scholarly journals Depressive symptoms and risk of liver-related mortality in individuals with hepatitis B virus infection: a cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
In Young Cho ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
Eunju Sung ◽  
Won Sohn ◽  
Jae-Heon Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Related Mortality

AbstractThe impact of depression on the risk of liver-related mortality in individuals with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains unclear. We examined the association between depression, HBV infection, and liver-related mortality. A total of 342,998 Korean adults who underwent health examinations were followed for up to 7.8 years. Depressive symptoms were defined as a Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression score ≥ 16. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During 1,836,508 person-years of follow-up, 74 liver-related deaths and 54 liver cancer deaths were identified (liver-related mortality rate of 4.0 per 105 person-years and liver cancer mortality rate of 2.9 per 105 person-years). Subjects with depressive symptoms had an increased risk of liver-related mortality with a corresponding multivariable aHR of 2.00 (95% CI 1.10–3.63) compared to those without depressive symptoms. This association was more evident in HBsAg-positive participants with a corresponding multivariable aHR of 4.22 (95% CI 1.81–9.88) than HBsAg-negative participants (P for interaction by HBsAg positivity = 0.036). A similar pattern was observed in relation to liver cancer mortality. In this large cohort, depressive symptoms were associated with an increased risk of liver-related mortality, with a stronger association in HBsAg-positive individuals.

scholarly journals Possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host microRNA with potential antiviral activity in patients with hepatitis B virus-related persistent infection: a systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1751-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fiorino ◽  
L. Bacchi-Reggiani ◽  
S. Sabbatani ◽  
F. Grizzi ◽  
L. di Tommaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a serious global health problem and persistent HBV infection is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Recently, the study of the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of HBV has gained considerable interest as well as new treatments against this pathogen have been approved. A few studies have investigated the antiviral activity of vitamin E (VE) in chronic HBV carriers. Herein, we review the possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host miRNA with potential anti-HBV activity. A systematic research of the scientific literature was performed by searching the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases. The keywords used were ‘HBV therapy’, ‘HBV treatment’, ‘VE antiviral effects’, ‘tocopherol antiviral activity’, ‘miRNA antiviral activity’ and ‘VE microRNA’. Reports describing the role of miRNA in the regulation of HBV life cycle,in vitroandin vivoavailable studies reporting the effects of VE on miRNA expression profiles and epigenetic networks, and clinical trials reporting the use of VE in patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis were identified and examined. Based on the clinical results obtained in VE-treated chronic HBV carriers, we provide a reliable hypothesis for the possible role of this vitamin in the modulation of host miRNA profiles perturbed by this viral pathogen and in the regulation of some cellular miRNA with a suggested potential anti-HBV activity. This approach may contribute to the improvement of our understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms involved in HBV infection and increase the possibility of its management and treatment.

scholarly journals Is it Safe for a Mother Infected with Hepatitis B Virus to Breastfeed Her Baby?

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
ASM Nawshad Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Md Mahbubul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The World

One third of the world’s population has been infected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), causing an enormous burden of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B virus is transmitted through contact with blood and blood products, by sexual contact, through close contact between children (horizontal transmission), or by perinatal transmission from a carrier mother to her baby. In Asia, perinatal transmission is the major mode of transmission and those who become infected perinatally with HBV are most likely to develop chronic infection. The question of whether breastfeeding by HBV-positive mothers is an additional mechanism by which infants may acquire HBV infection, has been asked for many years. Although small amounts of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) have been detected in some samples of breast milk, there is no evidence that breastfeeding by HBV-carrier mothers increase the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. Infants born to known hepatitis B positive women should receive hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine, effectively eliminating any theoretical risk of transmission through breastfeeding. However, neither screening of pregnant women for HBV infection nor use of HBIG is feasible in most developing countries. Routine immunization of infants with hepatitis B vaccine is therefore recommended by the World Health Organization. Bangladesh has already included hepatitis B vaccine as part of routine childhood immunization in EPI program since 2003. Also the risk must be balanced against the increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to malnutrition and diarrheal or other infectious diseases associated with replacement feeding. Malnutrition is responsible, directly or indirectly, for 6.5 million under 5 deaths annually. Thus, even where HBV infection is highly endemic and immunization against HBV is not available, breastfeeding remains the recommended method of feeding. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v35i1.10369 BJCH 2011; 35(1): 20-25

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and prevalence of hepatitis B virus among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional, hospital-based study in Bamenda Health District, NWR, Cameroon

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e031075
Author(s):  
Etheline Akazong W ◽  
Christopher Tume ◽  
Richard Njouom ◽  
Lawrence Ayong ◽  
Victor Fondoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbsag Positivity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Transmission

IntroductionHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a bloodborne virus which can be transmitted via percutaneous and mucocutaneous exposure to infected body fluid. Healthcare workers (HCWs) who are continuously exposed to different body fluids are at an increased risk of contracting and transmitting this virus. It is thus important to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of HCWs towards HBV and the prevalence of HBV infection among them.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out between April and September 2017. Overall, 398 HCWs were recruited for this study. Knowledge on the route of HBV transmission and attitude towards HBV were evaluated using a well-structured questionnaire. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity was obtained using the Monolisa HBsAg ULTRA kit (Bio-Rad). Data were analysed using SPSS V.20.ResultsAmong the HCWs who participated in this study, 338 (84.9%) had heard of HBV, and 269 (67.6%) of them had adequate knowledge on the route of HBV transmission. Medical doctors were the most knowledgeable among biomedical workers and students (76.5%). The rate of stigma was highest among nurses (87, 38.8%). The prevalence of HBsAg positivity was high (42, 10.6%) given that there is an efficient and available vaccine. Overall, over 70% of HCWs invited to participate in this study responded.ConclusionKnowledge on the route of HBV transmission was fair, and the level of stigmatisation of HBV-infected patients and the prevalence of HBV infection were high in this study. A sensitisation campaign should be carried out to educate HCWs on HBV, thus reducing the level of stigma associated with HBV as well as the probability of contracting HBV as a nosocomial infection.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus DNA Integration Occurs Early in the Viral Life Cycle in anIn VitroInfection Model via Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide-Dependent Uptake of Enveloped Virus Particles

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. e02007-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Tu ◽  
Magdalena A. Budzinska ◽  
Florian W. R. Vondran ◽  
Nicholas A. Shackel ◽  
Stephan Urban
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Dna Integration ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Dna Integration

ABSTRACTChronic infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major contributor to liver disease worldwide. Though HBV replicates via a nuclear episomal DNA (covalently closed circular DNA [cccDNA]), integration of HBV DNA into the host cell genome is regularly observed in the liver in infected patients. While reported as a prooncogenic alteration, the mechanism(s) and timing of HBV DNA integration are not well understood, chiefly due to the lack ofin vitroinfection models that have detectable integration events. In this study, we have established anin vitrosystem in which integration can be reliably detected following HBV infection. We measured HBV DNA integration using inverse nested PCR in primary human hepatocytes, HepaRG-NTCP, HepG2-NTCP, and Huh7-NTCP cells after HBV infection. Integration was detected in all cell types at a rate of >1 per 10,000 cells, with the most consistent detection in Huh7-NTCP cells. The integration rate remained stable between 3 and 9 days postinfection. HBV DNA integration was efficiently blocked by treatment with a 200 nM concentration of the HBV entry inhibitor Myrcludex B, but not with 10 μM tenofovir, 100 U of interferon alpha, or a 1 μM concentration of the capsid assembly inhibitor GLS4. This suggests that integration of HBV DNA occurs immediately after infection of hepatocytes and is likely independent ofde novoHBV genome replication in this model. Site analysis revealed that HBV DNA integrations were distributed over the entire human genome. Further, integrated HBV DNA sequences were consistent with double-stranded linear HBV DNA being the major precursor. Thus, we have established anin vitrosystem to interrogate the mechanisms of HBV DNA integration.IMPORTANCEHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a common blood-borne pathogen and, following a chronic infection, can cause liver cancer and liver cirrhosis. Integration of HBV DNA into the host genome occurs in all known members of theHepadnaviridaefamily, despite this form not being necessary for viral replication. HBV DNA integration has been reported to drive liver cancer formation and persistence of virus infection. However, when and the mechanism(s) by which HBV DNA integration occurs are not clear. In this study, we have developed and characterized anin vitrosystem to reliably detect HBV DNA integrations that result from a true HBV infection event and that closely resemble those found in patient tissues. Using this model, we showed that integration occurs when the infection is first established. Importantly, we provide here a system to analyze molecular factors involved in HBV integration, which can be used to develop strategies to halt its formation.

scholarly journals Correlation between Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Colorectal Neoplasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Suk Jung ◽  
Nam Hee Kim ◽  
Jung Ho Park ◽  
Dong Il Park ◽  
Chong Il Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Colorectal Neoplasia ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Serologic Testing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus

Background: Data about the association between hepatitis virus infection and colorectal neoplasia (CRN) are extremely limited. We examined the association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with the risk of CRN. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on asymptomatic examinees who underwent a colonoscopy and serologic testing for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody (HCV Ab) between 2004 and 2015. Results: Of 155,674 participants who underwent serologic testing for HBsAg, 5476 (3.5%) were positive for HBsAg. The mean age of the study participants was 41.1 ± 9.1 years. The prevalence of CRN was higher in the HBsAg (+) than in HBsAg (-) participants (16.9% vs. 15.6%, p = 0.009). Even after adjusting for confounders, HBsAg positivity was correlated with an increased risk of CRN (odds ratio (OR), 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.19; p = 0.025). Of 155,180 participants who underwent serologic testing for HCV Ab, only 240 (0.15%) were positive for HCV Ab. The prevalence of CRN was higher in HCV Ab (+) than in HCV Ab (-) participants (22.9% vs. 15.6%, p = 0.002). However, the association disappeared after adjusting for confounders (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.72–1.50; p = 0.839). Conclusions: HBV infection was independently correlated with an increased risk of CRN. Our results indicate the possibility that HBV infection may contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis. Screening colonoscopy may have to be recommended more thoroughly for HBV-infected patients.

scholarly journals HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION PROFILE IN CENTRAL BRAZILIAN HEMODIALYSIS POPULATION

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila A. TELES ◽  
Regina M. B MARTINS ◽  
Simonne A. SILVA ◽  
Dinalva M. F. GOMES ◽  
Divina D. P. CARDOSO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Dialysis Unit ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Infection Profile

Hepatitis B has proved to be a major health hazard in hemodialysis patients. In order to investigate the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection profile in the hemodialysis population of Goiânia city - Central Brazil, all dialysis patients (N=282) were studied. The prevalence of any HBV marker (HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc) was 56.7% (95% CI: 51.1-62.7), ranging from 33.3% to 77.7% depending on dialysis unit. HBV-DNA was detected in 67.6% and 88.2% of the HBsAg-positive serum samples, in 91.3% and 100% of the HBsAg/HBeAg-positive samples, and in 18.2% and 63.6% of the HBsAg/anti-HBe-reactive sera by hybridization and PCR, respectively. The length of time on hemodialysis was significantly associated with HBV seropositivity. Only 10% of the patients reported received hepatitis B vaccination. The findings of a high HBV infection prevalence in this population and the increased risk for HBV infection on long-term hemodialysis suggest the environmental transmission, emphasizing the urgent need to evaluate strategies of control and prevention followed in these units.

scholarly journals Increased risk of hepatitis B virus infection amongst individuals with diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Xia Zhu ◽  
Yulin Ji ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Fengsu Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Diabetic Population

AbstractThere have been reports of hepatitis B outbreaks amongst diabetics in long-term care facilities, suggesting that risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is higher in this population. However, the magnitude of the risk and the incidence of HBV infection amongst the general diabetic population in China remains unknown. Data from a cohort study conducted in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China, were retrospectively analyzed in order to address this question. Demographic information was collected using a custom-designed questionnaire, and blood samples were tested for HBV using ELISA. We used multivariate logistic regression to explore the relationship between HBV infection and diabetes, while adjusting for age, sex, region, medical insurance, exposure history, and HBV vaccination. During 2013–2014, a total of 189766 adults were surveyed, of which 7382 were newly infected with HBV, corresponding to an incidence of 3.89%. In this study population, there were 4982 diabetic patients and 182710 non-diabetic individuals. Amongst those with diabetes, 265 (5.32%) were newly infected with HBV. In contrast, 7038 (3.85%) in the non-diabetic population were newly infected with HBV. The relative risk (RR) of HBV infection was 43% higher amongst those diagnosed with diabetes than amongst those not diagnosed (RR 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–1.63). These results suggest that the risk of HBV infection is higher amongst individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China. Hepatitis B vaccination and continuous infection control practices may help to reduce HBV infection in diabetic patients, and should be considered for diabetes management.

scholarly journals Associations between hepatitis B virus infection and risk of colorectal Cancer: a population-based prospective study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Liu ◽  
Wenqiang Li ◽  
Youcheng Zhang ◽  
Sarah Tan Siyin ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background Previous studies have observed a close association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as well as extrahepatic cancers. However, research concerning the effect of HBV infection on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is rare and inconsistent. This study aims to determine the relationship between HBV infection and new-onset CRC. Methods We prospectively examined the relationship between HBV infection and new-onset CRC among 93,390 participants from Kailuan Cohort study. Cox proportional hazards regression models, subgroup analyses and competing risk analyses were used to evaluate the association between HBV infection and the risk of new-onset CRC. Results During a median follow-up of 11.28 years, 448 incident CRC cases were identified. The adjusted HR (95%confidence interval (CI)) for the association of HBsAg Seropositive with CRC was 1.85(1.15 ~ 2.96) in the Cox regression. Subgroup analyses showed that the HBsAg seropositive group was associated with increased risk of new-onset CRC among male, middle-aged, normal weight, smokers and non-drinker participants, respectively. A positive association of HBV infection with the risk of CRC was observed in the adjusted sub-distribution proportional hazards (SD) models (HRSD = 1.77, 95% CI:1.11–2.84) and cause-specific hazards (CS) models (HRCS = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.13–2.91). Conclusions Our results have found a significant association between HBV infection and the risk of incident CRC among Chinese participants. Trial registration Kailuan study, ChiCTR–TNRC–11001489. Registered 24 August 2011 - Retrospectively registered, http:// http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=8050

scholarly journals Antiviral Treatment among Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Pregnant Women—New York City and Michigan, 2013–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S41-S41
Author(s):  
Ruth Link-Gelles ◽  
Alaya Koneru ◽  
Julie Lazaroff ◽  
Patrick Fineis ◽  
Noele Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Maternal Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Transmission

Abstract Background Individuals with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are at increased risk for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic HBV infection develops in 90% of persons infected at birth. Although postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), consisting of hepatitis B vaccine and immune globulin at birth, and completion of the three-dose vaccine series prevents up to 95% of perinatal HBV infections; however, breakthrough infections can occur, especially among infants born to women with high viral loads (VLs). Maternal antiviral treatment during pregnancy can reduce perinatal HBV transmission by 70% above the effect of infant PEP alone. We assessed factors associated with maternal antiviral treatment in a cohort of HBV-infected pregnant women with high VL. Methods During 2013–2015, the CDC-funded Supplemental Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Program collected information from interviews and medical charts of HBV-infected pregnant women in two sites. We assessed the association of demographic and clinical factors with maternal treatment in women with high VL (>200,000 IU/mL), considering statistical significance at P < 0.05. Results Among 1,521 women with maternal treatment and VL data, 151 (10%) had high VL. Among these 151 women, 66 (44%) received antiviral treatment (Table), all of whom were of Asian/Pacific Island race. None of the seven women of other races were treated (P = 0.02). Fifty-nine women (48%) receiving Medicaid were treated compared with six women (24%) who had private insurance (P = 0.04). Conclusion Mother’s race, country of birth, and insurance status were significantly associated with treatment in women with high VL. Because most women with high VL did not receive antiviral treatment during pregnancy, opportunities to reduce perinatal HBV transmission exist. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Human genomics of acute liver failure due to hepatitis B virus infection: an exome sequencing study in liver transplant recipients

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Asgari ◽  
Nimisha Chaturvedi ◽  
Petar Scepanovic ◽  
Christian Hammer ◽  
Nasser Semmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
Fulminant Hepatitis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
B Virus

AbstractAcute liver failure (ALF) or fulminant hepatitis is a rare, yet severe outcome of infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) that carries a high mortality rate. The occurrence of a life-threatening condition upon infection with a prevalent virus in individuals without known risk factors is suggestive of pathogen-specific immune dysregulation. In the absence of established differences in HBV virulence, we hypothesized that ALF upon primary infection with HBV could be due to rare deleterious variants in the human genome. To search for such variants, we performed exome sequencing in 21 previously healthy adults who required liver transplantation upon fulminant HBV infection and 172 controls that were positive for anti-HBc and anti-HBs antibodies but had no clinical history of jaundice or liver disease. After a series of hypothesis-driven filtering steps, we searched for putatively pathogenic variants that were significantly associated with case-control status. We did not find any causal variant or gene, a result that does not support the hypothesis of a shared monogenic basis for human susceptibility to HBV-related ALF in adults. This study represents a first attempt at deciphering the human genetic contribution to the most severe clinical presentation of acute HBV infection in previously healthy individuals.Author SummaryInfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is very common and causes a variety of liver diseases including acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver carcinoma. Acute HBV infection is often asymptomatic, still about 1% of newly infected people develop a rapid and severe disease known as acute liver failure or fulminant hepatitis. Acute liver failure has a high mortality rate and is an indication for urgent liver transplantation. It is not clear why some people, who are otherwise healthy, develop such severe symptoms upon infection with a common pathogen. Here, we hypothesized that rare DNA variants in the human genome could contribute to this unusual susceptibility. We sequenced the exome (i.e. the regions of the genome that encode the proteins) of 21 previously healthy adults who required liver transplantation upon fulminant HBV infection and searched for rare genetic variants that could explain the clinical presentation. We did not identify any variant that could be convincingly linked to the extreme susceptibility to HBV observed in the study participants. This suggests that HBV-induced acute liver failure is more likely to result from the combined influence of multiple genetic and environmental factors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document