scholarly journals Smoking load reduction is insufficient to downregulate miR-301b, a lung cancer promoter

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila dos Santos Arcas ◽  
Hui Tzu Lin-Wang ◽  
Iracema Ioco Kikuchi Umeda ◽  
Márcio Gonçalves de Sousa ◽  
Daniela Mitiyo Odagiri Utiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Chemotherapy Resistance ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Clinical Changes ◽  
Plasma Profile

AbstractSeveral circulating miRNAs identified in the plasma of smokers have been implicated as promoters of nasopharyngeal and lung carcinoma. To investigate the plasma profile of miRNAs in subjects who reduces the number of smoked cigarettes and who quit after six months. We accompanied 28 individuals enrolled in a Smoking Cessation Program over 6 months. At Baseline, clinical characteristics, co-morbidities, and smoking history were similar among subjects. After 6 months, two groups were defined: who successfully quitted smoking (named “quitters”, n = 18, mean age 57 years, 11 male) and who reduced the number of cigarettes smoked (20–90%) but failed to quit smoking (named “smokers”, n = 10, mean age 52 years, 3 male). No significant clinical changes were observed between groups at baseline and after a 6-month period, however, quitters showed significant downregulations in seven miRNAs at baseline: miR-17 (− 2.90-fold, p = 0.029), miR-20a (− 3.80-fold, p = 0.021); miR-20b (− 4.71-fold, p = 0.027); miR-30a (− 3.95-fold, p = 0.024); miR-93 (− 3.63-fold, p = 0.022); miR-125a (− 1.70-fold, p = 0.038); and miR-195 (− 5.37-fold, p = 0.002), and after a 6-month period in 6 miRNAs: miR-17 (− 5.30-fold, p = 0.012), miR-20a (− 2.04-fold, p = 0.017), miR-20b (− 5.44-fold, p = 0.017), miR-93 (− 4.00-fold, p = 0.041), miR-101 (− 4.82-fold, p = 0.047) and miR-125b (− 3.65-fold, p = 0.025). Using time comparisons, only quitters had significant downregulation in miR-301b (− 2.29-fold, p = 0.038) after 6-month. Reductions in the number of smoked cigarettes was insufficient to change the plasma profile of miRNA after 6 months. Only quitting smoking (100% reduction) significantly downregulated miR-301b related to hypoxic conditions, promotion of cell proliferation, decreases in apoptosis, cancer development, and progression as increases in radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance.

scholarly journals Providing Antismoking Socialization to Children After Quitting Smoking: Does It Help Parents Stay Quit?

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1257-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim A. Hayes ◽  
Christine Jackson ◽  
Denise M. Dickinson ◽  
Audra L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Parenting Program ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Quitting Smoking

Purpose: To test whether an antismoking parenting program provided to parents who had quit smoking for ≥24 hours increased parents’ likelihood of remaining abstinent 2 and 3 years postbaseline. Design: Two-group randomized controlled trial with 3-year follow-up. Setting: Eleven states (Colorado, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, and Vermont). Participants: Five hundred seventy-seven adults (286 treatment and 291 control) who had smoked ≥10 cigarettes daily at baseline, had quit smoking for ≥24 hours after calling a Quitline, and were parents of an 8- to 10-year-old child; 358 (62%) completed the 2-year follow-up interview, and 304 (53%) completed the 3-year follow-up interview. Intervention: Theory-driven, home-based, self-help parenting program. Measures: Sociodemographic, smoking history, and 30-day point prevalence. Analysis: Multivariable regression analyses tested for group differences in 30-day abstinence. Attriters were coded as having relapsed. Results: Between-group differences in abstinence rates were 5.6% and 5.9% at 2 and 3 years, respectively. Treatment group parents had greater odds of abstinence, an effect that was significant only at the latter time point (odds ratio [OR] = 1.49, P = .075 at 2 years; OR = 1.70, P = .026 at 3 years). Conclusions: This study obtained preliminary evidence that engaging parents who recently quit smoking as agents of antismoking socialization of children has the potential to reduce the long-term odds of relapse.

scholarly journals Tobacco chippers seeking assistance for smoking cessation: a case series

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-237
Author(s):  
Gabriel Natan Pires ◽  
Luciana Rizzieri Figueiró ◽  
Maristela Ferigolo ◽  
Helena Maria Tannhauser Barros ◽  
Denise Conceição Mesquita Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Perceived Health Status ◽  
Regular Group ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Therapy Interventions

OBJECTIVE: To describe a series of cases of tobacco chippers (TCs) who sought assistance for smoking cessation. DESCRIPTION OF CASES: We describe the case of three TCs who participated in a free quit-smoking support group. Smokers answered self-administered questionnaires covering sociodemographic data, smoking history, nicotine dependence, perceived health status, and motivational stages. Of the 183 smokers enrolled in the program, three (1.6%) were considered TCs. All three were women and reported alcohol use, although at low frequencies. Two of them reported the presence of potentially tobacco-related disease. All TCs presented light nicotine dependence and reported difficulties quitting smoking. All dropped out after the first group meeting. COMMENTS: This study describes a subgroup of smokers not extensively described in the literature: TCs seeking assistance for smoking cessation, with some degree of nicotine dependence, and who do not adhere to regular group therapy. Interventions aimed at this population may be an interesting strategy for smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Motivations for Smoking Cessation and the Impact of Regulatory Tax Increases Amongst Fathers within the Pacific Islands Families Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Shadan Tautolo ◽  
Leon Iusitini ◽  
Steve Taylor ◽  
Janis Paterson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
High Smoking Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

Aims: To examine the prevalence of smoking, motivations for cessation, and impact of tobacco excise tax increases amongst a cohort of Pacific fathers at 11 years after the birth of their child.Methods: Within the context of broader interviews, 723 Pacific fathers participating in the Pacific Islands Families (PIF) Study were surveyed about their smoking at the 11-year measurement point. Prevalence of smoking was calculated, alongside motivations to quit, and the impact of increases to the excise tax on tobacco.Results: Smoking prevalence amongst Pacific fathers remains high (38%) at 11 years postpartum, although 81% of smokers disclosed interest in quitting smoking. The strongest motivation to quit smoking was their ‘own health’ (n = 185, 82%), followed by ‘the cost’ (n = 148, 66%), and the impact on ‘their child's health’ (n = 113, 50%). Among smokers, 12% (n = 31) had never attempted to quit, whereas 63% (n = 159) had made multiple attempts. Approximately 70% (n = 191) of smokers indicated the New Zealand Government-initiated tobacco excise tax increases caused them to reduce their tobacco consumption.Conclusions: High smoking prevalence amongst this cohort raises serious concerns about the risks Pacific families and communities face from smoking. Maintaining a sustained series of tobacco excise tax increases, alongside the utilisation of information on key motivators for Pacific fathers to quit smoking, may prove more effective in supporting Pacific communities to achieve the New Zealand Government's Smokefree 2025 goal.

scholarly journals GENDER-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN CLINICAL COURSE OF CROHN’S DISEASE IN AN ASIAN POPULATION: a retrospective cohort review

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siu-tong LAW ◽  
Kin Kong LI
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Increased Risk

ContextData from Asian populations about gender-related differences in Crohn’s disease are few.ObjectivesThis study was to analyze the clinical characteristics between women and men affected by Crohn’s disease.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study to analyze consecutive Crohn’s disease patients from Jan 2000 to Dec 2012. Clinical and phenotypic characteristics and treatment outcomes were evaluated.Results79 patients (55 male and two of them with positive family history) were diagnosed with Crohn’s disease. Ileocolonic disease and inflammatory lesion was the most dominant site of involvement and disease behavior respectively in both men and women. Apart from higher frequency of nausea (45.83 vs 23.64%, P 0.024) and lower body mass index (19.44 vs 22.03 kg/m2, P 0.003) reported in women, no significant gender-related differences in clinical characteristics were observed. Women were more associated with delay use of immunosuppressive therapy (12 vs 36 months, P = 0.028), particularly for those aged less than 40 years old (85 vs 62.6%,P = 0.023). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that active smoking (HR, 4.679; 95% CI, 1.03-21.18) and delayed use of immunosuppressive therapy (HR, 4.13; 95% CI, 1.01-16.88) were only independent risk factors associated with increased risk of complications.ConclusionsThere were no significant gender-specific differences in clinical and phenotypic characteristics between male and female Crohn’s disease patients. Smoking history and delay use of immunosuppressive therapy were associated with higher risk of complications.

scholarly journals Use of heated tobacco products by people with chronic diseases: The 2019 JASTIS study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260154
Author(s):  
Chikako Nakama ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Internet Study

Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have become popular recently. People with chronic disease, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer, should quit smoking for treatment and recurrence of tobacco-related diseases. However, they have difficulty in quitting smoking, and they may start HTPs use to quit smoking. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of HTPs in people with chronic disease. We used data from an internet study, the Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey (JASTIS). We analyzed 9,008 respondents aged 15–73 years in 2019 using logistic regression. Current use of tobacco products was defined as use within the previous 30 days. Prevalence of current HTP use including dual use and dual use with cigarettes was 9.0% and 6.1% respectively in total. By disease: hypertension 10.2% and 7.4%, diabetes 15.9% and 12.3%, CVD 19.2% and 15.7%, COPD 40.5% and 33.3%, and cancer 17.5% and 11.9%. Diabetes, CVD, COPD, and cancer were positively associated with current use of HTPs (odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.48 (1.06, 2.07), 2.29 (1.38, 3.80), 3.97(1.73, 9.11), and 3.58(1.99, 6.44), respectively) and dual use of cigarettes and HTPs (ORs and 95% CIs: 2.23 (1.61, 3.09), 3.58 (2.29, 5.60), 7.46 (3.76, 14.80), and 2.57 (1.46, 4.55), respectively) after adjusting for confounders. People with chronic disease were more likely to use HTPs and HTPs together with cigarettes. Further research on the smoking situation of HTPs in patients with chronic diseases is necessary.

scholarly journals Multiple Myeloma, Clinical Characteristics, and Increased COVID-19 Risk Using Real-World Data

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3778-3778
Author(s):  
Emily I. Liu ◽  
Nathan W. Sweeney ◽  
Jennifer M. Ahlstrom
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Severe Case ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Real World Data

Abstract Background: A question that was commonly investigated during the COVID-19 pandemic was which clinical characteristics would make one more susceptible to contracting COVID-19? This was especially a concern for those who were considered "high risk" as they would be more prone to suffering from more severe COVID-19 symptoms and at times even death. In this abstract, we investigated which clinical characteristics of multiple myeloma (MM) cancer patients could make them more prone to contracting COVID-19. We also investigated which of these conditions make patients more at risk for experiencing more severe COVID-19 symptoms (PMID: 32950467, PMID: 32353254). Knowing what medical conditions that would make a patient more at risk for contracting or experiencing a more severe case of COVID-19 has been a concern for many, especially for those who suffer from more severe health conditions such as cancer. Methods: MM patient data and demographics were collected through HealthTree ® Cure Hub for Multiple Myeloma. We analyzed medical conditions including hypertension, heart condition, neuropathy condition, and BMI. We also looked into lung condition, kidney condition, diabetes, stroke, smoking history, drug use history, HIV, and Mediterranean descent but did not include in the figure due to small population sizes. We determined whether a patient had to be hospitalized, admitted to the ICU, needed oxygen therapy, or needed a D-dimer test as a severe COVID-19 case. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to quantify the risk for contracting COVID-19 for patients with specific medical conditions and which medical conditions made COVID-19 positive patients more at risk for experiencing a more severe case of COVID-19. Results: Out of the 962 patients that were involved in this study, we found that patients who were overweight were 2% more likely to contract COVID-19 than those who were not overweight. Other medical conditions did not increase the risk of contracting COVID-19. Furthermore, there were 35 patients that were involved in investigating how certain medical conditions may affect the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. We found that overweight patients were 12% more likely to suffer from more severe COVID-19 than those not overweight. Patients who suffered from neuropathy conditions were 3% more likely to experience a more severe COVID-19 case than those who do not have that condition. It is important to note that these results were not statistically significant, although are still informative. Conclusion: Our results show that MM patients who are overweight have a greater tendency to not only contract COVID-19 but experience a more severe case of COVID-19. Somewhat surprisingly, we found that patients who experience neuropathy, common among MM patients, had a higher tendency to experience a more severe case of COVID-19. We speculate whether MM patients, a high-risk group due to their immunocompromised state, took extra care to follow safety recommendations and caution to avoid contracting COVID-19. A logical next step would be to compare medical condition interactions to examine whether patients with more than one condition experience additive or synergistic risk, as well as comparing out results to other high-risk groups. These findings, although not statistically significant, may help MM patients identify which of their own medical conditions may put them more at risk for contracting COVID-19 and thus take precautionary measures. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Ahlstrom: Takeda: Other: Patient Advisory; Pfizer: Other: Patient Advisory; Janssen: Other: Patient Advisory; Bristol Myers Squibb: Other: Patient Advisory.

Household Smoking Situations and Factors Associated with Smoking Cessation among Adult Men in Coastal Fishing Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Community Research ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Quitting Smoking

Objective: To investigate household smoking situations and factors associated with cessation, focusing on adult male smokers in low socioeconomic coastal fishing communities in southern Thailand. Materials and Methods: An epidemiological community cross-sectional approach was conducted in 371 adult male smokers aged between 20 and 60 years. A self-administered questionnaire was applied to gather the data. Demographic characteristics, household smoking, smoking history, smoking behaviors, and pulmonary symptom data were collected by the community research assistants. Statistical computing was performed with R studio, and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The household smoking prevalence was 23.5%. Most smokers were categorized as having high pack-years, and the lowest age at first smoking was ten years old. Imitation and impetuous behaviors were the major leading causes of becoming a new smoker. The number of cigarettes smoked daily was the highest among individuals with more than 20 pack-years. Eighty-four-point-one percent of smokers desired to quit smoking for personal health reasons. Smokers in the 51 to 60 years age group were 49.62 times as likely as adolescents to cease smoking. Participants who first started smoking when they were older than 17 years of age had a 3.56-times higher chance of quitting smoking than those who started smoking when they were younger than 15 years of age (95% CI 1.51 to 8.37). Conclusion: The smoking situation in the coastal fishing communities of the southernmost provinces of Thailand is a worrisome problem. Smoking prevalence remains high, with prevalence increasing with age, and newer smokers starting at younger ages. A high proportion of smokers intended to cease smoking. Therefore, smoking cessation programs would be essential in the present study area. Keywords: Smoking situation, Cessation, Coastal fishing community, Southernmost Thailand

scholarly journals Changes in the Clinical Characteristics of 62 Patients Who Died from Coronavirus Disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jingli Chen ◽  
Jishi Ye ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Zhongyuan Xia ◽  
Hong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Clinical Changes

Background. Since the first reports of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the virus has spread to other parts of China and across the world. Although a few studies have assessed the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the changes in clinical characteristics during disease progression remain unclear. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 62 patients who died from COVID-19 at the Central Hospital of Wuhan between January 26 and February 17, 2020. We compared the clinical features on admission and at the last follow-up before death. Results. Of the 62 patients with COVID-19, 41 (66%) patients were male, and 21 (34%) were female. The median age was 72 years (interquartile range (IQR), 54-88), and 45 (72.5%) patients had preexisting conditions. The median time from symptom onset to the first visit at the clinic was three days, while the median time from symptom onset to death was 18.5 days. During disease progression, the amounts of arterial gases worsened, and liver, renal, and heart dysfunction was observed. Due to the cytokine storm, infection-related biomarkers, including lactic acid, C-reactive protein, and interleukine-6, gradually worsened during hospitalization. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that during hospitalization, many COVID-19 patients experienced multiple organ dysfunction and cytokine storm. The time from symptom onset to death was only 18.5 days, highlighting the disease’s rapid progression. The better understanding of the clinical changes during disease progression might provide further insight into the COVID-19 pathophysiology.

On the Front Line of Smoking Cessation: Pharmacists' Practices and Self-Perception

2005 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Brewster ◽  
Mary Jane Ashley ◽  
Claudine Laurier ◽  
Rachel Dioso ◽  
J. Charles Victor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Patient Counselling ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Patient Interaction ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Knowledge Practice ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Brief Advice

Background: Pharmacists can be effective in helping patients to quit smoking, and opportunities for such interaction have been facilitated by legislative change making nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) available without prescription in Canada. However, there are no previous studies of Canadian pharmacists' preparation for, perception of, or practices regarding their roles in smoking cessation. Methods: Practising community pharmacists in four Canadian provinces were surveyed about their tobacco-related education and knowledge, practice environment, perceptions of their roles and practices related to helping people quit smoking, and factors perceived to facilitate tobacco-related practice. Results: A corrected response rate of 72% was obtained, giving a weighted n of 960 responses. Most pharmacists reported good or excellent knowledge of the health effects of smoking and the use of NRT in smoking cessation. Fewer reported being knowledgeable about behavioural approaches to quitting smoking. Advising patients about NRT was seen as a more important role for pharmacists than giving patients pamphlets or behavioural counselling. Pharmacists' reported practices corresponded to their knowledge and judged importance of roles; pharmacists were not proactive in approaching patients about smoking, but when smokers were identified, pharmacists gave brief advice about the use of NRT. Respondents reported that their smoking cessation practice was facilitated by their own knowledge and skills, patients' interest in quitting, opportunities for patient interaction, and the support of pharmacy management for patient counselling. Conclusions: Improving pharmacist education in patient counselling and behavioural approaches to smoking cessation would help to develop skills in initiating discussions about smoking and would give pharmacists a wider range of options to help patients quit smoking.

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