scholarly journals Enzymatic defense of Cyperus brevifolius in hydrocarbons stress environment and changes in soil properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paramita Chakravarty ◽  
Hemen Deka
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Experimental Trials

AbstractHydrocarbons or crude oil contamination of soil is still a burning problem around the globe. The herbs competent that are to survive in hydrocarbons contaminated habitats have some adaptive advantages to cope up with the adverse situations prevailing in that environment. In the present study, the adaptive response of Cyperus brevifolius in the heavily polluted soil with crude oil has been investigated in terms of survivability, changes in productivity, antioxidants, phytochemicals and functional group pro files of the plant species. Besides, changes in enzymes, beneficial bacterial population and physico-chemical conditions of contaminated soil were also studied during 60 days of experimental trials. The results showed significant enhancement in activities of soil dehydrogenase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, and amylase whereas reduction in cellulase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities. There was a significant increase in nitrogen fixing, phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacterial population, improvement in physico-chemical conditions and a decrease in total oil and grease (TOG) levels. Besides there was significant variations in the productivity parameters and antioxidant profiles of Cyperus brevifolius in hydrocarbons stress condition suggesting enzymatic defense of the herb. The fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis indicated uptake and metabolism of some hydrocarbon components by the experimental plant from the hydrocarbons polluted soil.

scholarly journals Understanding Biochemical Defense of Leucas Aspera in Crude Oil Polluted Habitat and Changes in Soil Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghali Kalita ◽  
Paramita Chakravarty ◽  
Hemen Deka
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Leucas Aspera ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Conditions

Abstract The response of an indigenous medicinal herb Leucas aspera in crude oil polluted habitat was studied. The productivity, antioxidants, phytochemical and functional group profiles of the plant species in stress conditions were investigated. Besides, changes in enzymes, beneficial bacterial populations and physico-chemical conditions and total oil and grease (TOG) contents in the contaminated soils were also studied. The results showed improvement in physico-chemical conditions, increase in beneficial bacterial population (4.1-5.4 folds) and decrease in TOG (31.3%) level of the contaminated soils by end of the experimental trials. The activities of dehydrogenase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, amylase and cellulase have increased in the range of 23.6-174.4% after introduction of L. aspera in the contaminated soils. Further, there were significant variations in leaf area index, chlorophyll and biomass contents of the experimental plant as against the initial level and control. Besides, the results also revealed significant deviations in the antioxidant and phytochemical profiles of L. aspera suggesting the enzymatic defense of the plant species in the crude oil contaminated soils. The fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis confirmed the uptake and metabolism of some hydrocarbon components by the experimental plant from the contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Mycoflora of Crude Oil Polluted Soils of Ukwa West of Abia State Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
J. M. Madu ◽  
A. I. Ogbonna ◽  
C. I. C. Ogbonna
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Starch Agar

Aim: Bioremediation of soil play a critical role in removing pollutants from crude oil polluted soil. To investigate the mycoflora of crude oil polluted area of Ukwa West Local Government in the present Abia State. Methodology: Portions of the soil samples collected from three (3) locations were plated out separately on Yeast Starch Agar, Starch Agar, and Cellulose Agar using soil plate methods. The culture plates were examined after 5-7 and 14 days for the presence of fungi. Pure cultures of the isolates were obtained by subculturing and the physico-chemical properties of the soil samples were determined using standard methods. Results: Twenty species (20) of fungi were isolated from the crude oil polluted soil sample and represented by their respective genera. Eight (8) species of Aspergillus representing 40%, two (2) species of Thermomyces representing 10% each, and one (1) species of Penicillium, Cladosporium, Cunninghamella, Curvularia, Trichoderma, Scopulariopsis, Sporotrichum and Basipetospora representing 5% each. Aspergillus species were predominant which include among others A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. parasiticus, A. oryzae, A. terreus. The physico-chemical properties of the soil sample were found to be varied and have affected the distribution and population of fungi. The pH values ranged from 4.81- 5.58 as compared to the control ranging from 5.72- 6.50 for soil samples A, B and C. The moisture content values ranged between 26.46-29.59% as compared to the control ranging from 29.41-32.51%. The soil was found to be high in organic matter content with values of 70.3-82.7% as compared to the control which was 94% for each of the locations. Conclusion: Crude oil polluted soils of Ukwa West of Abia State, Nigeria is rich in fungal biodiversity with the soil’s samples having different physico-chemical properties.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation potential of some abundantly growing indigenous herbs of crude oil contaminated sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
S. Akram ◽  
◽  
H. Deka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Total Oil

Aim: To study the total oil and grease (TOGs) removal potential of three abundant herb species of crude oil contaminated sites, namely Xanthium strumarium (L.), Ageratum conyzoides (L.) and Polygonum hydropiper (L.) from oil contaminated soils. Methodology: The pot experiment was carried out by taking soil samples of crude oil contaminated agricultural field. For each experimental plant, three replicas were maintained and a similar control setup was maintained without plants for comparing the results. Another control set up was maintained in non-contaminated soils to compare the plant growth parameters. Total oil and grease (TOG) contents, physico-chemical profiles of contaminated soil, plant growth/productivity parameters and functional groups were analyzed following the standard methods. Results: The results showed that total oil and grease (TOG) contents decreased significantly after treatments by plants against the initial level and control. Plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll contents and biomass were found to be lower in all the three plant species that were grown in contaminated soil as against the control treatment. The improved physico-chemical profiles of contaminated soil samples after treatment indicated the positive effect of plants in treated soil samples. FTIR data revealed difference in peak intensities and the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons in plants that were grown in oil-contaminated soils. Interpretation: The herb species Xanthium strumarium, Ageratum conyzoides and Polygonum hydropiper showed the potential for removal of hydrocarbons from crude oil contaminated soil. Key words: Crude oil, Hydrocarbons, Indigenous herbs, Phytoremediation

scholarly journals Biostimulatory Influence of Biochar on Degradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Impacted Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Michael E. Nkereuwem ◽  
Afeez O. Amoo ◽  
Adeniyi O. Adeleye ◽  
Hafsat S. Abubakar ◽  
Victor O. Onokebhagbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Wood Char ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Soil pollution caused by petroleum hydrocarbon and its derivatives has become a grave global issue. Physico-chemical techniques are often expensive. However, bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil is cost-effective. Therefore, the study was carried out to assess the biostimulatory influence of biochar on the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon impacted soil in NNPC Depot, kano state. Soil samples were randomly collected from the polluted site to obtain a composite sample. About 400 g of the polluted soil was filled into pots and arranged in a 2x2 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Bone and wood char was at 2 levels (0 and 50 g/pot) each. Data were collected on the physicochemical properties (pH, TN, and Av. P) of the soil, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), and bacterial population. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at α0. 05. Results obtained from the study show that biochar application significantly (p<0.05) enhanced TPH degradation and bacterial population in the polluted soil. However, Bone char significantly(p<0.05) enhanced TPH degradation and bacterial population the most compared to wood char. Combined bone and wood char application resulted in significantly (p<0.05) lower residual TPH content in the polluted soil compared to using bone or wood char alone. Thus, bone and wood char should be used in the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon impacted soils.

Viability of nematode eggs in high rate algal ponds: the effect of physico-chemical conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Araki ◽  
J. M. González ◽  
E. de Luis ◽  
E. Bécares
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Chemical Conditions

The viability of Parascaris equorum eggs was studied in two experimental pilot-scale high-rate algal ponds (HRAPs) working in parallel with 4 and 10 days hydraulic retention time respectively. Semi-permeable bags of cellulose (15000 daltons pore size) were used to study the effect of physico-chemical conditions on the survival of these helminth eggs. Three thousand eggs were used in each bag. Replicates of these bags were submerged for 4 and 10 days in the HRAPs and egg viability was compared with that in control bags submerged in sterile water. After 4 days exposure, 60% reduction in viability was achieved, reaching 90% after 10 days, much higher than the 16% and 25% found in the control bags for 4 and 10 days respectively. Ionic conditions of the HRAP may have been responsible for up to 50–60% of the egg mortality, suggesting that mortality due to the ionic environment could be more important than physical retention and other potential removal factors.

scholarly journals Compartmentalization of bacterial and fungal microbiomes in the gut of adult honeybees

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Callegari ◽  
Elena Crotti ◽  
Marco Fusi ◽  
Ramona Marasco ◽  
Elena Gonella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Phylotypes ◽  
Specific Variable ◽  
The Core ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe core gut microbiome of adult honeybee comprises a set of recurring bacterial phylotypes, accompanied by lineage-specific, variable, and less abundant environmental bacterial phylotypes. Several mutual interactions and functional services to the host, including the support provided for growth, hormonal signaling, and behavior, are attributed to the core and lineage-specific taxa. By contrast, the diversity and distribution of the minor environmental phylotypes and fungal members in the gut remain overlooked. In the present study, we hypothesized that the microbial components of forager honeybees (i.e., core bacteria, minor environmental phylotypes, and fungal members) are compartmentalized along the gut portions. The diversity and distribution of such three microbial components were investigated in the context of the physico-chemical conditions of different gut compartments. We observed that changes in the distribution and abundance of microbial components in the gut are consistently compartment-specific for all the three microbial components, indicating that the ecological and physiological interactions among the host and microbiome vary with changing physico-chemical and metabolic conditions of the gut.

scholarly journals Dissolved organic nutrients at the interface of fresh and marine waters: flow regime changes, biogeochemical cascades and picocyanobacterial blooms—the example of Florida Bay, USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Glibert ◽  
Cynthia A. Heil ◽  
Christopher J. Madden ◽  
Stephen P. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Florida Bay ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Organic Nutrients ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Favorable Conditions

AbstractThe availability of dissolved inorganic and organic nutrients and their transformations along the fresh to marine continuum are being modified by various natural and anthropogenic activities and climate-related changes. Subtropical central and eastern Florida Bay, located at the southern end of the Florida peninsula, is classically considered to have inorganic nutrient conditions that are in higher-than-Redfield ratio proportions, and high levels of organic and chemically-reduced forms of nitrogen. However, salinity, pH and nutrients, both organic and inorganic, change with changes in freshwater flows to the bay. Here, using a time series of water quality and physico-chemical conditions from 2009 to 2019, the impacts of distinct changes in managed flow, drought, El Niño-related increases in precipitation, and intensive storms and hurricanes are explored with respect to changes in water quality and resulting ecosystem effects, with a focus on understanding why picocyanobacterial blooms formed when they did. Drought produced hyper-salinity conditions that were associated with a seagrass die-off. Years later, increases in precipitation resulting from intensive storms and a hurricane were associated with high loads of organic nutrients, and declines in pH, likely due to high organic acid input and decaying organic matter, collectively leading to physiologically favorable conditions for growth of the picocyanobacterium, Synechococcus spp. These conditions, including very high concentrations of NH4+, were likely inhibiting for seagrass recovery and for growth of competing phytoplankton or their grazers. Given projected future climate conditions, and anticipated cycles of drought and intensive storms, the likelihood of future seagrass die-offs and picocyanobacterial blooms is high.

scholarly journals Crude oil polluted soil remediation using poultry dung (chicken manure)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 402-409
Author(s):  
Olusanya Emmanuel Oludele ◽  
Damilola Tope Ogundele ◽  
Kayode Odeniyi ◽  
Olayinka Shoyode
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Soil Remediation ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Chicken Manure
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