scholarly journals Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus in Africa in one health approach: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsegaye Alemayehu ◽  
Mengistu Hailemariam
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Inconsistency Index ◽  
The World ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

AbstractVancomycin-resistant enterococci are a global challenge currently as reported by the World Health Organization. It is also important to recognize that combating antimicrobial resistance needs to recognize the interconnections between people, animals, plants and their shared environment in creating public health, the so-called One Health approach. Although the presence of VRE has been described in many regions of the world, there is a lack of comprehensive data indicating their prevalence of in Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to aggregate the result of studies describing VRE reported across multiple regions in Africa. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Google scholar, and Hinari with the term “Vancomycin resistance enterococcus in Africa” on August 1–3, 2019. All available articles were downloaded to “Endnote version 7.1” then to Microsoft Word 2013. Articles determined to meet our criteria for the review was extracted to Microsoft Excel 2013. Those articles that reported the prevalence of vancomycin resistance Enterococcus obtained from all sample types and published from 2010 to 2019 in the English language were included for the review. A meta-analysis was conducted with OpenMetaAnalyst version R.3.1.0 software. The effect size was determined using a binary random effect model and statically significant considered when p < 0.05. Heterogeneity determined with the inconsistency index. A leave one out analysis used to perform the sensitivity analysis. There were 151 articles identified from the database searches; of this, 36 articles included after extensive review with two independent authors. Out of 4073 samples collected, 1488 isolates identified with an overall pooled prevalence of VRE 26.8% (95% CI; 10.7–43.0%) in Africa with a one-health perspective. The analysis showed that considerable heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 99.97%; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis in-country, African region, laboratory method, year of publication, and sample source showed that a high prevalence was identified from South Africa (74.8%), South African regions (74.8%), PCR (959.2%), 2010–2015 years (30.3%) and environmental (52.2%), respectively. This meta-analysis indicates that there was a high-pooled prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in African. A lot should be done to prevent and control the transmission of vancomycin resistance enterococci to a human being from the environment in the continent.

scholarly journals Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) in Nigeria: The First Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Yusuf Wada ◽  
Azian Binti Harun ◽  
Chan Yean Yean ◽  
Abdul Rahman Zaidah
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Leave One Out

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) are on the rise worldwide. Here, we report the first prevalence of VRE in Nigeria using systematic review and meta-analysis. International databases MedLib, PubMed, International Scientific Indexing (ISI), Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and African journals online (AJOL) were searched. Information was extracted by two independent reviewers, and results were reviewed by the third. Two reviewers independently assessed the study quality using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist. OpenMeta analyst was used. The random effect was used, and publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed, and the sources were analysed using the leave-one-out meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression. Nineteen studies met the eligibility criteria and were added to the final meta-analysis, and the study period was from 2009–2018. Of the 2552 isolates tested, 349 were VRE, and E. faecalis was reported the most. The pooled prevalence of VRE in Nigeria was estimated at 25.3% (95% CI; 19.8–30.8%; I2 = 96.26%; p < 0.001). Between-study variability was high (t2 = 0.011; heterogeneity I2 = 96.26% with heterogeneity chi-square (Q) = 480.667, degrees of freedom (df) = 18, and p = 0.001). The funnel plot showed no publication bias, and the leave-one-out forest plot did not affect the pooled prevalence. The South-East region had a moderate heterogeneity though not significant (I2 = 51.15%, p = 0.129). Meta-regression showed that all the variables listed contributed to the heterogeneity except for the animal isolate source (p = 0.188) and studies that were done in 2013 (p = 0.219). Adherence to proper and accurate antimicrobial usage, comprehensive testing, and continuous surveillance of VRE are required.

scholarly journals Prevalence of vertical HIV infection and its risk factors among HIV exposed infants in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amare Belachew ◽  
Tilahun Tewabe ◽  
Gizat Abinet Malede
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hiv Exposed Infants ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Hiv Exposed

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the most important global health problems. More than one and half million of children are living with HIV in the world, and majority of them are found in sub-Saharan Africa. There are primary fragmented study findings, and no review was conducted with regard to vertical HIV infection in East Africa. Therefore, this review aimed to assess the prevalence of vertical HIV infection and its risk factors among HIV-exposed infants in East Africa. Main body Eligible studies were retrieved by relevant search terms in CINHAL, Pub-MED, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Cochrane, African Journals Online databases, and Ethiopian University research repositories. Data were extracted with Microsoft Excel and analyzed with Stata version 11 software. The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of vertical HIV infection in East Africa. The variation between studies was quantified with an I2 statistic test. Furthermore, sub-group and meta-regression analyses were done to identify the sources of heterogeneity between the studies. The publication bias was assessed by Egger test. This systematic review and meta-analysis have included a total of 33 research articles. The overall pooled prevalence of vertical HIV infection in East Africa was 7.68% with a 95% confidence interval [CI]: (6.23, 9.12) with a heterogeneity of I2 = 86.8 with a p value < 0.001. In subgroup analysis, the pooled prevalence of vertical HIV infection in cross-sectional studies was 6.58%, while in cohort studies were 9.37%. Mixed feeding, AOR = 6.22 (1.02, 11.41); home delivery, AOR = 2 (1.01, 3); mothers took ART less than 4 weeks, AOR = 1.92 (1.79, 2.06); and infants who have not received ARV prophylaxis, AOR = 2.02 (1.05, 2.98) were the associated factors for vertical HIV infection for exposed infants. Conclusions The pooled prevalence of the mother to child transmission of HIV is way more than the desired target of the World Health Organization, which is less than 5% in breastfeeding populations. Thus, strengthening the prevention of vertical HIV transmission, promotion of exclusive breastfeeding, timely initiation of ART prophylaxis for HIV exposed infants, encouragement of hospital delivery, and the start of ART at the time of diagnosis of every HIV-positive person may all reduce the transmission of vertical HIV infection.

scholarly journals Colonization With Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and Risk for Bloodstream Infection Among Patients With Malignancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michail Alevizakos ◽  
Apostolos Gaitanidis ◽  
Dimitrios Nasioudis ◽  
Katerina Tori ◽  
Myrto Eleni Flokas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Hematologic Malignancy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Solid Malignancy ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Gastrointestinal Colonization

Abstract Background Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) cause severe infections among patients with malignancy, and these infections are usually preceded by gastrointestinal colonization. Methods We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases (up to May 26, 2016) to identify studies that reported data on VRE gastrointestinal colonization among patients with solid or hematologic malignancy. Results Thirty-four studies, reporting data on 8391 patients with malignancy, were included in our analysis. The pooled prevalence of VRE colonization in this population was 20% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14%–26%). Among patients with hematologic malignancy, 24% (95% CI, 16%–34%) were colonized with VRE, whereas no studies reported data solely on patients with solid malignancy. Patients with acute leukemia were at higher risk for VRE colonization (risk ratio [RR] = 1.95; 95% CI, 1.17–3.26). Vancomycin use or hospitalization within 3 months were associated with increased colonization risk (RR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.06–3.45 and RR = 4.68, 95% CI = 1.66–13.21, respectively). Among the different geographic regions, VRE colonization rate was 21% in North America (95% CI, 13%–31%), 20% in Europe (95% CI, 9%–34%), 23% in Asia (95% CI, 13%–38%), and 4% in Oceania (95% CI, 2%–6%). More importantly, colonized patients were 24.15 (95% CI, 10.27–56.79) times more likely to develop a bloodstream infection due to VRE than noncolonized patients. Conclusions A substantial VRE colonization burden exists among patients with malignancy, and colonization greatly increases the risk for subsequent VRE bloodstream infection. Adherence to antimicrobial stewardship is needed, and a re-evaluation of the use of vancomycin as empiric therapy in this patient population may be warranted.

scholarly journals Vancomycin-resistant enterococci and coagulase-negative staphylococci prevalence among patients attending at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249823
Author(s):  
Degu Ashagrie ◽  
Chalachew Genet ◽  
Bayeh Abera
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Background Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) and vancomycin resistance coagulase negative staphylococci (VRCoNS) are common pathogens causing difficult to treat health care associated infections (HAI). Hence, the World Health Organization listed VRE as one of the high priority pathogens for new antibiotic discovery and antimicrobial resistance surveillance. Despite this, data on the prevalence of VRE and VRCoNS in Ethiopia is scarce. Thus, the present study determined prevalence of VRE and VRCoNS among patients attending Felege-Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital, Ethiopia. Methods A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 patients selected conveniently from February to March 2020. Data on demographic and clinical variables were collected using a structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview. Simultaneously urine, venous blood and wound swab were collected and processed following standard bacteriological technique. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by minimum inhibitory concentration method using E-test for vancomycin and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for other classes of antibiotics. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with VRE infection. P. value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The prevalence of enterococci and CoNS were 6.8% and 12% respectively. The prevalence of VRE was 34.61% (9/26), while all CoNS (46 isolates) were susceptible to vancomycin. The majority (66.7%) of VRE was isolated from blood samples. Furthermore all VRE (100%), 58.8% of vancomycin susceptible enterococci and 45.7% of CoNS were multidrug resistant (MDR). Having educational level of secondary school and below (AOR = 12.80, CI = 1.149–142.5), previous exposure to catheterization (AOR = 56.0, CI = 4.331–724.0) and previous antibiotic use practice (AOR = 26.25, CI = 3.041–226.2) were a significant associated explanatory factor for VRE infection. Conclusions The prevalence of vancomycin resistance enterococci, which is also multidrug resistant, was significantly high. Though no vancomycin resistance CoNS detected, the MDR level of CoNS was high. Thus to limit enterococci and CoNS infections and MDR development, focused infection prevention measures should be implemented.

scholarly journals Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Degena Bahrey Tadesse ◽  
Gebremeskel Tukue Gebrewahd ◽  
Abrha Hailay ◽  
Woldu Aberhe ◽  
Guesh Mebrahtom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Inconsistency Index ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
National Prevalence

Background. Currently, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Despite the seriousness of this problem, limited evidence is available on the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy among patients with diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, there were no updated studies that estimate the national prevalence of DPN. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis provided a national prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy among patients with diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia. Methods. This study was submitted for registration with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) in March 2020 and accepted with the registration number CRD42020173831. Different database searching engines were searched online to retrieve related articles, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, World Health Organization (WHO) Afro Library, and Cochrane Review. The reviewers used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline in the reviewing process. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, all published and unpublished articles were analyzed. The reviewers used the random effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy among diabetes mellitus patients. The reviewers conducted the statistical analysis using the R version 3.5.3 and RStudio version 1.2.5033 software for Windows. The reviewers evaluated the heterogeneity across the included studies by the inconsistency index ( I 2 ). The reviewers examined the publication bias by the funnel plot. Results. The search of the databases produced 245 papers. After checking the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 38 articles with 14029 total patients with diabetes mellitus were found suitable for the review. Except for three (retrospective cohort study), all studies were cross-sectional. The overall pooled prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy was 22% (95% CI 18% to 26%). The subgroup analysis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy among patients with diabetes in the different regions was 23% (95% CI 17% to 29%) in Addis Ababa, 27% (95% CI 16% to 38%) in Oromia, 16% (95% CI 14% to 18%) in South nation and nationalities, and 15% (95% CI 6% to 24%) in Amhara. Conclusions. More than one-fifth of patients with diabetes have diabetic peripheral neuropathy. According to this study, the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Ethiopia is considerably high. This evidence suggests that attention should be given to patients with diabetes in monitoring patients’ blood glucose.

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-clinical studies

Gene Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 101265
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Hasanpour ◽  
Zohreh Neyestani ◽  
Mohsen Arzanlou ◽  
Eslam Moradi-Asl ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

scholarly journals Prevalence and impact of frailty in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Proietti ◽  
G.F Romiti ◽  
V Raparelli ◽  
I Diemberger ◽  
G Boriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Prevalence Odds Ratio ◽  
Frail Patients ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inconsistency Index

Abstract Background Frailty is a clinical syndrome characterized by a reduced physiologic function, increased vulnerability to stressors, and an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) are often burdened with a high number of comorbidities and prone to frailty. The prevalence of frailty, its management and association with major outcomes in patients with AF are still unclear. Purpose To estimate the pooled prevalence of frailty in patients with AF, as well as its association with AF-related risk factors and comorbidities, oral anticoagulants (OAC) prescription, and major outcomes. Methods We systematically searched PubMed and EMBASE, from inception to 31st January 2021, for studies reporting the prevalence of frailty (irrespective of the tool used for assessment). Pooled prevalence, odds ratio (OR), and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were computed using random-effect models; heterogeneity was assessed through the inconsistency index (I2). This study was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42021235854. Results A total of 1,116 studies were retrieved from the literature search, and 31 were finally included in the systematic review (n=842,521 patients). The frailty pooled prevalence was 39.6% (95% CI=29.2%-51.0%, I2=100%; Figure 1). Significant subgroup differences were observed according to geographical location (higher prevalence found in European-based cohorts; p=0.003) and type of tool used for the assessment (higher prevalence in studies using the Clinical Frailty Scale and Tilburg Frailty Index tools; p&lt;0.001). Meta-regressions showed that study-level mean age and prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and history of stroke were directly associated with frailty prevalence. Frailty was significantly associated with a 29% reduced probability of OAC prescription in observational studies (OR=0.71, 95% CI=0.62–0.81). Frail patients with AF were at higher risk of all-cause death (OR=4.12, 95% CI=3.15–5.41), ischemic stroke (OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.01–2.38), and bleeding (OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.12–2.14), compared to non-frail patients with AF. Conclusions In this systematic review and meta-analysis analysis, the prevalence of frailty was high in patients with AF, and associated with study-level mean age and prevalence of several stroke risk factors. Frailty may influence the management of patients, and worsening the prognosis for all major AF-related outcomes. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Prevalence of Frailty among AF patients

scholarly journals Novel genomic islands and a new vanD-subtype in the first sporadic VanD-type vancomycin resistant enterococci in Norway

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255187
Author(s):  
Mushtaq T. S. AL Rubaye ◽  
Jessin Janice ◽  
Jørgen Vildershøj Bjørnholt ◽  
Aleksandra Jakovljev ◽  
Maria Elisabeth Hultström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Genomic Islands ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Chromosomal Site ◽  
Enterococcus Casseliflavus ◽  
Temporal Occurrence ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
High Level

Background Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) represent several types of transferable vancomycin resistance gene clusters. The vanD type, associated with moderate to high level vancomycin resistance, has only sporadically been described in clinical isolates. The aim of this study was to perform a genetic characterization of the first VanD-type VRE strains detected in Norway. Methods The VanD-type VRE-strains (n = 6) from two patient cases were examined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) to uncover Van-phenotype, strain phylogeny, the vanD gene clusters, and their genetic surroundings. The putative transferability of vanD was examined by circularization PCR and filter mating. Results The VanD-type Enterococcus faecium (n = 4) and Enterococcus casseliflavus (n = 2) strains recovered from two cases (A and B), expressed moderate to high level vancomycin resistance (MIC 64—>256 mg/L) and various levels of teicoplanin susceptibility (MIC 2—>256 mg/L). WGS analyses revealed phylogenetically different E. faecium strains (A1, A2, and A3 of case A and B1 from case B) as well as vanD gene clusters located on different novel genomic islands (GIs). The E. casseliflavus strains (B2 and B3 of case B) were not clonally related, but harbored nearly identical novel GIs. The vanD cluster of case B strains represents a novel vanD-subtype. All the vanD-GIs were integrated at the same chromosomal site and contained genes consistent with a Clostridiales origin. Circular forms of the vanD-GIs were detected in all strains except B1. Transfer of vanD to an E. faecium recipient was unsuccessful. Conclusions We describe the first VanD-type E. casseliflavus strains, a novel vanD-subtype, and three novel vanD-GIs with a genetic content consistent with a Clostridiales order origin. Despite temporal occurrence, case A and B E. faecium strains were phylogenetically diverse and harbored different vanD subtypes and vanD-GIs.

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