The effect of endurance and endurance-strength training on body composition and cardiometabolic markers in abdominally obese women: a randomised trial

AbstractStudies comparing the effect of endurance and endurance-strength training on cardiometabolic markers provided inconsistent results. Therefore, the study aimed to compare the effect of endurance and endurance-strength training on body composition and cardiometabolic parameters in abdominally obese women. In this randomised trial, 101 subjects were included and divided into endurance (n = 52) and endurance-strength (n = 49) training. During the 12-week intervention, participants performed supervised one-hour training three times a week. Body composition, blood pressure (BP), markers of glucose and lipid homeostasis, and myoglobin levels were measured before and after the intervention. In total, 85 subjects completed the trial. Both interventions decreased fat mass and visceral adipose tissue and increased free fat mass, appendicular lean mass index and lean mass index. Neither endurance training nor endurance-strength training affected glucose and lipid metabolism. However, only endurance training significantly decreased paraoxonase and myoglobin levels. Both training programmes significantly decreased BP, with a more reduction of diastolic BP noted in the endurance group. In conclusion, both training programmes had a favourable effect on body composition but did not improve glucose and lipid homeostasis. Besides, endurance training decreased paraoxonase activity and myoglobin levels and was more effective in reducing BP.The study was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) within the number: DRKS00019832 (retrospective registration), date of registration: 26/02/2020.

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Type of Physical Training and Selected Aspects of Psychological Functioning of Women with Obesity: A Randomised Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082555 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2555

Author(s):

Monika Bąk-Sosnowska ◽

Magdalena Gruszczyńska ◽

Damian Skrypnik ◽

Sławomir Grzegorczyn ◽

Joanna Karolkiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Strength Training ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Physical Training ◽

Body Shape ◽

Randomised Trial ◽

Training Group ◽

Self Report ◽

Endurance Strength ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Objective: We conducted a prospective randomised trial to assess whether a specific type of regular physical training performed by women with obesity is related to obtaining specific psychological benefits. Methods: Forty-four women qualified for the study and were divided into two groups. The applied intervention consisted of regular three-month physical exercises in the form of endurance training (group A) or endurance strength training (group B). Initially, and after the completed intervention, we examined anthropometric measurements and the level of: stress (PSS-10), general self-esteem (SES), body self-report (BSQ–34, FRS), and behaviours associated with diet (TFEQ-18). Results: As a result of the intervention, both groups had significantly lower anthropometric parameters and FRS scores with regard to the current figure (gr. A:δ FRS CS −0.90 ± 0.83, p < 0.001; gr. B:δ FRS CS −0.41 ± 0.50, p = 0.01) and BSQ–34 results (gr. A:δ BSQ–34 −14.90 ± 13.5, p = 0.001; gr. B:δ BSQ–34 − 18.64 ± 25.4, p = 0.01). Additionally, an increase in cognitive restraint (δ TFEQ–18 CR1.65 ± 2.06, p = 0.01) and a decrease in emotional eating (δ TFEQ–18 EE −0.82 ± 1.28, p = 0.01) were observed in group B. There were no between-group differences in terms of the magnitude of changes achieved due to the intervention, except for asignificant improvement in the perception of their current figure (FRS) (δ FRSCS −0.90 ± 0.83, p = 0.03) in group A. Conclusions: Regular physical activity over a three-month period by women with obesity promotes the perception of their own body as slimmer and lowers body shape concerns. The change in body shape perception was more pronounced under the influence of endurance training than endurance strength training. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04793451.

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Endurance Training Depletes Antioxidant System but Does Not Affect Endothelial Functions in Women with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Trial with a Comparison to Endurance-Strength Training

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10081639 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1639

Author(s):

Małgorzata Jamka ◽

Paweł Bogdański ◽

Patrycja Krzyżanowska-Jankowska ◽

Anna Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka ◽

Joanna Karolkiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Strength Training ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Systolic Pressure ◽

Obese Women ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Endurance Strength ◽

The Impact

Limited data suggested that inclusion of a strength component into endurance exercises might intensify the beneficial effect of training. However, the available data is limited. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effect of endurance and endurance-strength training on anthropometric parameters, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, antioxidant status, and inflammatory markers in abdominally obese women without serious comorbidities. A total of 101 women were recruited and randomly divided into endurance (n = 52) and endurance-strength (n = 49) groups. During the three-month intervention, both groups performed supervised sixty-minute training three times a week. All studied parameters were measured pre- and post-intervention period. In total, 85 women completed the study. Both training significantly decreased anthropometric parameters. Besides, endurance training decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase, central aortic systolic pressure, pulse wave velocity, glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant status (TAS), interleukin (IL) 8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, while endurance-strength training decreased MMP-2 concentrations, and increased IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and MMP-9 levels. We observed significant differences between groups for GSH, TAS, and MMP-9 levels. In summary, endurance and endurance-strength training did not differ in the impact on endothelial function and arterial stiffness. However, endurance training significantly depleted the antioxidant defense, simultaneously reducing MMP-9 levels. The study was retrospectively registered with the German Clinical Trials Register within the number DRKS00019832.

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Type of physical training and selected aspects of psychological functioning of women with obesity: a randomised trial

10.21203/rs.2.20007/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Monika Bąk-Sosnowska ◽

Magdalena Gruszczyńska ◽

Damian Skrypnik ◽

Sławomir Grzegorczyn ◽

Joanna Karolkiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Strength Training ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Physical Training ◽

Body Shape ◽

Randomised Trial ◽

Training Group ◽

Endurance Strength ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Abstract Background: We have conducted a prospective randomised trial to check whether a specific type of regular physical training done by women with obesity is related to obtaining specific psychological benefits. Methods: Participants were patients of outpatient clinic suffering from obesity. Finally, 44 women were qualified for the study and divided into two groups: A (n=22) and B (n=22). The applied intervention consisted of regular 3-month physical exercises in the form of endurance training (group A) or endurance-strength training (group B). Initially and after the completed intervention, anthropometric measurements were carried out in each group (height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference), BMI and WHR were calculated, the level of psychological parameters was examined: stress (PSS-10), general self-esteem (SES), body self-report (BSQ–34, FRS), behaviours associated with diet (TFEQ-18). Results: At baseline, groups did not differ in age (A: M=51.3, SD=8.3 yrs.; B: M=48.2, SD=11.2 yrs.) and BMI (A: M=35.2, SD=3.9 kg/m2; B:M=34.9, SD=3.8 kg/m2). As a result of the intervention, both groups had significantly lower anthropometric parameters and FRS decreased significantly with regard to the current figure (gr. A: p<0.001; gr. B: p=0.01) and BSQ-34 result (gr. A: p=0.001; gr. B: p=0.01). Additionally, group B had lower results in TFEQ-18 in terms of cognitive restraint (p=0.01) and emotional eating (p=0.01). There were no differences between group A and B in terms of the magnitude of changes achieved due to the intervention, except from significant improvement (p=0.03) in group A in terms of perception of the current figure (FRS). Conclusions: Three-months long regular physical activity of women with obesity promotes the perception of own body as slimmer and lower body shape concerns. Endurance-strength training enhances cognitive and emotional control in the field of nutrition, it also seems more beneficial in reducing stress levels. In turn, the change in body shape is more noticed under the influence of endurance training. Trial registration: Clinical Trials NCT03444207 Keywords: obesity, physical activity, psychological aspects, body image

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Effects of Endurance and Endurance Strength Training on Body Composition and Physical Capacity in Women with Abdominal Obesity

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000431002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 175-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Damian Skrypnik ◽

Paweł Bogdański ◽

Edyta Mądry ◽

Joanna Karolkiewicz ◽

Marzena Ratajczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Strength Training ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Physical Capacity ◽

Endurance Strength

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Comparison of the effects of endurance and endurance‑strength training programmes on the level of endothelial dysfunction in women with abdominal obesity: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.20883/medical.400 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 266-272

Author(s):

Małgorzata Jamka ◽

Paweł Bogdański ◽

Patrycja Krzyżanowska-Jankowska ◽

Joanna Karolkiewicz ◽

Radosław Mądry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Function ◽

Strength Training ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Endurance Strength ◽

Before And After ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Training Programmes

The primary objective of the study is to compare the effect of endurance and endurance‑strength training on endothelial function in women with abdominal obesity. The secondary objectives include the assessment of the effect of both types of training on anthropometric, densitometric and biochemical parameters. In total, at least 100 women will be recruited for the study. The study population will be randomly divided into two groups according to the type of training: endurance and endurance‑strength training. During the 3-month of intervention, both groups will be performed three times a week training of an equal exercise volume and duration of 60 minutes. Before and after the intervention selected anthropometric and densitometric parameters will be measured and body composition will be analysed. In addition, biochemical parameters related to glucose and insulin homeostasis, lipid metabolism, antioxidant status, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers and endothelial function will be assessed.

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Análisis de la veracidad de determinadas creencias asociadas habitualmente al entrenamiento de fuerza. Una revisión narrativa (Analysis of the veracity of certain beliefs frequently associated to resistance training. A narrative review)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v38i38.69739 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 773-781

Author(s):

Pablo Prieto González ◽

Peter Sagat ◽

Mehdi Ben Brahim ◽

Jaromir Sedlacek

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Strength Training ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Experimental Methodology ◽

Google Scholar ◽

Full Body

El objetivo del estudio fue contrastar la veracidad de las siguientes creencias: 1-El entrenamiento de fuerza y resistencia es incompatible. 2-El entrenamiento de fuerza limita la flexibilidad. 3-Las rutinas divididas son más eficaces que las de cuerpo entero. 4-El entrenamiento de fuerza no es útil para la pérdida de peso, o la mejora de la composición corporal. Se realizó una búsqueda en las siguientes bases de datos: ProQuest, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect y Web of Science. Los criterios de selección fueron: a) Artículos escritos en Español o en Inglés. b) Investigaciones primarias con metodología experimental o cuasi-experimental. c) Escritos entre el año 2015 y 2019, salvo para los apartados 2 y 3, que se amplió hasta 2000 y 1990 respectivamente, debido a la escasez de publicaciones. d) La población objeto de estudio fueron adultos sanos que no practicaban deporte a nivel profesional o semiprofesional. e) Artículos que recogen exclusivamente adaptaciones logradas mediante una intervención con entrenamiento. Analizados los estudios, se pudo determinar que en adultos sanos: 1- El entrenamiento de fuerza y resistencia es compatible. 2- El entrenamiento de fuerza no deteriora la flexibilidad, y podría incluso mejorarla. 3- En virtud de los estudios existente, las rutinas divididas y las de cuerpo entero son igualmente eficaces para incrementar la fuerza. Las rutinas de cuerpo entero podrían generar mayor hipertrofia muscular. 4- El entrenamiento de fuerza es eficaz en la mejora de la composición corporal, y podría tener un impacto positivo en biomarcadores cardiovasculares y metabólicos.Abstract. The purpose of the study was to verify the veracity of the following beliefs: 1-Resistance and endurance training are incompatible. 2-Resistance training reduces flexibility. 3-Split body routines are more effective than full-body routines. 4-Resistance training is not useful neither in weight loss programs, nor to change body composition. The following databases were searched: ProQuest, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Web of Science. The selection criteria were: a) Articles written in Spanish or in English b) Primary research following an experimental or quasi-experimental methodology c) Written between 2015 and 2019, except for section 2 and 3, which was extended until 2000 and 1990 respectively, due to the shortage of publications d) The target population of study were healthy adults who did not practice sports at the professional or semi-professional level e) Papers which include only adaptations achieved through training interventions. Once the studies were analyzed, it was concluded that in healthy adults: 1-The combination of resistance and endurance training is compatible. 2- Strength training does not decrease flexibility, and it could even improve it. 3- On the basis of existing studies, split and full-body routines are equally effective in improving strength. Full-body routines could generate higher muscle hypertrophy. 4- Strength training is effective in improving body composition, and could make a positive impact on cardiovascular and metabolic biomarkers.

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The Effect of Maximal- and Explosive-Strength Training on Performance Indicators in Cyclists

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2016-0015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 470-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kris Beattie ◽

Brian P. Carson ◽

Mark Lyons ◽

Ian C. Kenny

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Strength Training ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Body Mass ◽

Performance Indicators ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Maximal Strength ◽

Explosive Strength ◽

Road Cyclists

Cycling economy (CE), power output at maximal oxygen uptake (WV̇O2max), and anaerobic function (ie, sprinting ability) are considered the best physiological performance indicators in elite road cyclists. In addition to cardiovascular function, these physiological indicators are partly dictated by neuromuscular factors. One technique to improve neuromuscular function in athletes is through strength training. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 20-wk maximal- and explosive-strength-training intervention on strength (maximal strength, explosive strength, and bike-specific explosive strength), WV̇O2max, CE, and body composition (body mass, fat and lean mass) in cyclists. Fifteen competitive road cyclists were divided into an intervention group (endurance training and strength training: n = 6; age, 38.0 ± 10.2 y; weight, 69.1 ± 3.6 kg; height, 1.77 ± 0.04 m) and a control group (endurance training only: n = 9; age, 34.8 ± 8.5 y; weight, 72.5 ± 7.2 kg; height, 1.78 ± 0.05 m). The intervention group strength-trained for 20 wk. Each participant completed 3 assessments: physiology (CE, WV̇O2max, power at 2 and 4 mmol/L blood lactate), strength (isometric midthigh pull, squat-jump height, and 6-s bike-sprint peak power), and body composition (body mass, fat mass, overall leanness, and leg leanness). The results showed significant between- and within-group changes in the intervention group for maximal strength, bike-specific explosive strength, absolute WV̇O2max, body mass, overall leanness, and leg leanness at wk 20 (P < .05). The control group showed no significant within-group changes in measures of strength, physiology, or body composition. This study demonstrates that 20 wk of strength training can significantly improve maximal strength, bike-specific explosive strength, and absolute WV̇O2max in competitive road cyclists.

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Investigation of The Effect of Concurrent Training Strength and Endurance Training on Physical, Physiological and Psychological Parameters in Young Football Players

10.53350/pjmhs2115102945 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 2945-2950

Author(s):

Selçuk Tarakçi ◽

Salih Pinar

Keyword(s):

Strength Training ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Rest Period ◽

Training Model ◽

Strength Test ◽

Concurrent Training ◽

Football Players ◽

Speed Test ◽

Endurance Strength ◽

Psychological Parameters

Background: Football is a versatile team sport that requires a range of physical characteristics, including flexibility, power, strength, endurance, speed, repetitive sprinting, quickness-agility and technique-tactics. Developing all these features at the same time, especially in the pre-season, when players are in a deconditioning state, returning to training after a rest period; it is quite difficult for coaches and performance trainers. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of strength and endurance training applied simultaneously on some physical, physiological and psychological parameters in young football players. Methods: U19 age group players were included in the research group, 24 male football players who played amateur or professionally licensed football for at least 5 years and trained for an average of 2 hours a day, 5 days a week; (Endurance+Strength Group n=12, Strength+Endurance Group n=12). In the study, 1 RM strength test, agility, speed, technique, decision-making skills and endurance tests were taken from the participants. In our study, with the pretest-posttest measurement method; Yo-Yo test, Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT), Illinois Agility Test, 30 meters Speed Test, Maximal (1RM) Strength Test, Jumping Test (CMJ) were applied. Results: The findings obtained when the performance values of football players within and between groups were evaluated statistically; It has been determined that the positive increase in endurance, strength, sprint, agility/speediness, jump and lspt pass test values as a percentage (%) was seen in the group that applied strength training before endurance training. Conclusion: The application of strength training before endurance training in 'concurrent' training model applications in young football players; on performance values; It has been determined that endurance training has more effect than applying it before strength training. According to these results, it is thought that designing the programs by taking this situation into consideration in the training program adjustments can contribute more to the coaches and the player group in terms of sportive efficiency. Keywords: Football, concurrent, strength, endurance, LSPT.

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