs. 3.7%), thyroiditis (2.1% vs. 1.6%), and hyperthyroidism (3.1% vs. 2.5%) were higher in the BPPV group than in the control group (all p < 0.001). Goiter, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and hyperthyroidism were associated with BPPV (adjusted OR = 1.28 (95% CI = 1.17–1.39) for goiter, 1.23 (95% CI = 1.10–1.37) for hypothyroidism, 1.13 (95% CI = 1.02–1.26) for hyperthyroidism, each p < 0.05). Conclusions: BPPV was associated with thyroid disorders such as goiter, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and hyperthyroidism.

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Relationship of Hydroxychloroquine and Ophthalmic Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Taiwan

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18158154 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 8154

Author(s):

Hung-Chih Chen ◽

Hung-Yu Lin ◽

Michael Chia-Yen Chou ◽

Yu-Hsun Wang ◽

Pui-Ying Leong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Research Database ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Increased Risk

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) via the national health insurance research database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. All patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (n = 47,353) in the NHIRD (2000–2012) were enrolled in the study. The case group consists of participants with diabetic ophthalmic complications; 1:1 matching by age (±1 year old), sex, and diagnosis year of diabetes was used to provide an index date for the control group that corresponded to the case group (n = 5550). Chi-square test for categorical variables and Student’s t-test for continuous variables were used. Conditional logistic regression was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of DR. The total number of HCQ user was 99 patients (1.8%) in the case group and 93 patients (1.7%) in the control group. Patients with hypertension (aOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.11–1.31) and hyperlipidemia (aOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.52–1.79) significantly increased the risk of diabetic ophthalmic complications (p < 0.001). Conversely, the use of HCQ and the presence of rheumatoid diseases did not show any significance in increased risk of DR. HCQ prescription can improve systemic glycemic profile, but it does not decrease the risk of diabetic ophthalmic complications.

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Role of CASP7 polymorphisms in noise-induced hearing loss risk in Han Chinese population

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81391-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yanmei Ruan ◽

Jinwei Zhang ◽

Shiqi Mai ◽

Wenfeng Zeng ◽

Lili Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Han Chinese ◽

Control Group ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽

Han Chinese Population ◽

Hearing Thresholds ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractGenetic factors and gene-environment interaction may play an important role in the development of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). 191 cases and 191 controls were selected by case–control study. Among them, case groups were screened from workers exposed to noise in binaural high-frequency hearing thresholds greater than 25 dB (A). Workers with hearing thresholds ≤ 25 dB (A) in any binaural frequency band were selected to the control group, based on matching factors such as age, exposure time to noise, and operating position. The blood samples from two groups of workers were subjected to DNA extraction and SNP sequencing of CASP3 and CASP7 genes using the polymerase chain reaction ligase detection reaction method. Conditional logistic regression correction was used to analyze the genetic variation associated with susceptibility to NIHL. There was an association between rs2227310 and rs4353229 of the CASP7 gene and the risk of NIHL. Compared with the GG genotype, the CC genotype of rs2227310 reduced the risk of NIHL. Compared with CC genotype, the TT genotype of rs4353229 reduced the risk of NIHL. Workers carrying the rs2227310GG and rs4353229CC genotype had an increased risk of NIHL compared to workers without any high-risk genotype. There were additive interaction and multiplication interaction between CASP7rs2227310 and CNE, and the same interaction between CASP7rs4353229 and CNE. The interaction between the CASP7 gene and CNE significantly increased the risk of NIHL. The genetic polymorphisms of CASP7rs2227310GG and CASP7rs4353229CC were associated with an increased risk of NIHL in Han Chinese population and have the potential to act as biomarkers for noise-exposed workers.

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Anti-seizure medication is not associated with an increased risk to develop cancer in epilepsy patients

Journal of Neurology ◽

10.1007/s00415-020-10379-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jenny Stritzelberger ◽

Johannes D. Lang ◽

Tamara M. Mueller ◽

Caroline Reindl ◽

Vivien Westermayer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Index Date ◽

Control Group ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Promoting Effect ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Comorbidity Index ◽

Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽

Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Objective Whether anti-seizure medication (ASM) increases the risk for cancer has been debated for decades. While for some ASM, a carcinoma-promoting effect has been suspected, carcinoma-protective effects have been shown for other ASM. However, the issue remains unresolved as data from preclinical and clinical studies have been inconsistent and contradictory. Methods We collected anonymous patient data from practice neurologists throughout Germany between 2009 and 2018 using the IMS Disease Analyzer database (QuintilesIMS, Frankfurt, Germany). People with epilepsy (PWE) with an initial cancer diagnosis and antiepileptic therapy prior to the index date were 1:1 matched with a control group of PWE without cancer according to age, gender, index year, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and treating physician. For both groups, the risk to develop cancer under treatment with different ASMs was analyzed using three different models (ever use vs. never use (I), effect per one (II) and per five therapy years (III). Results A total of 3152 PWE were included (each group, n = 1,576; age = 67.3 ± 14.0 years). The risk to develop cancer was not significantly elevated for any ASM. Carbamazepine was associated with a decreased cancer risk (OR Model I: 0.699, p < .0001, OR Model II: 0.952, p = .4878, OR Model III: 0.758, p < .0004). Significance Our findings suggest that ASM use does not increase the risk of cancer in epilepsy patients.

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Association between statin use and the risks of glaucoma in Australia: a 10-year cohort study

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-318789 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bjophthalmol-2021-318789

Author(s):

Yixiong Yuan ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Xianwen Shang ◽

Ruilin Xiong ◽

Jason Ha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression Model ◽

The People ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Statin Use

SynopsisIn a cohort of middle-aged and elderly Australians, we found that long-term statin use was associated with a higher risk of glaucoma onset. As to subtypes of statins, the increased risk was only found in rosuvastatin users.PurposeTo investigate the relationship between statin use and glaucoma onset in a 10-year longitudinal study.MethodsThis nested case–control study was based on data from a large-scale cohort of Australians aged over 45 years old. Medication exposure was identified by claims records from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme during the follow-up period (2009–2016). The onset of glaucoma was defined as the people with at least three claims of antiglaucoma medications. Controls matched by age, gender and cardiovascular diseases were selected from participants without prescription of antiglaucoma medications. A conditional logistic regression model was used to assess the association between statin use and glaucoma onset.ResultsThe proportion of statin users was higher in the case group (40.5%) than that in the control group (38.4%). After adjusting for baseline characteristics and longitudinal claims records, statin use was not associated with glaucoma onset (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.11). However, an increased risk of glaucoma onset was observed in participants with a longer duration of statin use (>3 years vs <1 year: OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.21). With respect to specific types of statins, participants taking rosuvastatin were more likely to suffer from glaucoma (OR 1.11, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.22). The use of other statins was not significantly associated with glaucoma onset.ConclusionsLong-term statin use was found to be associated with a higher risk of glaucoma onset in this study. Regarding specific types of statins, the increased risk of glaucoma onset was only observed in users of rosuvastatin.

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Cigarette smoking and risk of intracranial aneurysms in middle-aged women

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/jnnp-2020-323753 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 91 (9) ◽

pp. 985-990 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher S Ogilvy ◽

Santiago Gomez-Paz ◽

Kimberly P Kicielinski ◽

Mohamed M Salem ◽

Yosuke Akamatsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Status ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Smoking History ◽

Chronic Hypertension ◽

Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Single Centre Study ◽

Chronic Headaches ◽

Control Study

Background and purposeWe previously reported a single-centre study demonstrating that smoking confers a six-fold increased risk for having an unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) in women aged between 30 and 60 years and this risk was higher if the patient had chronic hypertension. There are no data with greater generalisability evaluating this association. We aimed to validate our previous findings in women from a multicentre study.MethodsA multicentre case-control study on women aged between 30 and 60 years, that had magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) during the period 2016–2018. Cases were those with an incidental UIA, and these were matched to controls based on age and ethnicity. A multivariable conditional logistic regression was conducted to evaluate smoking status and hypertension differences between cases and controls.ResultsFrom 545 eligible patients, 113 aneurysm patients were matched to 113 controls. The most common reason for imaging was due to chronic headaches in 62.5% of cases and 44.3% of controls. A positive smoking history was encountered in 57.5% of cases and in 37.2% of controls. A multivariable analysis demonstrated a significant association between positive smoking history (OR 3.7, 95%CI 1.61 to 8.50), hypertension (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.17 to 8.52) and both factors combined with a diagnosis of an incidental UIA (OR 6.9, 95% CI 2.49 to 19.24).ConclusionsWomen aged between 30 and 60 years with a positive smoking history have a four-fold increased risk for having an UIA, and a seven-fold increased risk if they have underlying chronic hypertension. These findings indicate that women aged between 30 and 60 years with a positive smoking history might benefit from a screening recommendation.

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