scholarly journals Phenol-rich alternatives for Rosa x damascena Mill. Efficient phytochemical profiling using different extraction methods and colorimetric assays

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Piotrowicz ◽  
Łukasz Tabisz ◽  
Marta Waligórska ◽  
Radosław Pankiewicz ◽  
Bogusława Łęska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Colorimetric Assays ◽  
Damask Rose

AbstractDamask rose is a well-established, abundant source of phytochemicals, as well as economically important essential oil—however, its cultivation is demanding and costly. In this paper, extracts from four raw plant materials—Salvia officinalis, Sambucus nigra, Matricaria chamomilla, Calendula officinalis, known to be rich in phenolic compounds, but also far easier to cultivate—were directly compared to those obtained from Rosa × damascena Mill. By combining diverse extraction methodologies (in a Soxhlet apparatus, ultrawave-assisted and microwave-assisted, using supercritical CO2) and complementary in vitro assays (radical scavenging, iron reducing, Folin–Ciocalteau and Al3+ complexation), it was possible to conveniently approximate and compare the phytochemical portfolios of those diverse plants. By factoring in the crop yields of different species, economically important conclusions can be reached—with pot marigold (C. officinalis) seemingly the most viable substitute for damask rose as a source of phenolics. Fatty acid and microelement analyses were also performed, to further enrich the chemical profiles of plant extracts. The paper also aims to collate and redesign multiple colorimetric assays frequently used while studying plant extracts in vitro, but criticized for their lack of correlation to in vivo activity. We show that they remain a viable tool for direct comparison of extraction methodologies, while highlighting their shortcomings.

scholarly journals Biological activity from indigenous medicinal plants of Mauritius

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gurib-Fakim ◽  
H. Subratty ◽  
F. Narod ◽  
J. Govinden-Soulange ◽  
F. Mahomoodally
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
In Vivo Screening ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Minor Ailments

The Mauritian population has a long tradition in the use of ethno-medicine, and the practice is still strong, especially in the treatment of minor ailments. Such interest stems from an existing culture, and many “tisanes” are still prepared from plant materials and sold in several markets around the island.This paper will focus on the various chemical/biological screening techniques currently being used to evaluate the biological properties of medicinal plant extracts. Particular emphasis will be put on extraction and various screening for biological/pharmacological properties. Due consideration will be given to the pharmacological approaches that utilize different animal models for the in vitro and in vivo screening of medicinal plant extracts.

scholarly journals Study of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Properties of Selected Plant Extracts for Food Preservative Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-111
Author(s):  
Tania Islam ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam ◽  
Wahidu Zzaman ◽  
Md Morsaline Billah
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Food Preservative

An attempt has been made to evaluate antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of extracts from onion (Allium cepa L.), garlic (Allium sativum), leaves of guava (Psidium guajava), papaya (Carica papaya), tea (Camellia sinensis), baen (Avicennia alba) and keora (Sonneratia apetala), respectively to apply as natural preservatives for tomatoes. The air-dried plant materials of the respective plant species were subjected to ethanol-methanol extraction, concentrated and stored at 4 °C before use. The extracts were dissolved in 95% ethanol for analysis of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Of the extracts tested, tea extracts showed the highest zone of inhibition against several pathogenic bacteria (E. coli 35.0±3.2 mm; P. aeruginosa 29.3±2.6 mm; S. typhi 28.4±2.1 mm and S. pyogenes 27.7±3.7 mm) using the disc diffusion method. In regard to DPPH free radical scavenging assay, keora and guava extracts showed the highest percentage of radical scavenging activity with the values of 89.64± 0.18 and 89.39± 0.88, respectively, which were in agreement with higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of these extracts obtained by the phosphomolybdenum method. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay for cytotoxicity assessment showed LC50 of 132.54 ± 18.99 µg/mL for the leaf extract of keora which was found to be most toxic among all studied extracts. The initial results indicated that the extracts could be used for food preservative applications based on the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of the tested extracts. However, efficacy, stability and safety issues need to be addressed with both in vitro and in vivo studies.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Effects of Garlic Extract against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Induced Liver Injury via Modulation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Hepatocyte Architecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6200
Author(s):  
Saleh A. Almatroodi ◽  
Shehwaz Anwar ◽  
Ahmad Almatroudi ◽  
Amjad Ali Khan ◽  
Faris Alrumaihi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The current study aims to explore the hepatoprotective mechanisms of garlic extract through in vivo and in vitro assays. The in vitro investigation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential showed maximum 67.5% of free radical scavenging and 71.36% albumin denaturation inhibition by 600 μg/mL garlic extract. To explore the hepatoprotective activity by in vivo experiments, the animals were orally intoxicated with 150 μL of CCl4 (1:1 v/v in olive oil) and treated with garlic extract (75 mg/kg b.w.) 3 times/week, for eight successive weeks. The administration of garlic extract significantly ameliorated CCl4 induced increment in amounts of serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Aspartate transaminaseas (106.7, 116.3, 136.4 U/L) as compared to disease control which showed increased level (140.5, 156.2, 187.6 U/L). Besides, significant reduction of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidases (GPx), and Glutathione (GSH) (29.3, 48.4, and 25.9 U/mg protein) was noticed in CCl4 induced animals, respectively. Likewise, garlic extract treatment facilitated a significant increment in all tested antioxidant enzymes levels (41.6, 63.3, and 32.5 U/mg protein), respectively. Additionally, Tumor necrosis factor⍺ (TNF-⍺), C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) level (63.79, 580.2, 18.3, 63.74 and 148.4 pg/mL) were increased significantly in CCl4-induced group, while garlic extract treatment decreased these pro inflammatory marker levels (40.24, 460.4, 15.4, 45.14, and 125.3 pg/mL). The animals exposed to CCl4 showed various types of alterations like lymphocytes infiltration, edema and congestion, while the animals treated with garlic extract plus CCl4 showed amelioration of the hepatocytes architectures. Thus, our finding advocates that the consumption of garlic can be a potential therapeutic remedy in the inhibition of liver ailments.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIALS AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF Asystasia vogeliana (BENTH) LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST PARACETAMOL-INDUCED HEPATIC INJURY IN RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-848
Author(s):  
Emeka Hillary Ugwuanyi ◽  
◽  
Chukwuneke Udem Samuel ◽  
Ifeanyi Innocent Madubuinyi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Group V ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Group I

This study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant potentials of methanol and petroleum ether leaf extracts of Asystasia vogeliana against paracetamol-induced liver injury in rats. For estimation of antioxidant potentials, in vitro radical scavenging assays were carried out using DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS. For in vivo study, twenty-five male Wistar rats weighing 100-120 g were randomized and assigned into 5 groups (I-V, n=5). Further, Paracetamol (PCM) at 2 g/kg was used to induce acute hepatotoxicity orally. Rats in group I received distilled water (10 ml/kg) only. While, the rats of groups II, III, and IV received MLEAV (200 mg/kg), PLEAV (200 mg/kg), and a standard hepatoprotective reference drug silymarin (25 mg/kg) respectively for 5 days before PCM induction. Rats in group V received distilled water for 5 days before PCM induction. Blood and liver samples were collected for hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology analyses using standard procedures. In vitro assays revealed that MLEAV showed significant (P < 0.05) increases in antioxidant activity compared with PLEAV. Further, significant (P < 0.05) reductions in the activities of ALT and ALP while a significant (P < 0.05) increases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GPx) were reported in the group II and III compared with group V. There were also no observable lesions in their hepatocytes. Results of the study can be concluded that MLEAV elicited more in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities than PLEAV, thus it protects the liver of rat from PCM-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, MLEAV could be used as a hepatoprotective agent for the clinical management of liver damage.

scholarly journals 2-Oxo-Imidazole-Containing Dipeptides Play a Key Role in the Antioxidant Capacity of Imidazole-Containing Dipeptides

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1434
Author(s):  
Shingo Kasamatsu ◽  
Somei Komae ◽  
Kana Matsukura ◽  
Yuki Kakihana ◽  
Koji Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

There is substantial evidence for the antioxidant functions of imidazole-containing dipeptides (IDPs), including carnosine and anserine, under physiological and pathological conditions in vivo. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the antioxidant functions is still poorly understood. Recently, we discovered the endogenous production of 2-oxo-imidazole-containing dipeptides (2-oxo-IDPs), such as 2-oxo-carnosine and 2-oxo-anserine, as novel derivatives of IDPs in mouse tissues and revealed that the antioxidant capacity of 2-oxo-carnosine was much greater than that of carnosine. However, the antioxidant capacity of 2-oxo-IDPs still remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated 2-oxo-carnosine and 2-oxo-anserine by multiple in vitro assays, such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing/antioxidant power, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays in comparison with the corresponding IDPs, carnosine and anserine. All the assays employed herein demonstrated that 2-oxo-carnosine and 2-oxo-anserine exhibited a greater antioxidant capacity than that of the corresponding IDPs. Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry revealed that commercial IDPs standards were contaminated with a certain amount of 2-oxo-IDPs, which was correlated with the antioxidant capacity. DPPH radical scavenging assay revealed that the elimination of contaminated 2-oxo-IDPs from the IDPs standards caused a significant decrease in the antioxidant capacity compared to the original IDPs standards. These results suggest that the main driver of the antioxidant capacity of IDPs is 2-oxo-IDPs; accordingly, the conversion of IDPs to 2-oxo-IDPs may be a critical step in the antioxidant functions.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Potential of Hydromethanolic Extract of Phoenix dactylifera Fruits

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Naskar ◽  
A. Islam ◽  
U. K. Mazumder ◽  
P. Saha ◽  
P. K. Haldar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Serum Glutamate

The present study was aimed at investigating the antioxidant activities of the hydromethanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera (HEPD) fruit (Arecaceae). The antioxidant activities of extract have been evaluated by using a range of in vitro assays and in vivo hepatoprotective model. In case of in vitro studies the IC50 values were found to be 160, 1400, 1115, 1050 μg/ml in DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, respectively. In case of in vivo studies the levels of liver enzymatic, non-enzymatic systems [serum glutamate oxalo-acetate transaminases (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminases (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, total protein, catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were restored towards the normal value in HEPD treated carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats. The free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities may be attributed to the presence of phenolic (pyrocatechol and gallic acid contents are 6.2 and 2.906 μg/mg, respectively), vitamin C (ascorbic acid content is 0.66 μg/mg) and flavonoid compounds (4.79 μg/mg) present in HEPD. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the Phoenix dactylifera fruit is a potential source of natural antioxidant.  Keywords: Phoenix dactylifera; Antioxidant, Flavonoid; Total phenolic content; Vitamin C. © 2010  JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i1.2643                   J. Sci. Res. 2 (1), 144-157 (2010) 

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activities of Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J. B. Gillett) (Burseraceae) Leaf Extracts Using In Vitro and In Vivo Assays

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Maria Lúcia da Silva Cordeiro ◽  
Ana Raquel Carneiro Ribeiro ◽  
Luciana Fentanes Moura de Melo ◽  
Lucas Felipe da Silva ◽  
Gabriel Pereira Fidelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
In Vivo Assays

Commiphora leptophloeos is widely used in folk medicine without any scientific basis. Considering this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical profile and the antioxidant activity of C. leptophloeos leaf extracts using in vitro and in vivo assays. Six extracts were obtained from fresh leaves using a serial extraction (nonpolar to polar solvents). These extracts were first evaluated with the presence of phytochemical compounds using the methods thin layer chromatography (TLC), ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-DAD), and high performance liquid chromatography, both with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Based on the compounds identified, it was used some bioinformatics tools in order to identify possible pathway and gene targets. After that, the antioxidant capacity from these extracts was analysed by in vitro assays and in vivo assays using Caenorhabditis elegans model. Phytochemical analyses showed the presence of polyphenols, such as rutin, vitexin, and quercetin diglycosides in all extracts, especially in ethanol extract (EE) and methanol extract (EM). Bioinformatics analysis showed these polyphenols linked to antioxidant pathways. Furthermore, EE and EM displayed a high antioxidant capacity in DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging assays. They also had no effect on cell viability for 3T3 nontumour cell. However, for B16-F10 tumour cell lines, these extracts had toxicity effect. In vivo assays using C. elegans N2 showed that EE was not toxic, and it did not affect its viability nor its development. Besides, EE increased worm survival under oxidative stress and reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by 50%. Thus, C. leptophloeos EE displayed an important in vitro and in vivo antioxidant capacity. The EE extract has polyphenols, suggesting that these compounds may be responsible for a myriad of biological activities having this potential to be used in various biotechnological applications.

A in Vivo Assay for Standardizing Heparin Preparations

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (03) ◽  
pp. 576-582
Author(s):  
A R Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
British Pharmacopoeia ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Standard Preparation ◽  
Reliable Estimation ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Heparin Preparation

SummaryThe limitations of currently used in vitro assays of heparin have demonstrated the need for an in vivo method suitable for routine use.The in vivo method which is described in this paper uses, for each heparin preparation, four groups of five mice which are injected intravenously with heparin according to a “2 and 2 dose assay” procedure. The method is relatively rapid, requiring 3 to 4 hours to test five heparin preparations against a standard preparation of heparin. Levels of accuracy and precision acceptable for the requirements of the British Pharmacopoeia are obtained by combining the results of 3 to 4 assays of a heparin preparation.The similarity of results obtained the in vivo method and the in vitro method of the British Pharmacopoeia for heparin preparations of lung and mucosal origin validates this in vivo method and, conversely, demonstrates that the in vitro method of the British Pharmacopoeia gives a reliable estimation of the in vivo activity of heparin.

Potentially Thrombogenic Materials in Factor IX Concentrates

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 617-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S Kingdon ◽  
R. L Lundblad ◽  
J. J Veltkamp ◽  
D. L Aronson
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Substantial Agreement ◽  
Coefficient Of Correlation

SummaryFactor IX concentrates manufactured from human plasma and intended for therapeutic infusion in man have been suspected for some time of being potentially thrombogenic. In the current studies, assays were carried out in vitro and in vivo for potentially thrombogenic materials. It was possible to rank the various materials tested according to the amount of thrombogenic material detected. For concentrates not containing heparin, there was substantial agreement between the in vivo and in vitro assays, with a coefficient of correlation of 0.77. There was no correlation between the assays for thrombogenicity and the antithrombin III content. We conclude that many presently available concentrates of Factor IX contain substantial amounts of potentially thrombogenic enzymes, and that this fact must be considered in arriving at the decision whether or not to use them therapeutically.

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