scholarly journals Exposure to airborne cadmium and breast cancer stage, grade and histology at diagnosis: findings from the E3N cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Amadou ◽  
Delphine Praud ◽  
Thomas Coudon ◽  
Aurélie M. N. Danjou ◽  
Elodie Faure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Tubular Carcinoma ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Estrogenic Properties ◽  
Nested Case Control

AbstractMolecular studies suggest that cadmium due to its estrogenic properties, might play a role in breast cancer (BC) progression. However epidemiological evidence is limited. This study explored the association between long-term exposure to airborne cadmium and risk of BC by stage, grade of differentiation, and histological types at diagnosis. A nested case–control study of 4401 cases and 4401 matched controls was conducted within the French E3N cohort. A Geographic Information System (GIS)-based metric demonstrated to reliably characterize long-term environmental exposures was employed to evaluate airborne exposure to cadmium. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. There was no relationship between cadmium exposure and stage of BC. Also, no association between cadmium exposure and grade of differentiation of BC was observed. However, further analyses by histological type suggested a positive association between cadmium and risk of invasive tubular carcinoma (ITC) BC [ORQ5 vs Q1 = 3.4 (95% CI 1.1–10.7)]. The restricted cubic spline assessment suggested a dose–response relationship between cadmium and ITC BC subtype. Our results do not support the hypothesis that airborne cadmium exposure may play a role in advanced BC risk, but suggest that cadmium may be associated with an increased risk of ITC.

scholarly journals Exposure to airborne cadmium and breast cancer stage, grade and histology at diagnosis: Findings from the E3N cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Amadou ◽  
Delphine Praud ◽  
Thomas Coudon ◽  
Aurélie M N Danjou ◽  
Elodie Faure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Tubular Carcinoma ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Airborne Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Nested Case Control

Abstract Purpose Molecular and cellular studies reported a role of cadmium in risk of advanced breast cancer (BC). However epidemiological evidence is limited. Our previous study suggests that cadmium might be related to a decreased risk of ER- and ER-PR- breast tumors. In this study, we further explored the association between long-term exposure to airborne cadmium and risk of BC by stage, grade of differentiation, and histological types at diagnosis. Methods A nested case-control study of 4,401 cases and 4,401 matched controls was conducted within the French E3N cohort. A Geographic Information System (GIS) based metric was employed to evaluate outdoor airborne exposure to cadmium. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. Results There was no statistically significant association between cadmium exposure and stage of BC in the multivariable analyses. The adjusted ORs for the fifth versus first quintile were 1.02 (95% CI: 0.83–1.25), 1.11 (95% CI: 0.84–1.49), and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.37–1.24) for stages I, II, and III-IV BC, respectively. The subgroup analyses showed no statistically significant association between cadmium exposure and grade of differentiation of BC at diagnosis. However, further analyses by histological type suggested a positive dose-response association between cadmium and risk of invasive tubular carcinoma (ITC) BC (OR for the fifth versus first quintile = 3.44 (95% CI: 1.10–10.7)). Conclusions Our results do not support the hypothesis that airborne cadmium exposure may have a role in advanced BC risk, but suggest that cadmium may be associated with an increased risk of ITC. However, these results should be considered with caution, and more epidemiological studies are needed to confirm our findings and to improve our understanding of the effects of cadmium exposure according to several clinic-pathological characteristics of BC.

Association between statin use and the risks of glaucoma in Australia: a 10-year cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2021-318789
Author(s):  
Yixiong Yuan ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xianwen Shang ◽  
Ruilin Xiong ◽  
Jason Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression Model ◽  
The People ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Statin Use

SynopsisIn a cohort of middle-aged and elderly Australians, we found that long-term statin use was associated with a higher risk of glaucoma onset. As to subtypes of statins, the increased risk was only found in rosuvastatin users.PurposeTo investigate the relationship between statin use and glaucoma onset in a 10-year longitudinal study.MethodsThis nested case–control study was based on data from a large-scale cohort of Australians aged over 45 years old. Medication exposure was identified by claims records from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme during the follow-up period (2009–2016). The onset of glaucoma was defined as the people with at least three claims of antiglaucoma medications. Controls matched by age, gender and cardiovascular diseases were selected from participants without prescription of antiglaucoma medications. A conditional logistic regression model was used to assess the association between statin use and glaucoma onset.ResultsThe proportion of statin users was higher in the case group (40.5%) than that in the control group (38.4%). After adjusting for baseline characteristics and longitudinal claims records, statin use was not associated with glaucoma onset (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.11). However, an increased risk of glaucoma onset was observed in participants with a longer duration of statin use (>3 years vs <1 year: OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.21). With respect to specific types of statins, participants taking rosuvastatin were more likely to suffer from glaucoma (OR 1.11, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.22). The use of other statins was not significantly associated with glaucoma onset.ConclusionsLong-term statin use was found to be associated with a higher risk of glaucoma onset in this study. Regarding specific types of statins, the increased risk of glaucoma onset was only observed in users of rosuvastatin.

scholarly journals Serum IGFBP-2 and Risk of Atypical Hyperplasia of the Breast

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Catsburg ◽  
Marc J. Gunter ◽  
Lesley Tinker ◽  
Rowan T. Chlebowski ◽  
Michael Pollak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Atypical Hyperplasia ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Nonsignificant Decrease ◽  
Control Study

Atypical hyperplasia of the breast (AH) is associated with increased risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer, yet little is known about the etiology of AH. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) may contribute to the development of AH due to its proliferative effects on mammary tissue. We conducted a nested case-control study of postmenopausal women enrolled in Women’s Health Initiative-Clinical Trial. Cases were 275 women who developed incident AH during follow-up, individually (1 : 1) matched to controls. Levels of IGFBP-2 were determined from fasting serum collected at baseline. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for the association of IGFBP-2 with risk of AH. Serum IGFBP-2 was associated with a nonsignificant decrease in risk for AH, when comparing the highest quartile to lowest quartile (OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.32–1.31). This decrease in risk was most evident when analyses were restricted to nondiabetic, nonusers of hormone therapy (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.13–0.86,ptrend= 0.06) and nondiabetic women who were overweight or obese (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.18–1.03,ptrend= 0.05). Results from this study provide some support for an inverse association between serum IGFBP2 levels and risk of AH, particularly in nondiabetic women who are overweight or obese. Further studies are required to confirm these results.

scholarly journals Children’s erythrocyte fatty acids are associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Niinistö ◽  
◽  
Iris Erlund ◽  
Hye-Seung Lee ◽  
Ulla Uusitalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Islet Autoimmunity ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
High Genetic Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Nested Case Control

AbstractOur aim was to investigate the associations between erythrocyte fatty acids and the risk of islet autoimmunity in children. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young Study (TEDDY) is a longitudinal cohort study of children at high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes (n = 8676) born between 2004 and 2010 in the U.S., Finland, Sweden, and Germany. A nested case–control design comprised 398 cases with islet autoimmunity and 1178 sero-negative controls matched for clinical site, family history, and gender. Fatty acids composition was measured in erythrocytes collected at the age of 3, 6, and 12 months and then annually up to 6 years of age. Conditional logistic regression models were adjusted for HLA risk genotype, ancestry, and weight z-score. Higher eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acid (n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) levels during infancy and conjugated linoleic acid after infancy were associated with a lower risk of islet autoimmunity. Furthermore, higher levels of some even-chain saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were associated with increased risk. Fatty acid status in early life may signal the risk for islet autoimmunity, especially n − 3 fatty acids may be protective, while increased levels of some SFAs and MUFAs may precede islet autoimmunity.

Antibiotic exposure and risk of breast cancer: A causal association or a skyfall?

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12524-e12524
Author(s):  
Anna Koumarianou ◽  
Efrosyni D Manali ◽  
Archontoula Fragou ◽  
Panagiotis Katsaounis ◽  
Georgia Bouga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Single Cancer ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Sparse Methods ◽  
Age Of Menarche

e12524 Background: Although it has long been hypothesized that the use of antibiotics may increase the risk of breast cancer, through effects on inflammation, immunity and gastrointestinal microflora that alter the metabolism of phytochemicals, clinical data on this association are sparse. Methods: Matched case-control study among 158 women with newly diagnosed primary invasive breast cancer from a single cancer unit and 158 age-matched controls (± 12 months) from healthy individuals accompanying patients to the outpatient clinics between January 1, 2006 and December 30, 2007. Clinical examination and a standard questionnaire for the collection of baseline characteristics and known aggravating factors, such as body mass index, smoking, age of menarche and menopause, parity, breastfeeding, history of respiratory, urinary or other infections and previous estrogen use, were carried out in all individuals. All antibiotic classes, such as β-lactams, amoxyl and clavulanic acid, cephalosporins, macrolides, quinolones, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, clindamycin and imidazoles, were recorded. Type of antibiotic and dose was ascertained from health insurance’s pharmacy records. Data were analyzed using multivariable conditional logistic regression models including adjustments for potential confounding factors. Results: The age matched groups of patients and controls were found to have statistically significant differences in the considered parameters such as delayed age of menopause, less parity and less smoking in the control group and more antibiotic intake in the patient population. The cumulative use for more than 21 days of any antibiotic classes were found to statistically significant correlate with increased risk of breast cancer [odds ratio(OR):3.5, 95%confidence interval(CI):1.7-7.3, p=0.001]. By subanalyses according to antibiotic class this increased risk was mainly associated with β-lactams (OR:11.4, 95%CI:3.8, 34.1, p<0.001) and less with macrolides (OR:2.8, 95%CI:1.1-7.5, p=0.039). Conclusions: Our study links β-lactam and macrolide consumption with increased breast cancer risk but further investigation of this association in large cohorts together with exploration of the underlying cause are needed.

scholarly journals Urinary Phthalate Biomarker Concentrations and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 1059-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine W Reeves ◽  
Mary Díaz Santana ◽  
JoAnn E Manson ◽  
Susan E Hankinson ◽  
R Thomas Zoeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nested Case Control

Abstract Background Growing laboratory and animal model evidence supports the potentially carcinogenic effects of some phthalates, chemicals used as plasticizers in a wide variety of consumer products, including cosmetics, medications, and vinyl flooring. However, prospective data on whether phthalates are associated with human breast cancer risk are lacking. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study within the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) prospective cohort (n = 419 invasive case subjects and 838 control subjects). Control subjects were matched 2:1 to case subjects on age, enrollment date, follow-up time, and WHI study group. We quantified 13 phthalate metabolites and creatinine in two or three urine samples per participant over one to three years. Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for breast cancer risk associated with each phthalate biomarker up to 19 years of follow-up. Results Overall, we did not observe statistically significant positive associations between phthalate biomarkers and breast cancer risk in multivariable analyses (eg, 4th vs 1st quartile of diethylhexyl phthalate, OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.91 to 1.17). Results were generally similar in analyses restricted to disease subtypes, to nonusers of postmenopausal hormone therapy, stratified by body mass index, or to case subjects diagnosed within three, five, or ten years. Conclusions In the first prospective analysis of phthalates and postmenopausal breast cancer, phthalate biomarker concentrations did not result in an increased risk of developing invasive breast cancer.

scholarly journals Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m3873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Vinogradova ◽  
Carol Coupland ◽  
Julia Hippisley-Cox
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Index Date ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nested Case Control

Abstract Objective To assess the risks of breast cancer associated with different types and durations of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Design Two nested case-control studies. Setting UK general practices contributing to QResearch or Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), linked to hospital, mortality, social deprivation, and cancer registry (QResearch only) data. Participants 98 611 women aged 50-79 with a primary diagnosis of breast cancer between 1998 and 2018, matched by age, general practice, and index date to 457 498 female controls. Main outcome measures Breast cancer diagnosis from general practice, mortality, hospital, or cancer registry records. Odds ratios for HRT types, adjusted for personal characteristics, smoking status, alcohol consumption, comorbidities, family history, and other prescribed drugs. Separate results from QResearch or CPRD were combined. Results Overall, 33 703 (34%) women with a diagnosis of breast cancer and 134 391 (31%) controls had used HRT prior to one year before the index date. Compared with never use, in recent users (<5 years) with long term use (≥5 years), oestrogen only therapy and combined oestrogen and progestogen therapy were both associated with increased risks of breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio 1.15 (95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.21) and 1.79 (1.73 to 1.85), respectively). For combined progestogens, the increased risk was highest for norethisterone (1.88, 1.79 to 1.99) and lowest for dydrogesterone (1.24, 1.03 to 1.48). Past long term use of oestrogen only therapy and past short term (<5 years) use of oestrogen-progestogen were not associated with increased risk. The risk associated with past long term oestrogen-progestogen use, however, remained increased (1.16, 1.11 to 1.21). In recent oestrogen only users, between three (in younger women) and eight (in older women) extra cases per 10 000 women years would be expected, and in oestrogen-progestogen users between nine and 36 extra cases per 10 000 women years. For past oestrogen-progestogen users, the results would suggest between two and eight extra cases per 10 000 women years. Conclusion This study has produced new generalisable estimates of the increased risks of breast cancer associated with use of different hormone replacement preparations in the UK. The levels of risks varied between types of HRT, with higher risks for combined treatments and for longer duration of use.

scholarly journals Reproductive and environmental exposures and the breast cancer risk in Taiwanese women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Chen Wu ◽  
Hwai-I. Yang ◽  
Po-Han Lin ◽  
Chien-Jen Chen ◽  
Regina M. Santella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Taiwanese Women ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) incidence is increasing around the globe, including in Taiwan, though the cause of the increasing incidence is less clear. We followed up 11,296 Taiwanese females who did not have BC at baseline, and ascertained new invasive BC (N = 351) through data linkage to the National Cancer Registry from 1991 to 2018 to examine whether reproductive, lifestyle and environmental risk factors including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were associated with BC risk. We conducted a nested case–control study using baseline blood available from a total of 305 women with BC and 598 women without BC matched on time in cohort. We examined the association of PAH-albumin adducts and BC risk using conditional logistic regression models. Age at menarche (HR 0.6 (95% CI 0.5–0.9) for ≥ 15 vs. < 13 years) and multiparity were associated with BC risk (HR 2.0 (95% CI 1.4–2.8), 2.8 (1.9–4.2), and 2.4 (1.0–5.0) for 3–4, 1–2 and 0 live birth, compared with women ≥ 5 births). PAH-albumin adducts were not associated with BC risk. Given the increasing BC incidence in Taiwan, there is a need to identify environmental factors that are important to this population.

scholarly journals Dietary and lifestyle inflammatory scores are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Karim Parastouei ◽  
Hosein Rostami ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

Abstract Background In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association of dietary inflammation scores (DIS) and lifestyle inflammation scores (LIS) with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a prospective population-based study. Methods A total of 1625 participants without MetS were recruited from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study(2006–2008) and followed a mean of 6.1 years. Dietary data of subjects were collected using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline to determine LIS and DIS. Multivariable logistic regression models, were used to calculate the odds ratio (ORs) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) of MetS across tertiles of DIS and LIS. Results Mean ± SD age of individuals (45.8 % men) was 37.5 ± 13.4 years. Median (25–75 interquartile range) DIS and LIS for all participants was 0.80 (− 2.94, 3.64) and 0.48 (− 0.18, − 0.89), respectively. During the study follow-up, 291 (17.9 %) new cases of MetS were identified. Based on the age and sex-adjusted model, a positive association was found between LIS (OR = 7.56; 95% CI 5.10–11.22, P for trend < 0.001) and risk of MetS, however, the association of DIS and risk of MetS development was not statistically significant (OR = 1.30;95% CI 0.93–1.80, P for trend = 0.127). In the multivariable model, after adjustment for confounding variables, including age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, and energy intake, the risk of MetS is increased across tertiles of DIS (OR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.09–2.33, P for trend = 0.015) and LIS(OR = 8.38; 95% CI 5.51–12.7, P for trend < 0.001). Conclusions The findings of the current study showed that greater adherence to LIS and DIS, determined to indicate the inflammatory potential of diet and lifestyle, are associated with increased the risk of MetS.

scholarly journals Adjuvant Hormonotherapy and Cardiovascular Risk in Post-Menopausal Women with Breast Cancer: A Large Population-Based Cohort Study

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2254
Author(s):  
Matteo Franchi ◽  
Roberta Tritto ◽  
Luigi Tarantini ◽  
Alessandro Navazio ◽  
Giovanni Corrao
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
New Diagnosis

Background: Whether aromatase inhibitors (AIs) increase the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events, compared to tamoxifen, in women with breast cancer is still debated. We evaluated the association between AI and CV outcomes in a large population-based cohort of breast cancer women. Methods: By using healthcare utilization databases of Lombardy (Italy), we identified women ≥50 years, with new diagnosis of breast cancer between 2009 and 2015, who started adjuvant therapy with either AI or tamoxifen. We estimated the association between exposure to AI and CV outcomes (including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, heart failure or any CV event) by a Cox proportional hazard model with inverse probability of treatment and censoring weighting. Results: The study cohort included 26,009 women starting treatment with AI and 7937 with tamoxifen. Over a median follow-up of 5.8 years, a positive association was found between AI and heart failure (Hazard Ratio = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.42) and any CV event (1.14, 1.00 to 1.29). The CV risk increased in women with previous CV risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Conclusions: Adjuvant therapy with AI in breast cancer women aged more than 50 years is associated with increased risk of heart failure and combined CV events.

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