scholarly journals Tai Chi Improves Coronary Heart Disease Risk by Inactivating MAPK/ERK Pathway through Serum miR-126

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Guangwei Zhang ◽  
Shuli Wang ◽  
Yan Gu ◽  
Ling Song ◽  
Shui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
The Body ◽  
Erk Pathway ◽  
Cardiac Cell ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Chd Risk

Background. Tai Chi is effective in preventing heart disease (CHD) risk, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of CHD and can be activated by miR-126. Tai Chi may exert its protective function through the miR-126-modulated MAPK pathway. Methods. The CHD patients after PCI were randomized into the CG group (CG) (n = 19, normal care) and Tai Chi group (TG) (Tai Chi intervention, n = 17). Epicardial adipose tissue volume (EATV) (one main adverse cardiovascular event of CHD), HR (heart rate), QoL (quality of life) scores, and balance performance were measured in the two groups. The body fat content, abdominal subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat were measured to reflect the improvement of adipose tissue dysfunction. The levels of miR-126 and MAPK-associated molecules were measured in peripheral blood leukocytes. Meanwhile, the effects of miR-126 silence and mimic on MAPK-associated molecules were also explored in cardiac cell H9C2. Results. After the 3-month intervention, Tai Chi reduced EATV and HR and increased QoL scores and balance performance, respectively (P<0.05). The fat percentage, body fat mass, and BMI were also significantly reduced after Tai Chi intervention (P<0.05). The levels of miR-126, MAPK, JNK, and ERK in the TG group were lower than those in the CG group (P<0.05). The miR-126 levels had a strong relationship with the values of EATV, HR, and QoL scores (P<0.05). miR-126 silence or mimic inactivated or activated MAPK-associated molecules in the cardiac cell lines. Conclusions. Tai Chi improved CHD risk by inactivating the MAPK/ERK pathway via serum miR-126.

scholarly journals Saturated Fat Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Ischemic Stroke: A Science Update

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce A. Nettleton ◽  
Ingeborg A. Brouwer ◽  
Johanna M. Geleijnse ◽  
Gerard Hornstra
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Important Health

At a workshop to update the science linking saturated fatty acid (SAFA) consumption with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke, invited participants presented data on the consumption and bioavailability of SAFA and their functions in the body and food technology. Epidemiological methods and outcomes were related to the association between SAFA consumption and disease events and mortality. Participants reviewed the effects of SAFA on CHD, causal risk factors, and surrogate risk markers. Higher intakes of SAFA were not associated with higher risks of CHD or stroke apparently, but studies did not take macronutrient replacement into account. Replacing SAFA by cis-polyunsaturated fatty acids was associated with significant CHD risk reduction, which was confirmed by randomized controlled trials. SAFA reduction had little direct effect on stroke risk. Cohort studies suggest that the food matrix and source of SAFA have important health effects.

ON BODY FAT AND BODY WATER IN RATS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 970-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis-Marie Babineau ◽  
Edouard Pagé
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Free Body

Under our experimental conditions, water represented 72% of the fat-free body mass. This constant was found to be completely independent of the magnitude of the fat depots. Consideration of the composition of various samples of adipose tissue suggests that the water to fat-free dry matter ratio is the same as in the body as a whole or that any "excess" water contributed by adipose tissue is so small in absolute amounts as to leave the global ratio essentially undisturbed. Rats exposed to cold had to draw on their fat stores during the first month of exposure but later replenished their energy reserves. The water to fat-free dry matter ratio was not affected.

scholarly journals Metabolic adaptations in the adipose tissue that underlie the body fat mass gain in middle-aged rats

AGE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Antonio Laurato Sertié ◽  
Rennan de Oliveira Caminhotto ◽  
Sandra Andreotti ◽  
Amanda Baron Campaña ◽  
André Ricardo Gomes de Proença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations

scholarly journals Circulating betatrophin/ANGPTL8 levels correlate with body fat distribution in individuals with normal glucose tolerance but not those with glucose disorders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zheng ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
Beverly S Hong ◽  
Yanbing Li
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Normal Glucose

Abstract Background: The relationship between betatrophin/ANGPTL8 and obesity has been investigated using body mass index (BMI); however, since BMI reflects overall adiposity rather than body fat distribution, it remains unclear whether fat deposition in different areas of the body affects betatrophin expression. Here, we investigated the correlation between circulating betatrophin levels and body fat distribution in patients with different glucose tolerance. Methods: In 128 participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 64) or normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 64), we measured circulating betatrophin levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and body fat distribution (subcutaneous, visceral, and limb fat) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a body fat meter. Results: After controlling for age, sex, and BMI, betatrophin was correlated positively with visceral adipose tissue-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio ( VAT/SAT ratio; r = 0.339, p = 0.009) and negatively with body fat ratio (BFR; r = -0.275, p = 0.035), left lower limb fat ratio (LLR; r = -0.330, p = 0.011), and right lower limb fat ratio (RLR; r = -0.288, p = 0.027) in the NGT group, with these correlations remaining after controlling for triglycerides. VAT/SAT ratio (standardized β = 0.419, p = 0.001) was independently associated with serum betatrophin levels; however, betatrophin was not associated with body fat distribution variables in the IGT group. Conclusions: Circulating betatrophin levels correlated positively with VAT/SAT ratio and negatively with lower limb fat, but not subcutaneous or upper limb fat, in individuals with normal glucose tolerance. Thus, betatrophin may be a poten­tial biomarker for body fat distribution in individuals without glucose disorders.

ON BODY FAT AND BODY WATER IN RATS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 970-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis-Marie Babineau ◽  
Edouard Pagé
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Free Body

Under our experimental conditions, water represented 72% of the fat-free body mass. This constant was found to be completely independent of the magnitude of the fat depots. Consideration of the composition of various samples of adipose tissue suggests that the water to fat-free dry matter ratio is the same as in the body as a whole or that any "excess" water contributed by adipose tissue is so small in absolute amounts as to leave the global ratio essentially undisturbed. Rats exposed to cold had to draw on their fat stores during the first month of exposure but later replenished their energy reserves. The water to fat-free dry matter ratio was not affected.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Selected Modifiable Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in 12-Year-Old Greek Boys and Girls

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Bouziotas ◽  
Yiannis Koutedakis ◽  
Ruth Shiner ◽  
Yiannis Pananakakis ◽  
Vasiliki Fotopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Chd Risk Factors

The prevalence of 14 selected modifiable coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors was determined in randomly selected adolescent boys (n = 117) and girls (n = 93) from provincial Greece. Based on published criteria thresholds for CHD, 45% of boys and 50% of girls exhibited three or more risk factors with time spent on “vigorous” activities, low cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness being among the most frequent in both sexes. Stronger associations were found between cardiorespiratory fitness and time spent on “vigorous” rather than “moderate-to-vigorous” activities in both boys and girls. Regression analysis indicated that energy expenditure (P < .01) in boys and energy expenditure (P < .05) and energy intake (P < .01) in girls could alone explain about 60% of the body-fat related findings in either group. Broadly based primary prevention strategies aimed at children should concentrate on reducing the overall energy intake and increasing the time spent on “vigorous” activities if future Greek adult CHD mortality is to be reduced.

scholarly journals DNA Methylation as a Marker of Body Shape in Premenopausal Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeline Divoux ◽  
Alexey Eroshkin ◽  
Edina Erdos ◽  
Katalin Sandor ◽  
Timothy F. Osborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Increased Risk

Preferential accumulation of fat in the gluteo-femoral (GF) depot (pear shape) rather than in the abdominal (A) depot (apple shape), protects against the development of metabolic diseases but the underlying molecular mechanism is still unknown. Recent data, including our work, suggest that differential epigenetic marking is associated with regulation of genes attributed to distinct fat distribution. Here, we aimed to compare the genomic DNA methylation signatures between apple and pear-shaped premenopausal women. To investigate the contribution of upper and lower body fat, we used paired samples of A-FAT and GF-FAT, analyzed on the BeadChip Methylation Array and quantified the differentially methylated sites between the 2 groups of women. We found unique DNA methylation patterns within both fat depots that are significantly different depending on the body fat distribution. Around 60% of the body shape specific DNA methylation sites identified in adipose tissue are maintained ex vivo in cultured preadipocytes. As it has been reported before in other cell types, we found only a hand full of genes showing coordinated differential methylation and expression levels. Finally, we determined that more than 50% of the body shape specific DNA methylation sites could also be detected in whole blood derived DNA. These data reveal a strong DNA methylation program associated with adipose tissue distribution with the possibility that a simple blood test could be used as a predictive diagnostic indicator of young women who are at increased risk for progressing to the apple body shape with a higher risk of developing obesity related complications.Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02728635 and https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02226640, identifiers NCT02728635 and NCT02226640.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of Macroalgae

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saioa Gómez-Zorita ◽  
Maitane González-Arceo ◽  
Jenifer Trepiana ◽  
Itziar Eseberri ◽  
Alfredo Fernández-Quintela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Macroalgae have attracted great interest for their potential applications in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries as source of bioactive medicinal products and food ingredients. This review gathers data from in vitro and in vivo studies addressing the anti-obesity effects of macroalgae. Great consensus exists in all reported in vitro studies concerning the reduction induced by seaweed extracts in the expression of transcriptional factors controlling adipogenesis. In animals, macroalgae reduced body fat accumulation and prevented other obesity features, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and fatty liver. These effects are not due to food intake reduction, since few studies have reported such event. Indeed, the effects on metabolic pathways in target tissues/organs seem to play a more relevant role. Macroalgae can reduce de novo lipogenesis, limiting fatty acid availability for triglyceride synthesis in white adipose tissue. This effect has been observed in both cell cultures and adipose tissue from animals treated with macroalgae extracts. In addition, increased fatty acid oxidation and thermogenic capacity, as well as a shift towards healthier gut microbiota composition may contribute to the body fat-lowering effect of macroalgae. Studies in humans are needed to determine whether macroalgae can represent a feasible tool to prevent and/or manage overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Anthropological Characteristic of the Distribution of Adipose Tissue in Bulgarian Females with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Folia Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-416
Author(s):  
Atanas G. Baltadjiev ◽  
Stefka V. Vladeva ◽  
Dimitar B. Bahariev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Tissue

Abstract Background: The complex study of adipose tissue in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is of importance for the clinical course and prognosis of the disease. Aim: To study the distribution of adipose tissue in Bulgarian females with T2DM. Patients and methods: The study included 92 women with T2DM (age range 40-60 years). The control group consisted of 40 age-matched women. Measurement parameters: height, weight, 9 skinfolds (sf) – sfTriceps, sfBiceps brachii, sfForearm, sfSubscapular, sfXrib, sfAbdomen, sfSuprailiaca, sfThigh, and sfCalf; bioelectrical impedance analysis - % body fat tissue and visceral fat tissue. Calculated indexes: body mass index (BMI), the ratio sfTrunk to sfLimbs, the ratio skin folds upper half of body/skin folds lower half of body, fat mass and subcutaneous fat mass. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the means of sfTriceps, sfXrib, sfThigh, sfCalf, % body fat tissue, visceral fat tissue, and fat mass and subcutaneous fat mass between the diabetic and healthy women. The body composition of diabetic females aged 40-60 years contained a larger adipose component than controls. Visceral adipose tissue which determines the body composition is a reliable indicator of the health risks in diabetic women. Conclusion: The pattern of subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution in diabetic females aged 40-60 yrs was primarily in the upper torso region and less so in the limbs. In the controls adipose tissue is accumulated primarily in the limbs and in the lower part of the body.

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