scholarly journals Reproductive and environmental exposures and the breast cancer risk in Taiwanese women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Chen Wu ◽  
Hwai-I. Yang ◽  
Po-Han Lin ◽  
Chien-Jen Chen ◽  
Regina M. Santella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Taiwanese Women ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) incidence is increasing around the globe, including in Taiwan, though the cause of the increasing incidence is less clear. We followed up 11,296 Taiwanese females who did not have BC at baseline, and ascertained new invasive BC (N = 351) through data linkage to the National Cancer Registry from 1991 to 2018 to examine whether reproductive, lifestyle and environmental risk factors including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were associated with BC risk. We conducted a nested case–control study using baseline blood available from a total of 305 women with BC and 598 women without BC matched on time in cohort. We examined the association of PAH-albumin adducts and BC risk using conditional logistic regression models. Age at menarche (HR 0.6 (95% CI 0.5–0.9) for ≥ 15 vs. < 13 years) and multiparity were associated with BC risk (HR 2.0 (95% CI 1.4–2.8), 2.8 (1.9–4.2), and 2.4 (1.0–5.0) for 3–4, 1–2 and 0 live birth, compared with women ≥ 5 births). PAH-albumin adducts were not associated with BC risk. Given the increasing BC incidence in Taiwan, there is a need to identify environmental factors that are important to this population.

scholarly journals Blood polyphenol concentrations and differentiated thyroid carcinoma in women from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-171
Author(s):  
Raul Zamora-Ros ◽  
Leila Lujan-Barroso ◽  
David Achaintre ◽  
Silvia Franceschi ◽  
Cecilie Kyrø ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Ferulic Acids ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Prospective Investigation

ABSTRACT Background Polyphenols are natural compounds with anticarcinogenic properties in cellular and animal models, but epidemiological evidence determining the associations of these compounds with thyroid cancer (TC) is lacking. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the relations between blood concentrations of 36 polyphenols and TC risk in EPIC (the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition). Methods A nested case–control study was conducted on 273 female cases (210 papillary, 45 follicular, and 18 not otherwise specified TC tumors) and 512 strictly matched controls. Blood polyphenol concentrations were analyzed by HPLC coupled to tandem MS after enzymatic hydrolysis. Results Using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression models, caffeic acid (ORlog2: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.93) and its dehydrogenated metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (ORlog2: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.99), were inversely associated with differentiated TC risk. Similar results were observed for papillary TC, but not for follicular TC. Ferulic acid was also inversely associated only with papillary TC (ORlog2: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.91). However, none of these relations was significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. No association was observed for any of the remaining polyphenols with total differentiated, papillary, or follicular TC. Conclusions Blood polyphenol concentrations were mostly not associated with differentiated TC risk in women, although our study raises the possibility that high blood concentrations of caffeic, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic, and ferulic acids may be related to a lower papillary TC risk.

scholarly journals Serum IGFBP-2 and Risk of Atypical Hyperplasia of the Breast

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Catsburg ◽  
Marc J. Gunter ◽  
Lesley Tinker ◽  
Rowan T. Chlebowski ◽  
Michael Pollak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Atypical Hyperplasia ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Nonsignificant Decrease ◽  
Control Study

Atypical hyperplasia of the breast (AH) is associated with increased risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer, yet little is known about the etiology of AH. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) may contribute to the development of AH due to its proliferative effects on mammary tissue. We conducted a nested case-control study of postmenopausal women enrolled in Women’s Health Initiative-Clinical Trial. Cases were 275 women who developed incident AH during follow-up, individually (1 : 1) matched to controls. Levels of IGFBP-2 were determined from fasting serum collected at baseline. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for the association of IGFBP-2 with risk of AH. Serum IGFBP-2 was associated with a nonsignificant decrease in risk for AH, when comparing the highest quartile to lowest quartile (OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.32–1.31). This decrease in risk was most evident when analyses were restricted to nondiabetic, nonusers of hormone therapy (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.13–0.86,ptrend= 0.06) and nondiabetic women who were overweight or obese (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.18–1.03,ptrend= 0.05). Results from this study provide some support for an inverse association between serum IGFBP2 levels and risk of AH, particularly in nondiabetic women who are overweight or obese. Further studies are required to confirm these results.

scholarly journals The Association between Plasma Concentration of Phytoestrogens and Hypertension within the Korean Multicenter Cancer Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4366
Author(s):  
Juyeon Lee ◽  
Ju-Young Kang ◽  
Kwang-Pil Ko ◽  
Sue-Kyung Park
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
The Continuum

In order to examine the association between plasma phytoestrogen concentration (genistein, daidzein, equol and enterolactone) and hypertension, we conducted a nested case–control study for 229 hypertension cases including 112 prehypertension and 159 healthy controls derived from the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort (KMCC). The concentration of plasma phytoestrogens was measured using time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. We assessed the association between plasma phytoestrogens and hypertension using logistic regression models using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The highest tertile of plasma equol and enterolactone concentration exhibited a significantly decreased risk of hypertension (equol, OR = 0.34, 95%CI 0.20–0.57; enterolactone, OR = 0.32, 95%CI 0.18–0.57), compared with the lowest tertile. Equol and enterolactone showed reduced ORs for prehypertension (the highest tertile relative to the lowest tertile, OR = 0.50, 95%CI 0.26–0.96; OR = 0.38, 95%CI 0.19–0.75, respectively) and hypertension (OR = 0.42, 95%CI 0.22–0.81; OR = 0.28, 95%CI 0.14–0.54, respectively). There was a stronger association in hypertension (the highest tertile relative to the lowest tertile in obesity vs. non-obesity; equol, OR = 0.06 vs. 0.63; enterolactone, OR = 0.07 vs. 0.46; both p-heterogeneity < 0.01). This study suggests that equol and enterolactone may contribute to prevent primarily prehypertension and hypertension, and control cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on the continuum of hypertension and CVD. Further study to assess hypertension risk based on useful biomarkers, including phytoestrogens, may contribute to primary prevention of hypertension.

scholarly journals Exposure to airborne cadmium and breast cancer stage, grade and histology at diagnosis: findings from the E3N cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Amadou ◽  
Delphine Praud ◽  
Thomas Coudon ◽  
Aurélie M. N. Danjou ◽  
Elodie Faure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Tubular Carcinoma ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Estrogenic Properties ◽  
Nested Case Control

AbstractMolecular studies suggest that cadmium due to its estrogenic properties, might play a role in breast cancer (BC) progression. However epidemiological evidence is limited. This study explored the association between long-term exposure to airborne cadmium and risk of BC by stage, grade of differentiation, and histological types at diagnosis. A nested case–control study of 4401 cases and 4401 matched controls was conducted within the French E3N cohort. A Geographic Information System (GIS)-based metric demonstrated to reliably characterize long-term environmental exposures was employed to evaluate airborne exposure to cadmium. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. There was no relationship between cadmium exposure and stage of BC. Also, no association between cadmium exposure and grade of differentiation of BC was observed. However, further analyses by histological type suggested a positive association between cadmium and risk of invasive tubular carcinoma (ITC) BC [ORQ5 vs Q1 = 3.4 (95% CI 1.1–10.7)]. The restricted cubic spline assessment suggested a dose–response relationship between cadmium and ITC BC subtype. Our results do not support the hypothesis that airborne cadmium exposure may play a role in advanced BC risk, but suggest that cadmium may be associated with an increased risk of ITC.

Adipokines and the risk of active TB: a nested case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
A. Z. Soh ◽  
C. T. Y. Tan ◽  
E. Mok ◽  
C. B. E. Chee ◽  
J-M. Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Donated Blood ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: Adipokines are emerging mediators of immune response, and may affect susceptibility to active TB.OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between adipokines and the risk of active TB.METHODS: In a case-control study nested within a prospective cohort of middle-aged and older adults in Singapore, 280 incident active TB cases who donated blood for research before diagnosis were matched with 280 controls. Serum levels of adiponectin, resistin, leptin and ghrelin were measured. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to compute the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between adipokines and the risk of active TB.RESULTS: Higher levels of leptin and resistin were associated with reduced risk of TB in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to those in the lowest quartile of leptin levels, those in the highest quartile had an OR of 0.46 (95%CI 0.26–0.82; P for trend = 0.009). Similarly, compared to those in the lowest quartile of resistin levels, those in the highest quartile had an OR of 0.46 (95%CI 0.24–0.90; P for trend = 0.03). Adiponectin and ghrelin levels were not associated with TB risk.CONCLUSION: Increased serum levels of leptin and resistin may be associated with reduced susceptibility to active TB infection.

scholarly journals Pre-Diagnostic Circulating Metabolites and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Marjorie L. McCullough ◽  
Rebecca A. Hodge ◽  
Peter T. Campbell ◽  
Victoria L. Stevens ◽  
Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Untargeted metabolomic studies have identified potential biomarkers of colorectal cancer risk, but evidence is still limited and broadly inconsistent. Among 39,239 Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition cohort participants who provided a blood sample between 1998–2001, 517 newly diagnosed colorectal cancers were identified through 30 June 2015. In this nested case–control study, controls were matched 1:1 to cases on age, sex, race and date of blood draw. Mass spectroscopy-based metabolomic analyses of pre-diagnostic plasma identified 886 named metabolites, after quality control exclusions. Conditional logistic regression models estimated multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in each metabolite with risk of colorectal cancer. Six metabolites were associated with colorectal cancer risk at a false discovery rate < 0.20. These metabolites were of several classes, including cofactors and vitamins, nucleotides, xenobiotics, lipids and amino acids. Five metabolites (guanidinoacetate, 2’-O-methylcytidine, vanillylmandelate, bilirubin (E,E) and N-palmitoylglycine) were positively associated (OR per 1 SD = 1.29 to 1.32), and one (3-methylxanthine) was inversely associated with CRC risk (OR = 0.79, 95% CI, 0.69–0.89). We did not replicate findings from two earlier prospective studies of 250 cases each after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Large pooled prospective analyses are warranted to confirm or refute these findings and to discover and replicate metabolites associated with colorectal cancer risk.

scholarly journals Exposure to airborne cadmium and breast cancer stage, grade and histology at diagnosis: Findings from the E3N cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Amadou ◽  
Delphine Praud ◽  
Thomas Coudon ◽  
Aurélie M N Danjou ◽  
Elodie Faure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Tubular Carcinoma ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Airborne Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Nested Case Control

Abstract Purpose Molecular and cellular studies reported a role of cadmium in risk of advanced breast cancer (BC). However epidemiological evidence is limited. Our previous study suggests that cadmium might be related to a decreased risk of ER- and ER-PR- breast tumors. In this study, we further explored the association between long-term exposure to airborne cadmium and risk of BC by stage, grade of differentiation, and histological types at diagnosis. Methods A nested case-control study of 4,401 cases and 4,401 matched controls was conducted within the French E3N cohort. A Geographic Information System (GIS) based metric was employed to evaluate outdoor airborne exposure to cadmium. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. Results There was no statistically significant association between cadmium exposure and stage of BC in the multivariable analyses. The adjusted ORs for the fifth versus first quintile were 1.02 (95% CI: 0.83–1.25), 1.11 (95% CI: 0.84–1.49), and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.37–1.24) for stages I, II, and III-IV BC, respectively. The subgroup analyses showed no statistically significant association between cadmium exposure and grade of differentiation of BC at diagnosis. However, further analyses by histological type suggested a positive dose-response association between cadmium and risk of invasive tubular carcinoma (ITC) BC (OR for the fifth versus first quintile = 3.44 (95% CI: 1.10–10.7)). Conclusions Our results do not support the hypothesis that airborne cadmium exposure may have a role in advanced BC risk, but suggest that cadmium may be associated with an increased risk of ITC. However, these results should be considered with caution, and more epidemiological studies are needed to confirm our findings and to improve our understanding of the effects of cadmium exposure according to several clinic-pathological characteristics of BC.

scholarly journals Blood levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Women with Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions: A case-control study

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipul K Singh ◽  
M Anand ◽  
D Rawtani ◽  
Uday P Singh ◽  
DK Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
Control Study

Objective: As part of our program to investigate the possible role of environmental pollutants in the incidence of breast cancer in India, we conducted for the first time a hospital based case-control study where blood polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels were determined in women suffering from benign and malignant breast lesions, and compared with those of disease free controls drawn from similar socioeconomic environment residing in and around New Delhi, India. Material & Methods: Anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, naphthalene, pyrene, benzo (a) pyrene, benzo (k) fluoranthene and dibenzo (a,h) anthracene were determined by HPLC-FD. Results: Level of total PAHs in control, benign and malignant groups (30 numbers in each) were 142.05 ± 50.84, 185.99 ± 61.97 and 200.74 ± 55.05 μg / L respectively. Mean levels of naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo (k) fluoranthene were higher in both malignant and benign groups than in control but the difference was not statistically significant. Of the total PAHs, 3–ringed compounds were found much higher (89%) in controls than in benign (52%) and malignant groups (54%). However, the percentage sum of 2, 4 and 5-ringed PAHs were much higher in malignant (46%) and benign (48%) groups when compared with those of controls (11%). Conclusion: Results of the present study indicate that higher levels of PAHs (especially non-carcinogenic), though statistically non-significant, were present in cases with benign and malignant breast lesions than in those of controls. Key Words: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Breast cancer; Benign lesions; HPLC-FD  DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i2.2924Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 1 (2010) 80-86

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