scholarly journals Extraction of Rhododendron arboreum Smith flowers from the forest for the livelihood and rural income in Garhwal Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Chauhan ◽  
Pankaj Lal ◽  
A. K. Shrama
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Garhwal Himalaya ◽  
Rhododendron Arboreum ◽  
Monetary Benefit ◽  
Flower Yield ◽  
Local Populace

AbstractRhododendron arboreum locally known as ‘Burans', that bears magnificent flowers is one of the valuable non timber forest produces (NTFPs) in Garhwal Himalaya. These flowers are good source of income for local populace and help them to their subsistence up to some extent. R. arboreum flower can help local population to improve their livelihoods if potential harvesting is carried out sustainably. An attempt has been made to estimate the flower yield, examine extraction techniques, marketing trends and various uses of flowers. Stratified random sampling method was carried out in eight sites varying in altitudes and geographic locations. Flower yield kg/ha for each site was calculated as standard process. Questionnaire based survey was carried out in selected villages for flower extraction and marketing trends. Projections of potential (probable/-could generate) income were made and cost–benefit analysis was also estimated. Tree density of R. arboreum ranked first and Q. leucotrichophora had second rank while 16–25 cm cbh class tree density for R. arboreum was found highest across the sites. Flower yield was significantly (p < 0.001) higher at Khirsu site with 26–35 and 46–55 cm cbh class. There was positively significant correlation (n = 446, p < 0.001, r = 0.53) between flower yield and actual cbh. Flower yield has a direct relation with size of tree whereas yield has been less impacted by the sites. Average yield of flowers across the sites was about 25.3 ton/ha. On average 30% households are engaged in the extraction and trade activities with the extraction rate of 25–350 kg/household/year. A net household income of Rs. 6000–37,000 (89–545 USD) per year was computed from Rhododendron flower extraction and marketing business. The total monetary benefit was significantly higher than the inputs for all value added items on a per day basis. R. arboreum plays important role in ecological and economic sustainability of poor rural people and unemployed youths in Himalayan region. This can reduce unemployment through development of small cottage industry and entrepreneurship at village level by making different food products i.e. juice, squash, sauce and pickle etc.

scholarly journals The Application of Economic Value Added on Green Facilities of Urban Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Kuo Wei Hsu ◽  
Shang Zhen Liao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Value Added ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Production And Consumption

Green facilities of urban agriculture offer a fertile ground for green innovation, such as rooftop gardens, green curtains, and indoor plant growing, which create a new forms of urban farming economy. The previous studies for cost-benefit analysis of urban agriculture indicated that green facilities could contribute both quantitative and qualitative benefits. The value of green facility strategies of urban agriculture may often be underestimated without transforming qualitative benefits to quantitative benefits. This study examined the effects of green facilities of urban agriculture development in Taiwan. The market reaction was explored by adopting economic value added (EVA) technique for the measurement of both quantitative and qualitative value contributed by green facilities. The results from this study support that there exists interaction between qualitative factors such as indirect economic benefits and social psychological benefits and quantitative factors, agricultural production and energy saving impacted by green facilities. The study concluded that consumers of urban agricultural crops are willing to pay more for eco-friendly products. The establishment of relationship between urban agricultural production and consumption can contribute to sustainability while generating economic opportunities.

scholarly journals Towards a Synthesis of Semi-Input-Output and Little-Mirrlees: A Social Cost-Benefit Analysis with Multiplier Effects of An Irrigation Project in Northwest Malaysia

1979 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-185
Author(s):  
Clive Bell ◽  
Siiantayanan Devarajan
Keyword(s):  
Social Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Shadow Prices ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Downstream Effects ◽  
The Right

An investment project has effects on the incomes of households, firms and government , not only directly through the value added produced by the project it9Cif, but also by inducing additional output through inter-industry linkages and expenditures out of the extra incomes accruing to its beneficiaries. The latter, sometimes called the "multiplier" or "downstream" effects of a project , have been discussed in some of the recent literature on social cost benefit analysis [6, II]. These contributions have been concerned with the "multiplier" or "downstream" effects of projects, and with the derivation of shadow prices which capture all such effects in full. If these shadow prices are correctly calculated, so it is asserted, then valuing a project 's direct inputs and outputs at these prices yields the right measure of its social profitability . This approach is in the spirit of, and consistent with , that of the various manuals on social cost• benefit analysis [9. 13, 16] .

Trade and Industrialisation Revisited (The Iqbal Memorial Lecture)

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4I) ◽  
pp. 359-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. D. Little
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Book Industry ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Export Policies ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Development Literature

In 1970 the book Industry and Trade in Some Developing Countries by myself, Tibor Scitovsky and Maurice Scott was published (referred to henceforth as LSS). It exposed the bad effects of the import substitution policies which had been the prevailing mode of industrialisation in developing countries for a long time. It advocated the elimination of quotas and a uniform tariff of 10-15 percent. The exchange rate should be adjusted to ensure that exports were competitive. If any industry was, exceptionally, to receive more promotion than that implied by the low tariff, this should be by some form of subsidisation which should not exceed another 10-15 percent of domestic value-added. LSS is, I believe, still the most quoted work on the subject. l It was quite closely related in theory to the methods of cost-benefit analysis proposed by Little and Mirrlees (1974) (referred to henceforth as LM). While the influence of LSS on the development literature was extensive, neither it nor LM would seem to have had any influence whatever on the policies of most developing countries for a decade. This is, perhaps, the normal fate of policyoriented books. Korea and Taiwan continued with the export policies they had already initiated. Admittedly these policies eliminated the bias against exports inherent in protective policies, a bias that LSS had castigated. But Korea, and to a lesser extent Taiwan, also reverted in the 1970s to the selective promotion of some mainly capital intensive industries (referred to as Heavy and Chemical Industiies (HCI) in Korea) producing tradables. In Korea, towards the end of the 1970s, it is possible that LSS played some part in the modification of the HCI drive. But only in Chile was the policy of a low uniform tariff, as advocated by LSS, wholly adopted. Chile has stuck to this policy.

Do small public grants boost tourism firms’ performance?

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662199443
Author(s):  
Stjepan Srhoj ◽  
Vanja Vitezić ◽  
Janette Walde
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
The One ◽  
Grant Scheme ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Positive Effect

This study provides new evidence on the impact of tourism grants for service-standard improvement on tourism firm performance. Small matching grants provided to firms in two economically different regions are considered. We study additionality caused by the grants in the performance indicators of firms while taking into account regional heterogeneity and differing tourism demand. In the context of tourism firms in Croatia, we estimate the causal effect via a matching difference-in-differences estimator. We find a positive effect on tourism firm sales, value-added, capital, and labor in the region with higher tourism demand but not in the one with lower tourism demand. A cost–benefit analysis suggests that, in more developed regions, the benefits of the grant scheme for tourism outweigh the grant’s direct costs.

scholarly journals Use of the cost-benefit analysis method in the risk management process of SMEs

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 03019
Author(s):  
Katarina Makka ◽  
Katarina Kampova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Risk Management Process ◽  
The Cost

Research background: Property protection is a worldwide very often used term in the conditions of various sectors. It represents a set of measures that have a preventive effect on the risk of damage to the building. The issue of property protection does not only concern organizations, but also every person who is the owner of a property in which his important interests are located. The protection of buildings is a current topic on a global scale, mainly to ensure the proper functioning through the protection of all important tangible and intangible assets of company. Purpose of the article: The main idea of this article is to approach the issue and create a risk management process, focusing on dealing with risks in the conditions of a particular company, in this step we will use a cost-benefit analysis to help decide on the implementation or rejection of a project to protect the selected object. Methods: Before applying the method of cost-benefit analysis to a specific case of protection of the object of the selected company, it was necessary to characterize the selected company and find out which risks are unacceptable through the creation of a risk management process. The risk management process was created based on structured and unstructured interviews with the company’s employees. Findings & Value added: The proposed procedure for risk management and application of the method of cost-benefit analysis in the process of risk management are applicable in the conditions of any other organization in order to create an effective project for the protection of the object. If necessary, the procedure for using the cost-benefit analysis method can be adjusted to suit the needs and conditions of the problem of a particular organization.

scholarly journals Antecedents And Consequences Of Foreign Direct Investment And International Procurement Through A General Strategic Management Lens

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Anne Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences

Since multiple perspectives and dynamic national environments can be applied to explain how value is created in an international context, multinational firms need analytical guidelines when facing procurement and production decisions concerning various worldwide locations for value-added chain activities such as marketing, production, distribution, and after sales service. The ultimate aim of this research was to abstract and empirically test a realistic but fairly simple localization framework to facilitate the design of an information system that supports a cost-benefit analysis based on legal requirements, value chain activities, and product costs. A balance was sought between inclusiveness and minimalism in the development of a normative model for implementation of dynamic strategic planning and control programs. The data show the participants behavior is significantly influenced by all three elements supporting the value-added localization model and validating the holistic approach put forth by Lecraw & Morrison (1991).

scholarly journals Value Added Tax and price stability in Nigeria: A partial equilibrium analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Ikpe ◽  
Alwell Nteegah
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Partial Equilibrium ◽  
Price Stability ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
The Social ◽  
Partial Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Static Form

The economic impact of Value Added Tax (VAT) that was implemented in Nigeria in 1994 has generated much debate in recent times, especially with respect to its effect on the level of aggregate prices. This study empirically examines the influence of VAT on price stability in Nigeria using partial equilibrium analysis. We introduced the VAT variable in the framework of a combination of structuralist, monetarist and fiscalist approaches to inflation modelling. The analysis was carried out by applying multiple regression analysis in static form to data for the 1994-2010 period. The results reveal that VAT exerts a strong upward pressure on price levels, most likely due to the burden of VAT on intermediate outputs. The study rules out the option of VAT exemptions for intermediate outputs as a solution, due to the difficulty in distinguishing between intermediate and final outputs. Instead, it recommends a detailed post-VAT cost-benefit analysis to assess the social desirability of VAT policy in Nigeria.

scholarly journals The impact assessment of the EU pre-accession funds on agriculture and food companies: The Croatian case

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. e0107
Author(s):  
Marin Kukoč ◽  
Bruno Skrinjaric ◽  
Josip Juračak
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Aim of study: This paper evaluates the effect of pre-accession EU grants on beneficiaries in the agri-food sector using a quasi-experimental approach on the case of Croatia. An insight into the available literature reveals a lack of rigorous research and evaluation of the results of using these funds in Croatia as well as in other beneficiary countries.Area of study: Republic of Croatia, Europe (2006–2017).Material and methods: Two datasets were used: (1) financial and structural data on the population of Croatian enterprises for the 2003–2017 period, and (2) data on SAPARD and IPARD grants in the 2007–2016 period. Data were analyzed using counterfactual impact analysis, i.e., a combination of difference-in-difference approach and propensity score matching.Main results: The grants showed to have a positive effect on firm survival, as well as positive effects on obtaining bank loans and increasing turnover, value added, employment, and total factor productivity. Heterogeneous treatment effects show that the grants resulted in the greatest additionality for micro-sized firms located in Central Croatia. Cost-benefit analysis estimates an increase in the value added, which outweighs scheme-induced costs by 120% in the short run and 90% in the mid run.Research highlights: Pre-accession programs in Croatia had a positive impact on the beneficiaries’ growth and business performance indicators in both short and mid term. This paper also promotes the application of similar research in other EU candidate countries where the same or similar funds are implemented.

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