scholarly journals Characterization of the bacterial microbiome of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from Pecari tajacu “Sajino” Madre de Dios, Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Rojas-Jaimes ◽  
David Lindo-Seminario ◽  
Germán Correa-Núñez ◽  
Benoit Diringer
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Madre De Dios ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Pecari Tajacu

AbstractTicks are arthropods that can host and transmit pathogens to wild animals, domestic animals, and even humans. The bacterial microbiome of adult (males and females) and nymph Rhipicephalus microplus ticks collected from a collared peccary, Pecari tajacu, captured in the rural area of Botijón Village in the Amazon region of Madre de Dios, Peru, was evaluated using metagenomics. The Chao1 and Shannon–Weaver analyses indicated greater bacterial richness and diversity in female ticks (GARH; 375–4.15) and nymph ticks (GARN; 332–4.75) compared to that in male ticks (GARM; 215–3.20). Taxonomic analyses identified 185 operational taxonomic units representing 147 bacterial genera. Of the 25 most prevalent genera, Salmonella (17.5%) and Vibrio (15.0%) showed the highest relative abundance followed by several other potentially pathogenic genera, such as Paracoccus (7.8%), Staphylococcus (6.8%), Pseudomonas (6.6%), Corynebacterium (5.0%), Cloacibacterium (3.6%), and Acinetobacter (2.5%). In total, 19.7% of the detected genera are shared by GARH, GARM, and GARN, and they can be considered as the core microbiome of R. microplus. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to characterize the microbiome of ticks collected from P. tajacu and to report the presence of Salmonella and Vibrio in R. microplus. The pathogenic potential and the role of these bacteria in the physiology of R. microplus should be further investigated due to the possible implications for public health and animal health in populations neighboring the habitat of P. tajacu.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Bacterial Microbiome of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) Microplus Collected From Pecari Tajacu “sajino” Madre De Dios, Peru

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
JESUS ROJAS-JAIMES ◽  
David Lindo Seminario ◽  
German Correa Núñez ◽  
Benoit Diringer
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Madre De Dios ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Pecari Tajacu

Abstract Background: Ticks are arthropods that can host and transmit pathogens to wild animals, domestic animals, and even humans. Methods: The bacterial microbiome of adult (males and females) and nymph Rhipicephalus microplus ticks collected from a collared peccary, Pecari tajacu, captured in the rural area of ​​Botijón Village in the Amazon region of Madre de Dios, Peru, was evaluated using metagenomics. Results: The Chao1 and Shannon–Weaver analyses indicated greater bacterial richness and diversity in female ticks (GARH; 375–4.15) and nymph ticks (GARN; 332–4.75) compared to that in male ticks (GARM; 215–3.20). Taxonomic analyses identified 185 operational taxonomic units representing 147 bacterial genera. Of the 25 most prevalent genera, Salmonella (17.5%) and Vibrio (15.0%) showed the highest relative abundance followed by several other potentially pathogenic genera, such as Paracoccus (7.8%), Staphylococcus (6.8%), Pseudomonas (6.6%), Corynebacterium (5.0%), Cloacibacterium (3.6%), and Acinetobacter (2.5%). In total, 19.7% of the detected genera are shared by GARH, GARM, and GARN, and they can be considered as the core microbiome of R. microplus.Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to characterize the microbiome of ticks collected from P. tajacu and to report the presence of Salmonella and Vibrio in R. microplus. The pathogenic potential and the role of these bacteria in the physiology of R. microplus should be further investigated due to the possible implications on public health and animal health in populations neighboring the habitat of P. tajacu.

scholarly journals Characterization of the gut DNA and RNA viromes in a cohort of Chinese residents and visiting Pakistanis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiulong Yan ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Xiuli Chen ◽  
Hao Jin ◽  
Guangyang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Chinese Cohort ◽  
Host Genetic

AbstractBackgroundTrillions of viruses inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. Some of them have been well-studied on their roles in infection and human health, but the majority remain unsurveyed. It has been established that the composition of the gut virome is highly variable based on the changes of diet, physical state, and environmental factors. However, the effect of host genetic factors, e.g. ethnic origin, on the gut virome is rarely investigated.Methods and ResultsHere, we characterized and compared the gut virome in a cohort of local Chinese residents and visiting Pakistani individuals, each group containing 24 healthy adults and 6 children. Using metagenomic shotgun sequencing and assembly of fecal samples, a huge number of viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) were identified for profiling the DNA and RNA viromes. National background contributed a primary variation to individuals’ gut virome. Compared with the Chinese adults, the Pakistan adults showed higher macrodiversity and different compositional and functional structures in their DNA virome and lower diversity and altered composition in their RNA virome. The virome variations of Pakistan children were inherited from the that of the adults but also tended to share similar characteristics with the Chinese cohort. We also analyzed and compared the bacterial microbiome between two cohorts and further revealed numerous connections between virus and bacterial host. Statistically, the gut DNA and RNA viromes were covariant to some extent (p<0.001), and they both influenced the holistic bacterial composition and vice versa.ConclusionsThis study provides an overview of gut viral community in Chinese and visiting Pakistanis and proposes a considerable role of ethnic origin in shaping the virome.

scholarly journals Profiling the Lolium perenne Microbiome: From Seed to Seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Tannenbaum ◽  
Jatinder Kaur ◽  
Ross Mann ◽  
Timothy Sawbridge ◽  
Brendan Rodoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Seed Transmissibility

Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) is a common temperate pasture grass species and is favored by dairy farmers. Commercially, the known association with the mutualistic endophytic fungus Epichloë festucae subsp. lolii is used to enhance insect resistance of host plants. Knowledge of other members of the microbiome and their functions are limited. Sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was used to examine the bacterial microbiome of perennial ryegrass (Alto) seed (generation 1 [G1]), subsequent mature plants grown in soil and sand, and seed (generation 2 [G2]) from crosses of these mature plants. The G1 microbiome was dominated by the class Gammaproteobacteria. The mature plant microbiomes were far more diverse, comprising up to 37 classes inclusive of Gammaproteobacteria. Different growth media yielded different microbiome profiles in mature plants. The G2 microbiome, similar to the G1 microbiome, was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria as the primary constituent, with additional supplementation from class Bacilli. This suggests the continuation of a core microbiome which persists from seed through plant maturation to seed. This study sheds new light on the hereditability of perennial ryegrass bacterial microbiomes and has identified some operational taxonomic units of potential commercial significance due to their seed transmissibility, and their roles are currently being explored.

scholarly journals Seed-Transmitted Bacteria and Fungi Dominate Juvenile Plant Microbiomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Johnston-Monje ◽  
Janneth P. Gutiérrez ◽  
Luis Augusto Becerra Lopez-Lavalle
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
To Come ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Plant Life Cycle

Plant microbiomes play an important role in agricultural productivity, but there is still much to learn about their provenance, diversity, and organization. In order to study the role of vertical transmission in establishing the bacterial and fungal populations of juvenile plants, we used high-throughput sequencing to survey the microbiomes of seeds, spermospheres, rhizospheres, roots, and shoots of the monocot crops maize (B73), rice (Nipponbare), switchgrass (Alamo), Brachiaria decumbens, wheat, sugarcane, barley, and sorghum; the dicot crops tomato (Heinz 1706), coffee (Geisha), common bean (G19833), cassava, soybean, pea, and sunflower; and the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia-0) and Brachypodium distachyon (Bd21). Unsterilized seeds were planted in either sterile sand or farm soil inside hermetically sealed jars, and after as much as 60 days of growth, DNA was extracted to allow for amplicon sequence-based profiling of the bacterial and fungal populations that developed. Seeds of most plants were dominated by Proteobacteria and Ascomycetes, with all containing operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to Pantoea and Enterobacter. All spermospheres also contained DNA belonging to Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Fusarium. Despite having only seeds as a source of inoculum, all plants grown on sterile sand in sealed jars nevertheless developed rhizospheres, endospheres, and phyllospheres dominated by shared Proteobacteria and diverse fungi. Compared to sterile sand-grown seedlings, growth on soil added new microbial diversity to the plant, especially to rhizospheres; however, all 63 seed-transmitted bacterial OTUs were still present, and the most abundant bacteria (Pantoea, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and Massilia) were the same dominant seed-transmitted microbes observed in sterile sand-grown plants. While most plant mycobiome diversity was observed to come from soil, judging by read abundance, the dominant fungi (Fusarium and Alternaria) were also vertically transmitted. Seed-transmitted fungi and bacteria appear to make up the majority of juvenile crop plant microbial populations by abundance, and based on occupancy, there seems to be a pan-angiosperm seed-transmitted core bacterial microbiome. Further study of these seed-transmitted microbes will be important to understand their role in plant growth and health, as well as their fate during the plant life cycle and may lead to innovations for agricultural inoculant development.

scholarly journals Detection of Leishmania (V) guyanensis in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from Pecari tajacu

Biomédica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús E. Rojas-Jaimes ◽  
Germán H. Correa-Nuñez ◽  
Nyshon Rojas ◽  
Omar Cáceres-Rey
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
High Resolution Melt ◽  
La Selva ◽  
Madre De Dios ◽  
Pecari Tajacu

Introducción. En estudios previos se detectó la presencia de Leishmania infantum en Rhipicephalus sanguineus, lo cual planteaba la posibilidad de que R. sanguineus transmitiera la leishmaniasis a una variedad de huéspedes.Objetivo. Identificar Leishmania (Viannia) spp. en garrapatas recolectadas en animales silvestres de una zona endémica para leishmaniasis.Materiales y métodos. Se hicieron 81 extracciones individuales de ADN en las garrapatas recogidas de tres tapires o dantas (Tapirus terrestres) y tres pecaríes de collar (Pecari tajacu) cazados en Madre de Dios, Perú. Las garrapatas recolectadas se identificaron taxonómicamente y se prepararon para la identificación del cinetoblasto (kDNA) de Leishmania (Viannia) spp. mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), así como de la especie de Leishmania mediante PCR de fusión de alta resolución (High Resolution Melt, HRM).Resultados. Se detectó el kDNA de Leishmania (V) spp. en tres garrapatas silvestres de R. (Boophilus) microplus, Canestrini, 1888, recolectadas en un pecarí de collar cazado en la selva de Madre de Dios. El análisis mediante HRM-PCR evidenció que una de las muestras positivas de kDNA tenía una curva compatible con L. (V) guyanensis.Conclusión. Los resultados evidenciaron la presencia de ADN de L. (V) guyanensis en R. (Boophilus) microplus, probablemente adquirida después de picar al pecarí. Es importante hacer nuevos estudios para aclarar la participación de R. (Boophilus) microplus en la transmisión de la leishmaniasis.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

Pathogenic potential of Parabacteroides distasonis revealed in a splenic abscess case: a truth unfolded

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e236701
Author(s):  
Anitha Gunalan ◽  
Rakhi Biswas ◽  
Balamurugan Sridharan ◽  
Thirthar Palanivelu Elamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Splenic Abscess ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Open Splenectomy

Splenic abscess is a rare entity, however if unrecognised or left untreated, it is invariably fatal. We herein report a case of splenic abscess in a 40-year-old man presenting with fever, left-sided abdominal pain, altered sensorium and vomiting. On clinical examination, hepatosplenomegaly was noted and the ultrasound of the abdomen showed multiple hypoechoic regions in the upper pole of spleen, and the diagnosis of splenic abscess was made. The patient received antimicrobial therapy and underwent an open splenectomy with full recovery. Pus aspirated from the splenic abscess grew an unusual organism named Parabacteroides distasonis. In the literature, there are only a few recorded cases of P. distasonis causing splenic abscess. Through this case report, we would like to emphasise the pathogenic role of P. distasonis in causing clinical disease, as this organism is typically known to constitute a part of the normal flora.

scholarly journals Wood Pastures: A Transitional Habitat between Forests and Pastures for Dung Beetle Assemblages

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
László Somay ◽  
Viktor Szigeti ◽  
Gergely Boros ◽  
Réka Ádám ◽  
András Báldi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Assemblage Composition ◽  
Beetle Assemblages

Wood pastures are home to a variety of species, including the dung beetle. Dung beetles are an important functional group in decomposition. Specifically, in terms of livestock manure, they not only contribute to nutrient cycling but are key players in supporting human and animal health. Dung beetles, however, are declining in population, and urgent recommendations are needed to reverse this trend. Recommendations need to be based on solid evidence and specific habitats. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of an intermediate habitat type between forests and pastures. Wood pastures are key areas for dung beetle conservation. For this reason, we compared dung beetle assemblages among forests, wood pastures, and grasslands. We complemented this with studies on the effects of dung type and season at three Hungarian locations. Pitfall traps baited with cattle, sheep, or horse dung were used in forests, wood pastures, and pasture habitats in spring, summer, and autumn. Dung beetle assemblages of wood pastures showed transient characteristics between forests and pastures regarding their abundance, species richness, Shannon diversity, assemblage composition, and indicator species. We identified a strong effect of season and a weak of dung type. Assemblage composition proved to be the most sensitive measure of differences among habitats. The conservation of dung beetles, and the decomposition services they provide, need continuous livestock grazing to provide fresh dung, as well as the maintenance of wood pastures where dung beetle assemblages typical of forests and pastures can both survive.

scholarly journals Proteomics Approach to the Study of Cattle Tick Adaptation to White Tailed Deer

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Popara ◽  
Margarita Villar ◽  
Lourdes Mateos-Hernández ◽  
Isabel G. Fernández de Mera ◽  
José de la Fuente
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Tick Feeding ◽  
Blood Digestion ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Single Host

Cattle ticks,Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, are a serious threat to animal health and production. Some ticks feed on a single host species while others such asR. microplusinfest multiple hosts. White tailed deer (WTD) play a role in the maintenance and expansion of cattle tick populations. However, cattle ticks fed on WTD show lower weight and reproductive performance when compared to ticks fed on cattle, suggesting the existence of host factors that affect tick feeding and reproduction. To elucidate these factors, a proteomics approach was used to characterize tick and host proteins inR. microplusticks fed on cattle and WTD. The results showed thatR. microplusticks fed on cattle have overrepresented tick proteins involved in blood digestion and reproduction when compared to ticks fed on WTD, while host proteins were differentially represented in ticks fed on cattle or WTD. Although a direct connection cannot be made between differentially represented tick and host proteins, these results suggested that differentially represented host proteins together with other host factors could be associated with higherR. microplustick feeding and reproduction observed in ticks fed on cattle.

Genital mycoplasmas, including Mycoplasma genitalium, as sexually transmitted agents

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneli Uusküla ◽  
Peter K Kohl
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Mycoplasma Species ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Intracellular Location ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Mycoplasmas are the smallest free-living organisms, widespread in nature. Several mycoplasma species have been isolated from humans. For 6 of them: Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, M. primatum, M. genitalium, M. spermatophilum and M. penetrans, the genital tract is the main site of colonization. This review is concentrated on the role of mycoplasmas as sexually transmitted agents, with the emphasis to M. genitalium infections. M. hominis and U. urealyticum are isolated from the genital tract of healthy men and women with considerable frequency. The biological features (attachment properties, possible intracellular location) and experimental inoculation studies of M. genitalium indicate that this mycoplasma has pathogenic potential. Data from case-control studies, looking at men with non-gonococcal urethritis and women with cervicitis, have revealed that M. genitalium behave similarly to Chlamydia trachomatis and have revealed that carriage of M. genitalium and C. trachomatis is usually independent of one another. M. genitalium could be considered as a potential cause of sexually transmitted urethritis in men, including men with persistent or recurrent urethritis. More studies are expected to ascertain the role of M. genitalium in the female genital tract. Evidence-based data are needed to decide whether current non-gonococcal infection treatment principles are applicable or not for M. genitalium infections.

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