scholarly journals Corals regulate the distribution and abundance of Symbiodiniaceae and biomolecules in response to changing water depth and sea surface temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayandi Sivaguru ◽  
Lauren G. Todorov ◽  
Courtney E. Fouke ◽  
Cara M. O. Munro ◽  
Kyle W. Fouke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Mucus Production

AbstractThe Scleractinian corals Orbicella annularis and O. faveolata have survived by acclimatizing to environmental changes in water depth and sea surface temperature (SST). However, the complex physiological mechanisms by which this is achieved remain only partially understood, limiting the accurate prediction of coral response to future climate change. This study quantitatively tracks spatial and temporal changes in Symbiodiniaceae and biomolecule (chromatophores, calmodulin, carbonic anhydrase and mucus) abundance that are essential to the processes of acclimatization and biomineralization. Decalcified tissues from intact healthy Orbicella biopsies, collected across water depths and seasonal SST changes on Curaçao, were analyzed with novel autofluorescence and immunofluorescence histology techniques that included the use of custom antibodies. O. annularis at 5 m water depth exhibited decreased Symbiodiniaceae and increased chromatophore abundances, while O. faveolata at 12 m water depth exhibited inverse relationships. Analysis of seasonal acclimatization of the O. faveolata holobiont in this study, combined with previous reports, suggests that biomolecules are differentially modulated during transition from cooler to warmer SST. Warmer SST was also accompanied by decreased mucus production and decreased Symbiodiniaceae abundance, which is compensated by increased photosynthetic activity enhanced calcification. These interacting processes have facilitated the remarkable resiliency of the corals through geological time.

Climate Change as Observed in the Bay of Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
P.R. Rajalakshmi ◽  
Hema Achyuthan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Time Data

The Bay of Bengal covers a vast expanse of area, it being warmer, holds signatures of climate change. Its impact and the parameters have been studied in terms of rise in temperature, sea level change, increased rainfall, drought, heat waves, the intensity of tropical cyclones, ocean acidification and ocean productivity. In the last 45 years, sea surface temperature (SST) has risen by 0.2 to 0.3°C and is projected to rise further by 2.0 to 3.5°C by the end of this century. As a result, the sea level is expected to also rise 37 cm by 2050. The Bay of Bengal is witnessing an increase in the intensity of cyclones in the last two decades. Floods and droughts have increased over the years and are a growing threat to plant and animal life. Ocean acidification and increase in the sea surface temperature have made many fish species a major part of the coastal food chain vulnerable to its productivity. Hence, the collection of real time data and its continuous monitoring of the Bay of Bengal is essential to predict and project the future climate change to its accuracy both in space and time.

scholarly journals A 60-Year Time Series Analyses of the Upwelling along the Portuguese Coast

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1285
Author(s):  
Francisco Leitão ◽  
Vânia Baptista ◽  
Vasco Vieira ◽  
Patrícia Laginha Silva ◽  
Paulo Relvas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Portuguese Coast ◽  
Increase Rate ◽  
Time Series Analyses

Coastal upwelling has a significant local impact on marine coastal environment and on marine biology, namely fisheries. This study aims to evaluate climate and environmental changes in upwelling trends between 1950 and 2010. Annual, seasonal and monthly upwelling trends were studied in three different oceanographic areas of the Portuguese coast (northwestern—NW, southwestern—SW, and south—S). Two sea surface temperature datasets, remote sensing (RS: 1985–2009) and International Comprehensive Ocean—Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS: 1950–2010), were used to estimate an upwelling index (UPWI) based on the difference between offshore and coastal sea surface temperature. Time series analyses reveal similar yearly and monthly trends between datasets A decrease of the UPWI was observed, extending longer than 20 years in the NW (1956–1979) and SW (1956–1994), and 30 years in the S (1956–1994). Analyses of sudden shifts reveal long term weakening and intensification periods of up to 30 years. This means that in the past 60 years a normal climate UPWI occurred along the Portuguese coast. An intensification of UPWI was recorded in recent decades regardless of the areas (RS: 1985–2009). Such an intensification rate (linear increase in UPWI) is only significant in S in recent decades (increase rate: ICOADS = 0.02 °C decade-1; RS = 0.11 °C decade-1) while in NW and SW the increase rate is meaningless. In NW more stable UPWI conditions were recorded, however average UPWI values increased in autumn and winter in NW in recently decades (RS: 1985–2009). An intensification rate of UPWI was recorded during summer (July, August and September) in SW and S in latter decades (RS: 1985–2009). The average UPWI values increased in recent decades in autumn in S. Marked phenological changes were observed in S in summer (before downwelling conditions prevail whilst recently when UPWI regimes prevail) with UPWI seasonal regime in S in recent decades becoming similar to those found in SW and NW. Results of this work can contribute to a better understanding of how upwelling dynamics affect/are correlated with biological data.

scholarly journals THE USE OF REMOTE SENSING, REGRESSION QUANTILES, AND GIS APPROACHES FOR MODELING OF SCALLOP LARVAE: A Case Study in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Radiarta
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Funka Bay ◽  
Scallop Larvae

In the development of scallop cultivation in Japan, larvae collection and propagation become an important factor. Although the monitoring program has been conducted, modeling of species distribution is becoming an important tool for understanding the effects of environmental changes and resources management. This study was conducted to construct a model for providing estimation of the scallop larvae distribution in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan using the integration of remote sensing, Regression Quantile (RQ) and Geographic Information System (GIS)-based model. Data on scallop larvae were collected during one year spawning season from April to July 2003. Environmental parameters were extracted from multi sensor remotely sensed data (chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature) and a hydrographic chart (water depth). These parameters together with larvae data were then analyzed using RQ. Finally, spatial models were constructed within a GIS by combining the RQ models with digital map of environmental parameters. The results show that the model was best explained by using only sea surface temperature. The highest larvae densities were predicted in a relatively broad distribution along with the shallow water regions (Toyoura and Sawara to Yakumo) and the deeper water areas (center of the bay). The spatial model built from the RQ provided robust estimation of the scallop larvae distributions in the study area, as confirmed by model validation using independent data. These findings could contribute on the monitoring program in this region in order to distinguish the potential areas for an effective spat collection.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA TEMPERATURA SUPERFICIAL DEL MAR Y CLIMATOLOGÍA DE LA BAHÍA DE LA PAZ, B.C.S., MÉXICO

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
G. Martínez-Flores ◽  
R. Cervantes Duarte ◽  
E. González-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Noaa Avhrr

Se analizaron 4175 imágenes diarias captadas con el sensor NOAA/AVHRR de julio de 1997 a diciembre de 2004, con el propósito de caracterizar la climatología y variación interanual de TSM en la Bahía de La Paz. A partir de la información se generaron 88 meses de anomalías de TSM y se realizó un análisis de componentes principa les (CP). Se obtuvieron tres componentes que explican en su conjunto el 50.32% de la varianza total de los datos originales de anomalías (32.68%, 11.95% y 5.69% respectivamente). El CP1 presenta los valores de correlación más altos al noroeste de la bahía, con un gradiente decreciendo hacia el sureste. Este componente tiene una alta correlación espacial con la batimetría de la bahía, y temporal con respecto a los meses cálidos. Los valores más altos del CP2 se sitúan en el centro de la bahía, decreciendo hacia el noroeste y sureste. Este patrón espacial se ubica en la zona en la que se ha detectado un gran girociclónico, por lo que atribuimos a este componente la influencia de tal efecto de circulación. El CP3 sitúa sumás alta correlación a lo largo de la costa oeste de la bahía, zona fuertemente influenciada por la corriente litoral a lo largo de la costa. Las fluctuaciones en la TSM en la zona y el período de estudio, no presentaron una correlación significativa con respecto al Indice Oscilación Sur y el Indice El Niño Oscilación Sur, probablemente debido a que la Bahía de La Paz tenga rasgos batimétricos y oceanográficos que determinan una respuesta peculiar a los cambios ambientales. Characterization of the sea surface temperature and climatology of the Bay of La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico 4175 daily NOAA/AVHRR sea surface temperature (SST) images from July of 1997 to December of 2004 were analyzed, in order to characterize the climatology and interannual variation of SST in the Bay of La Paz. From this information, 88 months of SST anomalies were estimated and principal components (PC) analysis was performed. Three components were obtained that explain as a whole the 50.32% of the total variance of the original data of anomalies (32.68%, 11.95% and 5.69% res pectively). PC1 displays the higher values of correlation to the northwest of the bay, with a gradient decreasing to wards the southeast. This component has a high spatial correlation with the bathymetry of the bay, and temporal to the warm months. The highest values of PC2 are located in center of the bay, decreasing to wards the northwest and southeast. This spatial pattern is located in the zone where a large cycloniceddy has been detected. For this reason we attributed this component the influence of such circulation effect. PC3 higher correlation lies throughout the westcoast of the bay, a zone strongly influenced by the long shore current. The SST fluctuations in the zone and the period of study did not display a significant correlation with respect to the Southern Oscillation Index or El Niño Southern Oscillation, probably because the Bay of La Paz is an area with bathymetric and oceanographic characteristics that determine a peculiar response to environmental changes.

scholarly journals The distribution of yellowfin tuna based on sea surface temperature and water depth parameters in the Bone Gulf, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 012064
Author(s):  
Safruddin ◽  
Rachmat Hidayat ◽  
Yashinta Kumala Dewi ◽  
Moh. Tauhid Omar ◽  
St. Aisjah Farhum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Yellowfin Tuna ◽  
Sea Surface

scholarly journals The Pacific–Indian Ocean associated mode in CMIP5 models

Ocean Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghao Yang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Weilai Shi ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Jianqi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Basin Scale

Abstract. The Pacific–Indian Ocean associated mode (PIOAM), defined as the first dominant mode (empirical orthogonal function, EOF1) of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the Pacific–Indian Ocean between 20∘ S and 20∘ N, is the product of the tropical air–sea interaction at the cross-basin scale and the main mode of ocean variation in the tropics. Evaluating the capability of current climate models to simulate the PIOAM and finding the possible factors that affect the simulation results are beneficial in the pursuit of more accurate future climate change prediction. Based on the 55-year Hadley Centre Global Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (HadISST) dataset and the output data from 21 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phase 5 (CMIP5) models, the PIOAM in these CMIP5 models is assessed. Instead of using the time coefficient (PC1) of the PIOAM as its index, we chose to utilize the alternative PIOAM index (PIOAMI), defined with SSTA differences in the boxes, to describe the PIOAM. It is found that the explained variance of the PIOAM in almost all 21 CMIP5 models is underestimated. Although all models reproduce the spatial pattern of the positive sea surface temperature anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific well, only one-third of these models successfully simulate the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) mode with the east–west inverse phase in the Pacific Ocean. In general, CCSM4, GFDL-ESM2M and CMCC-CMS have a stronger capability to capture the PIOAM than the other models. The strengths of the PIOAM in the positive phase in less than one-fifth of the models are slightly greater, and very close to the HadISST dataset, especially CCSM4. The interannual variation of the PIOAM can be measured by CCSM4, GISS-E2-R and FGOALS-s2.

scholarly journals A METHOD OF WATER DEPTH INVERSION IN COASTAL AREA CONSIDERING TEMPERATURE INFORMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol V-3-2021 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
X. Gao ◽  
G. Wang ◽  
T. Zhang ◽  
J. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Nonlinear Inversion ◽  
Depth Data ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Measured Water

Abstract. The remote sensing method for water depth inversion is fast, flexible, and low in cost, which has become an important means of method for water depth detection. This paper takes the coastal area where is around Gulangyu Island as the research area. Based on the spectral reflectance, sea surface temperature (SST) and measured water depth data, a nonlinear inversion model of water depth is established by using BP neural network. Combined with the tide data, the water depth and underwater topography in coastal area is obtained. The average relative error is 0.27. The root mean square error is 1.92. The results show that the participation of sea surface temperature in the model construction can improve the inversion error of offshore water depth to a certain extent, and can help improve the accuracy of the model.

scholarly journals The Pacific-Indian Ocean Associated Mode in CMIP5 Models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghao Yang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Weilai Shi ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Jianqi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Basin Scale

Abstract. The Pacific-Indian Ocean associated mode (PIOAM) is the product of the tropical air-sea interaction at the cross-basin scale and the main mode of ocean variation in the tropics. Evaluating the capability of current climate models to simulate the PIOAM and finding the possible factors that affect the simulation results are beneficial to obtain more accurate future climate change prediction. Based on 55-yr the Hadley Centre Global Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (HadISST) reanalysis and the output data from twenty-one Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phase 5 (CMIP5) models, the PIOAM in these CMIP5 models is assessed. It is found that the explained variance of PIOAM in almost all twenty-one CMIP5 models are underestimated. Although all models reproduce the spatial pattern of the positive sea surface temperature anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific well, only one-third of these models successfully simulate the ENSO mode with the east-west inverse phase in the Pacific Ocean. In general, CCSM4, GFDL-ESM2M and CMCC-CMS have a stronger capability to capture the PIOAM than that of the other models. The strengths of the PIOAM in the positive phase in less than one-fifth of the models are slightly stronger, and very close to HadISST reanalysis, especially in CCSM4. The interannual variation of PIOAM can be measured by CCSM4, GISS-E2-R and FGOALS-s2. Further analysis indicates that considering the carbon cycle, resolving stratosphere, chemical process or increasing the horizontal resolution of the atmospheric model may effectively improve the performance of the model to simulate the PIOAM.

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