scholarly journals A general framework to model the fate of trace elements in anaerobic digestion environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikash Chandra Maharaj ◽  
Maria Rosaria Mattei ◽  
Luigi Frunzo ◽  
Eric D. van Hullebusch ◽  
Giovanni Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Site Density ◽  
Dosing Strategy ◽  
Complexation Reactions ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

AbstractDue to the multiplicity of biogeochemical processes taking place in anaerobic digestion (AD) systems and limitations of the available analytical techniques, assessing the bioavailability of trace elements (TEs) is challenging. Determination of TE speciation can be facilitated by developing a mathematical model able to consider the physicochemical processes affecting TEs dynamics. A modeling framework based on anaerobic digestion model no 1 (ADM1) has been proposed to predict the biogeochemical fate TEs in AD environments. In particular, the model considers the TE adsorption–desorption reactions with biomass, inerts and mineral precipitates, as well as TE precipitation/dissolution, complexation reactions and biodegradation processes. The developed model was integrated numerically, and numerical simulations have been run to investigate the model behavior. The simulation scenarios predicted the effect of (i) organic matter concentration, (ii) initial TEs concentrations, (iii) initial Ca–Mg concentrations, (iv) initial EDTA concentration, and (v) change in TE binding site density, on cumulative methane production and TE speciation. Finally, experimental data from a real case continuous AD system have been compared to the model predictions. The results prove that this modelling framework can be applied to various AD operations and may also serve as a basis to develop a model-predictive TE dosing strategy.

Major and Trace Elements in the Humic Acid

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kis ◽  
Katalin Gméling ◽  
Tímea Kocsis ◽  
János Osán ◽  
Mihály András Pocsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Gamma Activation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Precise Analysis

We present precise analysis of major and trace elements of the humic acid. We used three different element analytical techniques in our investigations as prompt-gamma activation analysis (PGAA), neutron activation analysis (NAA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was carried out. We identified 42 elements in our sample.

scholarly journals Co-Digestion of Rice Straw with Cow Manure in an Innovative Temperature Phased Anaerobic Digestion Technology: Performance Evaluation and Trace Elements

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2561
Author(s):  
Furqan Muhayodin ◽  
Albrecht Fritze ◽  
Oliver Christopher Larsen ◽  
Marcel Spahr ◽  
Vera Susanne Rotter
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Cu And Zn

Rice straw is an agricultural residue produced in abundant quantities. Open burning and plowing back the straw to the fields are common practices for its disposal. In-situ incorporation and burning cause emissions of greenhouse gas and particulate matter. Additionally, the energy potential of rice straw is lost. Anaerobic digestion is a technology that can be potentially used to utilize the surplus rice straw, provide renewable energy, circulate nutrients available in the digestate, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies. An innovative temperature phased anaerobic digestion technology was developed and carried out in a continuous circulating mode of mesophilic and hyperthermophilic conditions in a loop digester (F1). The performance of the newly developed digester was compared with the reference digester (F2) working at mesophilic conditions. Co-digestion of rice straw was carried out with cow manure to optimize the carbon to nitrogen ratio and to provide the essential trace elements required by microorganisms in the biochemistry of methane formation. F1 produced a higher specific methane yield (189 ± 37 L/kg volatile solids) from rice straw compared to F2 (148 ± 36 L/kg volatile solids). Anaerobic digestion efficiency was about 90 ± 20% in F1 and 70 ± 20% in F2. Mass fractions of Fe, Ni, Co, Mo, Cu, and Zn were analyzed over time. The mass fractions of Co, Mo, Cu, and Zn were stable in both digesters. While mass fractions of Fe and Ni were reduced at the end of the digestion period. However, no direct relationship between specific methane yield and reduced mass fraction of Fe and Ni was found. Co-digestion of rice straw with cow manure seems to be a good approach to provide trace elements except for Se.

Monitoring of Trace Elements on the Anaerobic Digestion of Saline Sewage

INCREaSE 2019 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 732-741
Author(s):  
Lauren N. M. Yabuki ◽  
Marcelo L. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion

scholarly journals Relation among geochemical elements in soil and red chicory as a tool for geographical origin identification.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Marrocchino ◽  
Serena Di Sarcina ◽  
Carlo Ragazzi ◽  
Carmela Vaccaro
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Po Delta

<p>The identification of the geographical origin of food products is important for both consumers and producers to ensure quality and avoid label falsifications. Determination and authentication of the geographical origin of food products throughout scientific research have become recently relevant in investigations against frauds for consumer protection. Advances in methods and analytical techniques led to an increase in the application of fingerprinting analysis of foods for identification of geographical origin. Since in organic material the inorganic component is more stable than the organic one, several studies examined trace elements, suggesting the potential application for determination of geographical origin. Moreover, the studies on territoriality are based on the hypothesis that chemical elements detected in plants and in their products reflect those contained in the soil and, within these studies, the geographical features of the production area, such as the soil type and the climate, are considered relevant factors affecting the specific designation, so an accurate determination of geographical origin would be necessary to guarantee the quality and territoriality of the products.</p><p>In this light, two varieties of red chicory from the southern Po Delta area have been characterized together with the soil. The two inspected red chicory varieties (long-leaves and round-leaves) are cultivated in a well-defined area in the southern part of Po Delta, in an area sited around Massenzatica (Municipality of Mesola, Province of Ferrara, NE of Italy). Sampling was undertaken between October and December 2020 and samples were collected from a randomized field. Together with the red chicory also roots and soils have been collected in order to analyze each part and correlate the geochemical data obtained using ICP-MS and XRF techniques.</p><p>Purpose of this study is to establish a method to identify the geographical origin and the results confirm that some major and trace elements could be used as geochemical markers according to the geological areas. These elements, therefore, could be useful to establish geochemical fingerprints for testing the origin of this product and create a protected designation of origin label.</p>

scholarly journals Complejación de metales por sustancias húmicas acuáticas como proceso natural, tomando como caso de estudio el Lago de Xochimilco

2022 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
María de Jesús González-Guadarrama ◽  
Silvia Elena Castillo-Blum ◽  
María Aurora Armienta
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Aquatic Humic Substances ◽  
Direct Competition ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Ph Buffer ◽  
Complexation Reactions ◽  
A Site

  Abstract 22 This work discusses the importance of organic matter, specifically Aquatic Humic Substances (SHA) 23 within the speciation and distribution of metals within an aquatic system, in this case Xochimilco 24 Lake, a site with great ecological importance. This lake is the natural habitat of the endemic species 25 “axolotl” (ajolote). In this research, complexation reactions between SHA and metals (Cu, Mn, Pb 26 and Zn) were carried out under different reaction conditions, the source of AHS was water samples 27 taken in Xochimilco Lake in presence and absence of pH buffer dissolution and varying the 28 concentration of metals. The results show that there is a direct competition between the major 29 elements and trace elements to react with the AHS. Under the pH conditions of Xochimilco Lake 30 complexes formation is possible. 31

Fluid inclusion hardening: Nanoscale evidence from naturally deformed pyrite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rogowitz ◽  
Renelle Dubosq ◽  
David Schneider ◽  
Kevin Schweinar ◽  
Baptiste Gault
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Contrast Imaging

<p>The interaction of trace elements, fluids and crystal defects plays a vital role in a crystalline material’s response to an applied stress. For example, dislocations can be arrested by the strain field of immobile defects (i.e., particles or precipitates) or by the accumulation of mobile solutes in their cores, which can lead to strain hardening. The rheology of minerals is also strongly influenced by interactions with fluids, which are typically known to facilitate ductile deformation in geomaterials (i.e., hydrolytic weakening, dissolution creep). Investigation of these nanometer scale processes however, requires a correlative approach combining high-spatial resolution analytical techniques. In recent years, increasing developments in microscopy and microanalysis have allowed for the compositional measurements and spatial imaging of materials at the near-atomic scale. Herein, we have combined electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) mapping, electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and atom probe tomography (APT) on a naturally deformed polycrystalline pyrite aggregate from the Abitibi Subprovince in Canada to investigate the role of fluid inclusions on mineral rheology. The combined EBSD and ECCI data reveal minor crystal misorientation and low-angle grain boundary development in the vicinity and at the tip of microfractures indicating a dominantly brittle regime with minor strain accommodation via crystal-plasticity where dislocations are mostly emitted by the propagating fracture. These interpretations are consistent with the peak temperature conditions of the sample estimated at 302 ± 27°C, which falls within the lower range of the brittle to crystal-plastic behaviour of pyrite (260–450°C). Nanoscale structural and chemical data reveal nanoscale fluid inclusions enriched in As, O, Na and K that are linked by As-enriched dislocations. Based on these results, we propose a model of fluid hardening whereby dislocations get pinned at fluid inclusions during crystal-plastic deformation, initiating pipe diffusion of trace elements from the fluid inclusions into dislocations that leads to their stabilization and local hardening. Although additional experiments are required on other mineral phases, our initial efforts advance the understanding of the interplay between nanostructures and impurities and its impact on the rheology of geomaterials during relatively low temperature deformation.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Recent advances in analysis of trace elements in environmental samples by X-ray based techniques (IUPAC Technical Report)

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Terzano ◽  
Melissa A. Denecke ◽  
Gerald Falkenberg ◽  
Bradley Miller ◽  
David Paterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Living Organisms

Abstract Trace elements analysis is a fundamental challenge in environmental sciences. Scientists measure trace elements in environmental media in order to assess the quality and safety of ecosystems and to quantify the burden of anthropogenic pollution. Among the available analytical techniques, X-ray based methods are particularly powerful, as they can quantify trace elements in situ. Chemical extraction is not required, as is the case for many other analytical techniques. In the last few years, the potential for X-ray techniques to be applied in the environmental sciences has dramatically increased due to developments in laboratory instruments and synchrotron radiation facilities with improved sensitivity and spatial resolution. In this report, we summarize the principles of the X-ray based analytical techniques most frequently employed to study trace elements in environmental samples. We report on the most recent developments in laboratory and synchrotron techniques, as well as advances in instrumentation, with a special attention on X-ray sources, detectors, and optics. Lastly, we inform readers on recent applications of X-ray based analysis to different environmental matrices, such as soil, sediments, waters, wastes, living organisms, geological samples, and atmospheric particulate, and we report examples of sample preparation.

Enhancing anaerobic digestion of dairy and swine wastewater by adding trace elements: evaluation in batch and continuous experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1662-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Maria Westerholm ◽  
Wei Qiao ◽  
Ahmed Mahdy ◽  
Simon M. Wandera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Continuous Systems ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Low Dosage

Abstract Trace elements play a critical role for microbial activity in anaerobic digestion (AD) but their effects were probably overestimated in batch tests and should be comparably evaluated in continuous systems. In this study, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ were added in different concentrations to manure wastewater, and the effects were compared in both batch and continuous systems. The results were used to demonstrate suitable trace element compositions for AD of dairy and swine wastewater, and to compare the outcomes from batch and continuous systems. Fe2+ and Zn2+ were identified as being the most efficient stimulant of dairy and swine wastewater respectively. The addition of 5 mg/L Fe2+ and 0.4 mg/L Zn2+ increased the batch specific methane yield by 62% and 126% for dairy and swine wastewater, respectively. Nevertheless, a lower increment of 2% and 21%, for dairy and swine wastewater was obtained in the 120-day continuously-fed experiments. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results indicated a relationship between the methanogens population, specific methanogenic activities, propionate, and dissolved hydrogen. Conclusively, the addition of a low dosage of Fe2+ and Zn2+ is a feasible strategy to enhance the methanogenic metabolism of the AD of dairy and swine wastewater respectively.

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