scholarly journals Unique pattern of histogenesis of the parakeratinized epithelium on lingual prominence in the domestic goose embryos (Anser anser f. domestica)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Skieresz-Szewczyk ◽  
Hanna Jackowiak ◽  
Marlena Ratajczak
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Unique Pattern ◽  
Embryonic Period ◽  
Intensive Formation ◽  
Characteristic Part ◽  
Endodermal Origin ◽  
Multilayered Epithelium ◽  
Medial Area

AbstractA triangular lingual prominence (LP) is a characteristic part of the tongue in Anseriformes containing adipose tissue. The parakeratinized epithelium (PEp) covers the LP. Studies aimed to describe the histogenesis of PEp during the process of the intensive formation of the LP in domestic goose during embryonic period and to determine the structural readiness to perform a protective function. The study were conducted by using LM, SEM and TEM technique. The results revealed that on day 16th the undifferentiated epithelium of LP transformed into the typical avian multilayered epithelium. Contrary to pattern of histogenesis of parakeratinized epithelium on the lingual body, on the medial and lateral areas of the elongating and bulging LP were formed epithelial furrows. Which around 20th day, on lateral areas of LP deepened up to half of epithelium, whereas on the medial area began to fade. The ultrastructure of cells lying in furrows indicated progressive apoptosis-like degeneration. On the 25th day, shallow furrows were only present on lateral areas, where bulging of LP was continued. Whereas the epithelium on medial area started cornification by the accumulation of cytokeratin fibers. Lack of the periderm during the development of the PEp of the LP indicated its endodermal origin.

scholarly journals Pasture v. standard dairy cream in high-fat diet-fed mice: improved metabolic outcomes and stronger intestinal barrier

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bérengère Benoit ◽  
Pascale Plaisancié ◽  
Alain Géloën ◽  
Monique Estienne ◽  
Cyrille Debard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes

Dairy products derived from the milk of cows fed in pastures are characterised by higher amounts of conjugated linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid (ALA), and several studies have shown their ability to reduce cardiovascular risk. However, their specific metabolic effects compared with standard dairy in a high-fat diet (HFD) context remain largely unknown; this is what we determined in the present study with a focus on the metabolic and intestinal parameters. The experimental animals were fed for 12 weeks a HFD containing 20 % fat in the form of a pasture dairy cream (PDC) or a standard dairy cream (SDC). Samples of plasma, liver, white adipose tissue, duodenum, jejunum and colon were analysed. The PDC mice, despite a higher food intake, exhibited lower fat mass, plasma and hepatic TAG concentrations, and inflammation in the adipose tissue than the SDC mice. Furthermore, they exhibited a higher expression of hepatic PPARα mRNA and adipose tissue uncoupling protein 2 mRNA, suggesting an enhanced oxidative activity of the tissues. These results might be explained, in part, by the higher amounts of ALA in the PDC diet and in the liver and adipose tissue of the PDC mice. Moreover, the PDC diet was found to increase the proportions of two strategic cell populations involved in the protective function of the intestinal epithelium, namely Paneth and goblet cells in the small intestine and colon, compared with the SDC diet. In conclusion, a PDC HFD leads to improved metabolic outcomes and to a stronger gut barrier compared with a SDC HFD. This may be due, at least in part, to the protective mechanisms induced by specific lipids.

scholarly journals Role of microRNA 690 in Mediating Angiotensin II Effects on Inflammation and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1327
Author(s):  
Kalhara R. Menikdiwela ◽  
Latha Ramalingam ◽  
Mostafa M. Abbas ◽  
Halima Bensmail ◽  
Shane Scoggin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Protective Function

Overactivation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) during obesity disrupts adipocyte metabolic homeostasis and induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation; however, underlying mechanisms are not well known. We propose that overexpression of angiotensinogen (Agt), the precursor protein of RAS in adipose tissue or treatment of adipocytes with Angiotensin II (Ang II), RAS bioactive hormone, alters specific microRNAs (miRNA), that target ER stress and inflammation leading to adipocyte dysfunction. Epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) from B6 wild type (Wt) and transgenic male mice overexpressing Agt (Agt-Tg) in adipose tissue and adipocytes treated with Ang II were used. Small RNA sequencing and microarray in WAT identified differentially expressed miRNAs and genes, out of which miR-690 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MAP2K3) were validated as significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively, in Agt-Tg, and in Ang II-treated adipocytes compared to respective controls. Additionally, the direct regulatory role of miR-690 on MAP2K3 was confirmed using mimic, inhibitors and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Downstream protein targets of MAP2K3 which include p38, NF-κB, IL-6 and CHOP were all reduced. These results indicate a critical post-transcriptional role for miR-690 in inflammation and ER stress. In conclusion, miR-690 plays a protective function and could be a useful target to reduce obesity.

Protective function of exosomes from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in acute kidney injury through SIRT1 pathway

Life Sciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 117719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Gao ◽  
Bangjie Zuo ◽  
Yanping Wang ◽  
Shulin Li ◽  
Jianping Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Protective Function

scholarly journals Tai Chi Improves Coronary Heart Disease Risk by Inactivating MAPK/ERK Pathway through Serum miR-126

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Guangwei Zhang ◽  
Shuli Wang ◽  
Yan Gu ◽  
Ling Song ◽  
Shui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
The Body ◽  
Erk Pathway ◽  
Cardiac Cell ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Chd Risk

Background. Tai Chi is effective in preventing heart disease (CHD) risk, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of CHD and can be activated by miR-126. Tai Chi may exert its protective function through the miR-126-modulated MAPK pathway. Methods. The CHD patients after PCI were randomized into the CG group (CG) (n = 19, normal care) and Tai Chi group (TG) (Tai Chi intervention, n = 17). Epicardial adipose tissue volume (EATV) (one main adverse cardiovascular event of CHD), HR (heart rate), QoL (quality of life) scores, and balance performance were measured in the two groups. The body fat content, abdominal subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat were measured to reflect the improvement of adipose tissue dysfunction. The levels of miR-126 and MAPK-associated molecules were measured in peripheral blood leukocytes. Meanwhile, the effects of miR-126 silence and mimic on MAPK-associated molecules were also explored in cardiac cell H9C2. Results. After the 3-month intervention, Tai Chi reduced EATV and HR and increased QoL scores and balance performance, respectively (P<0.05). The fat percentage, body fat mass, and BMI were also significantly reduced after Tai Chi intervention (P<0.05). The levels of miR-126, MAPK, JNK, and ERK in the TG group were lower than those in the CG group (P<0.05). The miR-126 levels had a strong relationship with the values of EATV, HR, and QoL scores (P<0.05). miR-126 silence or mimic inactivated or activated MAPK-associated molecules in the cardiac cell lines. Conclusions. Tai Chi improved CHD risk by inactivating the MAPK/ERK pathway via serum miR-126.

scholarly journals LA SINDROME METABOLICA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Maria Rotella
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

As the word itself says, a syndrome is not a disease in its own right, but a set of various diseases that coexist in the same individual. Metabolic Syndrome (MS) was first described many years ago, but it came back to the fore again in 1998 by Alberti and Zimmet who tried to give it a more modern definition. It was then in 2001 that Grundy defined simpler and easily determinable criteria in an outpatient setting. When compared with other diagnostic criteria, such as those of the International Diabetes Federation, it was seen that the 2001 criteria had a higher specificity, even if a lower sensitivity, and therefore were those to be preferred in identifying the truly affected patients by SM. The MS criteria actually represent the most important modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, as they are related to Visceral Obesity and Insulin Resistance (IR), which proceed in parallel in individuals. Visceral adipose tissue is a true endocrine organ that produces many hormone-acting substances called Adipokines. These are the main responsible for the establishment and maintenance of the IR, as well as for hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and blood coagulation alterations. In fact, in patients with MS, excess adipose tissue is almost always accompanied by a decrease in muscle tissue, i.e. a state of sarcopenia. Muscle tissue also produces cytokines and hormonal substances with protective function against the cardiovascular risk factors present in the MS criteria, the lack of muscle mass reduces the production of these molecules and therefore the presence of sarcopenia further worsens the entity of the cardiovascular risk. There are other additional factors, other than those present in the classifications, which can play an important role in MS. Current scientific evidence shows a correlation between vitamin D and risk, incidence, number and severity of the components of the Metabolic Syndrome and its complications (DM2 and cardiovascular diseases). About 90% of obese and diabetic patients have a more or less serious deficiency of vitamin D, and this condition has been directly correlated with the dysfunctional adiposity index (LAP index). The other condition that is frequently observed in MS patients is hyperuricemia and this seems mainly due to the high consumption of fructose in the diet. The consequences of fructose metabolism can lead to a decrease in intracellular ATP, an increase in uric acid production, oxidative stress, inflammation, and an increase in lipid synthesis, which are associated with endothelial dysfunction. The latter represents an early manifestation of vascular disease and a stimulus for the development of Metabolic Cardiorenal Syndrome.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document