scholarly journals Non-invasive metabolomics biomarkers of production efficiency and beef carcass quality traits

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia M. Artegoitia ◽  
J. W. Newman ◽  
A. P. Foote ◽  
S. D. Shackelford ◽  
D. A. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Stage 1

AbstractThe inter-cattle growth variations stem from the interaction of many metabolic processes making animal selection difficult. We hypothesized that growth could be predicted using metabolomics. Urinary biomarkers of cattle feed efficiency were explored using mass spectrometry-based untargeted and targeted metabolomics. Feed intake and weight-gain was measured in steers (n = 75) on forage-based growing rations (stage-1, 84 days) followed by high-concentrate finishing rations (stage-2, 84 days). Urine from days 0, 21, 42, 63, and 83 in each stage were analyzed from steers with the greater (n = 14) and least (n = 14) average-daily-gain (ADG) and comparable dry-matter-intake (DMI; within 0.32 SD of the mean). Steers were slaughtered after stage-2. Adjusted fat-thickness and carcass-yield-grade increased in greater-ADG-cattle selected in stage-1, but carcass traits did not differ between ADG-selected in stage-2. Overall 85 untargeted metabolites segregated greater- and least-ADG animals, with overlap across diets (both stages) and breed type, despite sampling time effects. Total 18-bile acids (BAs) and 5-steroids were quantified and associated with performance and carcass quality across ADG-classification depending on the stage. Stepwise logistic regression of urinary BA and steroids had > 90% accuracy identifying efficient-ADG-steers. Urine metabolomics provides new insight into the physiological mechanisms and potential biomarkers for feed efficiency.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Metabolomics Biomarkers of Production Efficiency and Beef Carcass Quality Traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia M. Artegoitia ◽  
J. W. Newman ◽  
A. P. Foote ◽  
S. D. Shackelford ◽  
D.A. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Stage 1

Abstract The inter-cattle growth variations stem from the interaction of many metabolic processes making animal selection difficult. We hypothesized that growth could be predicted using metabolomics. Urinary biomarkers of cattle feed efficiency were explored using mass spectrometry-based untargeted and targeted metabolomics. Feed intake and weight-gain was measured in steers (n=75) on forage-based growing rations (stage-1, 84 d) followed by high-concentrate finishing rations (stage-2, 84 d). Urine from days 0, 21, 42, 63, and 83 in each stage were analyzed from steers with the greater (n = 14) and least (n = 14) average-daily-gain (ADG) and comparable dry-matter-intake (DMI; within 0.32 SD of the mean). Steers were slaughtered after stage-2. Adjusted fat-thickness and carcass-yield-grade increased in greater-ADG-cattle selected in stage-1, but carcass traits did not differ between ADG-selected in stage-2. Overall 85 untargeted metabolites segregated greater- and least-ADG animals, with overlap across diets (both stages) and breed type, despite sampling time effects. Total 18-BAs and 5-steroids were quantified and associated with performance and carcass quality across ADG-classification depending on the stage. Stepwise logistic regression of urinary BA and steroids had >90% accuracy identifying efficient-ADG-steers. Urine metabolomics provides new insight into the physiological mechanisms and potential biomarkers for feed efficiency.

scholarly journals PSXII-19 Urine Metabolomics Analysis Associated with Feed Efficiency on Crossbred Steers during the Growing and Finishing Period on Forage- and Concentrate- Based Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 442-442
Author(s):  
Harvey C Freetly ◽  
Virginia Artegoitia ◽  
John Newman ◽  
Ron Lewis ◽  
Andrew P Foote
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Urine Metabolomics

Abstract A discovery project to identify non-invasive biomarkers that can detect subtle metabolic discrepancies for cattle feed efficiency was performed using untargeted and targeted urine metabolomics by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Individual feed intake and body weight gain were measured in crossbred steers (n = 80) on a forage-based growing ration (stage-1) followed by a high-concentrate diet finishing ration (stage-2). Urine was collected on study days 0, 21, 42, 63, and 83 for each dietary stage. In total, 28 steers with the greatest and the least average daily-gain (ADG) within 0.32 SD of the mean of dry-matter-intake (DMI) were used. A principal component analysis of the untargeted metabolites fully segregated the highest-ADG and lowest-ADG animals, with overlap across diets (both stages). The urinary untargeted metabolites that segregated the ADG-groups (n = 199; P < 0.05), included steroid-hormones, bile-acids, alpha-linolenic acid metabolites, vitamin-B6, along with products of glycine, serine and threonine metabolism (metabolic pathway analysis: impact-value > 0.50; FDR < 0.10). Bile acids and steroids were then quantified in urine and their associations with animal performance and carcass composition evaluated by correlation and multiple logistic regression AUC-ROC curve analyses. In stage-1, urine concentration of cortisone was associated (P < 0.05) with ADG (r = -0.28), DMI (r = -0.40) and ribeye-area (r = -0.28); cortisol was associated with DMI (r = -0.32; P < 0.01) and testosterone was associated with ADG (r = -0.28; P < 0.01). The urine concentrations of 18 measured bile acids were negatively associated (P < 0.05) with DMI, and secondary bile acids were negatively associated (P < 0.01) with marbling and hot-carcass-weight. In stage-2, negative association between the bile acids glycocholic acid and deoxycholic acid with marbling and hot-carcass-weight were identified. Urine metabolomics provide new insight into the physiological mechanisms and potential biomarkers of cattle feed efficiency. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

scholarly journals PSIV-B-28 Late-Breaking: Performance and carcass quality of Nelore bull’s progenies with contrasting traits for precocity, growth and muscularity

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 319-321
Author(s):  
Taiane S Martins ◽  
Juliana Silva ◽  
Lenise Mueller ◽  
Tamyres Amorim ◽  
Annelise Aila G Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Nelore Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance and the carcass traits of Nelore cattle progenies from bulls selected by contrasting traits for precocity, growth and muscularity, through the Expected Progeny Difference (EPD). One hundred and five Nelore bulls (initial weight of 350kg±15kg) and 20 months of age were confined and fed with same diet (73% of concentrate). Thirty-two animals were selected to create the contrasting groups for precocity, growth and muscularity (16 animals assigned as a low EPD group - LEPD and 16 animals assigned as a high EPD group - HEPD), based on the EPD of their parents. The ribeye area and backfat thickness were performed by ultrasonography of 12–13th rib fat thickness and longissimus muscle area (LMA), as well as rump fat thickness (RF) measurements. Animals were harvested after 100 days and during the deboning, meat cuts were weight for cutting yield. The animals selected for the HEPD group had greater average daily gain (P = 0.006), which can be explained by the higher feed intake (P = 0.006). However, there are no difference between groups for the final body weight (P = 0.254) and feed efficiency (P = 0.715). The LEPD group presented higher dressing percentage (P = 0.028). Although the groups evaluated did not presented difference in LMA (P = 0.329) and weight of longissimus muscle (P = 0.480), the weight of rump displayed heaviest in the HEPD (P = 0.037). There was no difference between groups for RF (P = 0.086). Nevertheless, backfat thickness was higher in HEPD group (P = 0.006). The present study indicates that Nelore cattle progenies, with parents displaying higher potential for precocity, growth, and muscularity, show greater backfat thickness and weightiest of rump than the other genetic backgrounds. Thanks to FAPESP for the scholarship (Grant # 2017/02349–1).

scholarly journals EFISIENSI PRODUKSI SAPI POTONG PADA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT PADA MUSIM KEMARAU DI DAERAH PERTANIAN LAHAN KERING KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Handayanta ◽  
Lutojo Lutojo ◽  
Kurniasih Nurdiati
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmer ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Daily Gain

<p><em>This research was conducted to know the production efficiency of beef cattle in smallholder farmer in a dry farming area at dry season. Research has been started on June and finished on September (dry season) at smallholder farmer in the village Kemejing, Semin subdistrict, district Gunungkidul, DIY. The research materials are 28 heads of beef cattle from 17 farmers, which consist of 10 heads of PO breed, 10 heads of a Simpo breed, and 8 heads of Limpo breed with 292.25 kg of initial body weight. This research was using Participatory Rural Appraisal method which is a collecting data process that an active teamwork between data collector and farmer. Collected parameter are feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency, feed cost per gain (FC/G), and income over feed cost (IOFC). Data resulting from this research are 8.42 kg/head/day of feed intake, 0.19 kg/head/day of ADG, 0.021 of feed efficiency, Rp 46.166,62 of feed cost per gain, and Rp 3.985,55 of income over feed cost. It can be concluded that the efficient production of beef cattle in smallholder farmer at the dry area is low because average daily gain, feed cost per gain and income over feed cost produced are extremely small so if the calculated economic result is less favorable.</em></p>

scholarly journals Animal performance, carcass quality and economics of cattle finished after grazing endophyte-infected, endophyte-free or nonergot alkaloid-producing endophyte-infected tall fescue

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 253-255
Author(s):  
S.K. Duckett ◽  
R.C. Lacy ◽  
J.G. Andrae ◽  
C.S. Hoveland ◽  
J.H. Bouton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Daily Gain

Angus-cross steers grazed wild type endophyte-infected (E+), nonergot alkaloid-producing endophyte-infected (AR542), or endophyte-free (E-) tall fescue pastures at two locations. Twenty-four animals per location were transported to a research feedlot after the completion of the grazing phase and fed for 100 d. Grazing average daily gain (ADG) was 0.47 kg/d greater (P=0.001) for cattle grazing AR542 than those grazing E+ pastures. In the feedlot, overall ADG did not differ among AR542 and E+ (P=0.40) or AR542 and E- (P=0.19), and averaged 2.09 + 0.15 kg/d across all treatments. Feed efficiency was greater (P=0.02) for E+ than AR542. Hot carcass weight was 40 kg greater (P=0.01) for AR542 than E+. Other carcass traits did not differ (P≥0.10) among treatments. Net present values (NPV) were $177.08/ha for E- and $336.76/ha for AR542 compared to E+. Keywords: beef, endophyte, carcass

scholarly journals 401 Effect of zinc source and ractopamine hydrochloride on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of steers fed in confinement to harvest

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
John Wagner ◽  
William T Nelson ◽  
Terry Engle ◽  
Jerry Spears ◽  
Jeff Heldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Zinc Source ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Four hundred and thirty-two beef steers (346.3 ± 63.7 kg BW) were used to determine the effects of Zn source on feedlot cattle fed ractopamine hydrochloride. Cattle were blocked in groups of 54 by BW and housed in 48 pens containing 9 steers per pen. Pens within a weight block were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, with factors being: 1) 0 or 30.1 mg of ractopamine HCl/kg DM fed during the final 29 days on feed; and 2) Zn source: 90 mg of supplemental Zn/kg DM from ZnSO4; Zn sulfate (67%) + Zn methionine (33%); and Zn from Zn hydroxychloride, fed through the entire feeding period. Cattle were fed a high concentrate finishing diet for 154 d and slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. Average daily gain, DMI, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics were determined after slaughter. Zinc source had no impact on live animal performance. Cattle fed ractopamine HCl had greater (P &lt; 0.01) final BW, greater (P &lt; 0.001) ADG, improved (P &lt; 0.001) G:F, heavier (P &lt; 0.01) HCW, and larger (P &lt; 0.05) longissimus muscle compared to non-ractopamine supplemented steers. There was a Zn source by ractopamine interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for dressing percentage. Cattle receiving ractopamine HCl with Zn hydroxychloride had a greater dressing percentage (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to ractopamine HCl cattle fed other Zn sources. Cattle receiving ractopamine HCl with Zn sulfate had a lesser dressing percentage (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to ractopamine HCl cattle fed other Zn sources. Additional Zn source by ractopamine HCl interactions were not significant. These data indicate that Zn source has minimal impacts on feedlot steer performance and carcass characteristics when supplemented to cattle receiving 0.0 or 30.1 mg of ractopamine HCl/kg DM.

scholarly journals 268 Administering an appeasing substance to optimize welfare and performance of receiving cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 193-193
Author(s):  
Eduardo Colombo ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Alice Brandão ◽  
Jacob Wiegand ◽  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This experiment evaluated the impacts of bovine appeasing substance (BAS) administration on performance, health, and physiological responses of feedlot cattle during a 45-d receiving period. A total of 342 recently-weaned Angus-influenced steers, originating from 16 cow-calf operations, were obtained from an auction yard on d -1 and road-transported (12 h) to the feedlot. Upon arrival on d 0, body weight (BW) was recorded and steers were ranked by BW and source and assigned to receive BAS (Nutricorp, Araras, SP, Brazil; n = 171) or placebo (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; CON; n = 171). Treatments (5 mL) were topically applied to the nuchal skin area of each animal. Within treatment, calves were allocated to 1 of 24 drylot pens (12 pens/treatment) and received a free choice total-mixed ration from d 1 to 45. Calves were assessed for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) signs and feed intake was recorded from each pen daily. Steer BW was again recorded on d 1, 7, 17, 31, and 45, whereas blood samples were collected from 5 steers/pen concurrently with each BW assessment. Average daily gain was greater (P = 0.05) in BAS vs. CON calves, although final BW did not differ (P = 0.36) between treatments. No treatment effects were detected for feed intake (P = 0.95), resulting in greater (P = 0.05) feed efficiency in BAS vs. CON steers. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.37) for plasma concentrations of haptoglobin, whereas plasma cortisol concentrations were greater (P = 0.05) in CON vs. BAS steers on d 7 (treatment × day; P = 0.07). Incidence of BRD was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in BAS vs. CON on d 6 to 10 and d 18 to 21 (treatment × day; P &lt; 0.01), although overall BRD incidence did not differ (P = 0.24) between treatments. The number of antimicrobial treatments required per steer diagnosed with BRD symptoms to recover from sickness was greater (P = 0.04) in CON vs. BAS calves. No treatment differences were detected (P ≥ 0.41) for mortality incidence, or proportion of steers removed from the experiment due to extreme sickness. Results from this experiment indicate BAS administration upon feedlot entry improved average daily gain by enhancing feed efficiency. Administration of BAS facilitated earlier detection of BRD and reduced the need for antimicrobial treatments. Collectively, these results suggest BAS administration as a promising strategy to benefit performance and immunocompetence of feedlot receiving cattle.

scholarly journals Effect of monensin sodium associative to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on the performance of feedlot finished steers

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Julio Cezar Heker Junior ◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Robson Kyoshi Ueno ◽  
Margarete Kimie Falbo ◽  
Sandra Galbeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Fat Thickness

The objective of this study was to evaluate the associative effect of monensin sodium to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on performance, consumption of nutrients and dry matter, apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics of feedlot finished steers. The experiment lasted 106 days with 10 days of adaptation and 96-day trial, and had 32 crosses angus steers, average age 12 months and average weight of 376 kg, divided into 16 stalls, the weighing took place every 21 days and at the end of the experiment. The treatments consisted of the combination of the following additives to the diet included: Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 (MO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 (MO+EO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + virginiamycin, 200 mg day-1 (MO+VI); Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 + virginiamycin day, 200 mg day-1 (MO+EO+VI), each treatment had four repetitions, where each repetitions consisted of a bay with two animals. The MO+VI association in relation to MO only increase in average daily gain (ADG) of 24.44%, 22.35%, 21.10% and 17.31% in weighing 42, 63, 84 and 96 days, similar the combination of MO+EO+VI which provided an improvement of 21.94%, 13.59%, 15.45% and 14.75% respectively in the same weightings. The daily carcass gain and carcass overall gain were higher in associations MO+VI and MO+EO+VI and provided an average gain of 16.67 kg more compared to MO and MO+EO. In the parameters feed efficiency, dry matter intake and nutrient expressed in kg day-1 and percentage of live weight were not observed differences (P > 0.05) between treatments. Data on apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics did not show statistical difference between treatment, except for fat thickness which was higher when associated with any of the additives to the MO, and farm weight was higher in associations containing VI. Associating MO+VI or MO+EO+VI proved to be best in this work compared to MO+EO or only MO in the diets of steers in termination.

Subcutaneous fat thickness at slaughter in castrated and non-castrated Santa Inês and Dorper lambs and its influence on meat and carcass quality

2021 ◽  
pp. 104694
Author(s):  
Francisco Fernandes Junior ◽  
Amanda de Freitas Pena ◽  
Fernando Augusto Grandis ◽  
Natalia Albieri Koritiaki ◽  
Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Santa Inês

PSIV-2 A comparison of feedlot growth and performance of beef x Holstein crossbred steers and Holstein steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
Bailey L Basiel ◽  
Chad D Dechow ◽  
Tara L Felix
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Objectives were to compare feedlot performance and carcass traits of F1 beef × Holstein steers and Holstein steers. Angus or Limousin × Holstein crossbred [n = 27; age = 12 ± 3 months; body weight (BW) = 435 ± 8 kg] and Holstein (n = 20; age = 11 ± 2 months; BW = 400 ± 9 kg) steers were fed at the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture Livestock Evaluation Center for 111 days. Feed intake was recorded using the GrowSafe Feed Intake Monitoring System (Model 4000E, GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Calgary AB, Canada). The diet contained corn silage, dried distillers grains, soybean meal, and cracked corn and was formulated to meet or exceed the requirements of beef cattle (NASEM, 2016). Growth performance variables of interest and carcass measurements were analyzed with the Mixed procedure of SAS (SAS 9.4; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). USDA assigned quality grades (QG) and yield grades (YG) were analyzed the with GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Breed was a fixed effect in all models. There were no differences (P &gt; 0.05) between breeds in average daily gain or feed efficiency. Crossbreds exceeded Holsteins in initial (P &lt; 0.01) and final BW (P = 0.01), dry matter intake (P = 0.03), hot carcass weight (P &lt; 0.01), backfat (P = 0.03), and ribeye area (REA; P &lt; 0.01). Thirty-five percent (35%) of the Holsteins received a QG of Choice or above while 74% of crossbreds graded USDA Choice or above (P = 0.01). However, 75% of Holsteins were YG 2 or lower while only 45% of crossbreds achieved YG 2 or less (P = 0.05). There was no improvement in efficiency when crossbreds were compared to Holsteins; however, carcasses from crossbreds were more likely to grade USDA Choice or above while yielding greater REA and backfat than Holsteins.

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