scholarly journals Approximation of the Cox survival regression model by MCMC Bayesian Hierarchical Poisson modelling of factors associated with childhood mortality in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Fagbamigbe ◽  
M. M. Salawu ◽  
S. M. Abatan ◽  
O. Ajumobi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Survival Regression

AbstractThe need for more pragmatic approaches to achieve sustainable development goal on childhood mortality reduction necessitated this study. Simultaneous study of the influence of where the children live and the censoring nature of children survival data is scarce. We identified the compositional and contextual factors associated with under-five (U5M) and infant (INM) mortality in Nigeria from 5 MCMC Bayesian hierarchical Poisson regression models as approximations of the Cox survival regression model. The 2018 DHS data of 33,924 under-five children were used. Life table techniques and the Mlwin 3.05 module for the analysis of hierarchical data were implemented in Stata Version 16. The overall INM rate (INMR) was 70 per 1000 livebirths compared with U5M rate (U5MR) of 131 per 1000 livebirth. The INMR was lowest in Ogun (17 per 1000 live births) and highest in Kaduna (106), Gombe (112) and Kebbi (116) while the lowest U5MR was found in Ogun (29) and highest in Jigawa (212) and Kebbi (248). The risks of INM and U5M were highest among children with none/low maternal education, multiple births, low birthweight, short birth interval, poorer households, when spouses decide on healthcare access, having a big problem getting to a healthcare facility, high community illiteracy level, and from states with a high proportion of the rural population in the fully adjusted model. Compared with the null model, 81% vs 13% and 59% vs 35% of the total variation in INM and U5M were explained by the state- and neighbourhood-level factors respectively. Infant- and under-five mortality in Nigeria is influenced by compositional and contextual factors. The Bayesian hierarchical Poisson regression model used in estimating the factors associated with childhood deaths in Nigeria fitted the survival data.

Hurdle Poisson Regression Model for Identifying Factors Related to Noncompliance and Waiting Time for Confirmatory Diagnosis in Colorectal Cancer Screening

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Hsuan Jen ◽  
Tsung-Hsi Wang ◽  
Han-Mo Chiu ◽  
Szu-Min Peng ◽  
Chen-Yang Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Factors Associated

AbstractObjectivesPopulation-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs that use a fecal immunochemical test (FIT) are often faced with a noncompliance issue and its subsequent waiting time (WT) for those FIT positives complying with confirmatory diagnosis. We aimed to identify factors associated with both of the correlated problems in the same model.MethodsA total of 294,469 subjects, either with positive FIT test results or having a family history, collected from 2004 to 2013 were enrolled for analysis. We applied a hurdle Poisson regression model to accommodate the hurdle of compliance and also its related WT for undergoing colonoscopy while assessing factors responsible for the mixture of the two outcomes.ResultsThe effect on compliance and WT varied with contextual factors, such as geographic areas, type of screening units, and level of urbanization. The hurdle score, representing the risk score in association with noncompliance, and the WT score, reflecting the rate of taking colonoscopy, were used to classify subjects into each of three groups representing the degree of compliance and the level of health awareness.ConclusionOur model was not only successfully applied to evaluating factors associated with the compliance and the WT distribution, but also developed into a useful assessment model for stratifying the risk and predicting whether and when screenees comply with the procedure of receiving confirmatory diagnosis given contextual factors and individual characteristics.

scholarly journals Determinants of Under-Five Mortality in Tach-Armachiho District, North Gondar, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AGMAS SISAY ABERA ◽  
HUNACHEW KIBRET YOHANNIS
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Place Of Delivery ◽  
Under Five

Abstract Background: Under-five mortality rate, often known by its acronym U5MR, indicates the probability of dying between birth and five years of age, expressed per 1,000 live births. Globally, 16,000 children under-five still die every day. Especially in Sub-Saharan Africa every 1 child in 12, dying before his or her fifth birthday. This study aims to identify the determinants of under-five mortality among women in child bearing age group of Tach-Armachiho district using count regression models. Methods: For achieving the objective, a two stage random sampling technique (simple random sampling and systematic random sampling techniques in the first and second stages respectively) was used to select women respondents. The sample survey conducted in Tach-Armachiho district considered a total of 3815 households of women aged 15 to 49 years out of which the information was collected from 446 selected women through interviewer administrated questionnaire. Results: The descriptive statistics result showed that in the district 16.6% of mothers have faced the problem of at least one under-five death. In this study, Poisson regression, negative binomial, zero-inflated Poisson and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were applied for data analysis. Each of these count models were compared by different statistical tests. So that, zero-inflated poisson regression model was found to be the best fit for the collected data. Results of the zero-inflated Poisson regression model showed that education of husband, source of water, mother occupation, kebele of mother, prenatal care, place of delivery, place of residence, wealth of house hold, average birth interval and average breast feeding were found to be statistically significant determinants of under-five mortality. Conclusions: In this study, it was found that the factors like average birth interval and average breast feeding were found to be statistically significant factors in both groups (not always zero category and always zero category) with under-five child death whereas education of husband, source of water, place of delivery, mother occupation and wealth index of the household have significant effect on under-five mortality under not always zero group. Place of residence, kebele of mother and prenatal care have a significant effect on under-five mortality in Tach-Armachiho district on inflated group.

scholarly journals Determinants of neonatal, infant and under-five mortality in a war-affected country: analysis of the 2010 Household Health Survey in South Sudan

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngatho Samuel Mugo ◽  
Kingsley E Agho ◽  
Anthony B Zwi ◽  
Eliaba Yona Damundu ◽  
Michael J Dibley
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

BackgroundUnder-five children born in a fragile and war-affected setting of South Sudan are faced with a high risk of death as reflecting in high under-five mortality. In South Sudan health inequities and inequitable condition of daily living play a significant role in childhood mortality. This study examines factors associated with under-five mortality in South Sudan.MethodsThe study population includes 8125 singleton, live birth, under-five children born in South Sudan within 5 years prior to the 2010 South Sudan Household Survey. Factors associated with neonatal, infant and under-five deaths were examined using generalised linear latent and mixed models with the logit link and binomial family that adjusted for cluster and survey weights.ResultsThe multivariate analysis showed that mothers who reported a previous death of a child reported significantly higher risk of neonatal (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.74, 95% confidence interval (CI 2.88 to 4.87), P<0.001), infant (AOR=3.19, 95% CI (2.62 to 3.88), P<0.001) and under-five deaths (AOR=3.07, 95% CI (2.58 to 3.64), P<0.001). Other associated factors included urban dwellers (AOR=1.37, 95% CI (1.01 to 1.87), P=0.045) for neonatal, (AOR=1.35, 95% CI (1.08 to 1.69), P=0.009) for infants and (AOR=1.39, 95% CI (1.13 to 1.71), P=0.002) for under-five death. Unimproved sources of drinking water were significantly associated with neonatal mortality (AOR=1.91, 95% CI (1.11 to 3.31), P=0.02).ConclusionsThis study suggested that the condition and circumstances in which the child is born into, and lives with, play a role in under-five mortality, such as higher mortality among children born to teenage mothers. Ensuring equitable healthcare service delivery to all disadvantaged populations of children in both urban and rural areas is essential but remains a challenge, while violence continues in South Sudan.

scholarly journals Predictors of the number of under-five malnourished children in Bangladesh: application of the generalized poisson regression model

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mafijul Islam ◽  
Morshed Alam ◽  
Md Tariquzaman ◽  
Mohammad Alamgir Kabir ◽  
Rokhsona Pervin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Generalized Poisson ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Generalized Poisson Regression

scholarly journals Binary Logistic Regression Model for Assessing Factors Associated with Nutritional Status of Children Under Five Years among Chepang Community in Siddi, Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Ravi Kiran Poudel ◽  
Shankar Prasad Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Background: Chepang Community in Nepal has often been characterized as the poorest among Nepal’s poor, and has faced food insecurity at a household level each year. Health status of their children is poor compared to other community children and more so for the age group under the age of five years. Objective: To find the proportion of stunting, wasting and underweight, and to assess the most promising factors associated with the nutritional status of children under five years of Chepang community in Siddi, Chitwan, Nepal. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used with 170 samples. To find the association of different factors with the nutritional status of children under 5 years of age (stunting, wasting and underweight, each) binary multiple logistic regression model was used and the goodness of fit of the model was assessed through Hosmer and Lemeshow test. Results: The overall proportion of children under five years of the Chepang community is 60.6%, 30.6% and 44.7% for underweight, stunting and wasting respectively. Among many factors, the mother’s illiteracy (OR: 5.30, 95 % CI: 1.37 to 21.57), external monthly family income (≤ NRs. 2000) (OR: 9.65, 95 % CI: 3.23 to 30.78) and food availability for six months from own land (OR: 4.17, 95 % CI: 1.90 to 17.98) have a significant association with underweight. Similarly, for stunting, female child (OR: 2.19, 95 % CI: 1.02 to 4.70), number of children (more than one) below 14 years at home (OR: 4.15, 95 % CI : 1.77 to 11.04) and external family income (≤ NRs. 2000) (OR: 4.42, 95% CI: 1.01 to 17.06) are significantly associated, and for wasting, a number of children (more than one) below 14 years at home (OR: 4.64, 95 % of CI: 1.71 to 12.60) and external family income (≤ NRs. 2000) (OR: 5.17, 95 % CI: 2.27 to 11.79) are significantly associated. Conclusion: Substantial numbers of children from Chepang community are having the problem of underweight, stunting and wasting. Different demographic and socio-economic variables have been found associated for odds of having low level of nutritional status of children.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections among Children Under Five Years Attending Kinango Sub-County Hospital, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Muriithi ◽  
◽  
Simon Karanja ◽  
Mohamed Karama ◽  
Collins Okoyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: To examine occurrence of Acute Respiratory tract Infections (ARIs) and determine factors associated with ARIs among children under five years attending Kinango Sub-County Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among mother-child aged between 0-59 month’s pairs attending outpatient care. Participants were recruited using systematic sampling method. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize child, parental and environmental characteristics. Factors associated with ARIs were established using binary logistic regression analysis. Odds Ratio (OR), at 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and p <0.05 significant level was used to describe an association between covariates and the outcome variable. Independent factors associated with occurrence of ARIS were determined by stepwise logistic regression. Results: 385 children participated in this study. 228 children (59.2%) presented with ARIs, of which 90.8% were due to acute upper respiratory tract infections. 9.2% of the cases were due to pneumonia. Female gender aOR 3.39 [1.21-9.46], stunting aOR 3.62 [1.04-12.61], high parity aOR 11.45 [2.38-55.09], low maternal education aOR 3.54 [1.10-11.32] and recent hospitalization aOR 8.19 [1.75-38.43] increased the odds of occurrence of an ARI while normal birth weight aOR0.06 [0.01-0.62] was protective of ARIs. Conclusion: A high prevalence of ARIs among children aged below five years was observed in this study, associated with gender, stunting, parity, maternal education, birth weight and recurring hospitalization. Improvements in literacy levels, child nutrition and maternal and child health at large could help to reduce morbidity due to ARIs in this population.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and determinants of childhood stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2019 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delelegn Emwodew ◽  
Binyam Tariku ◽  
Getanew Aschalew ◽  
Elias Seid ◽  
Samuel Hailegebreal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
The World ◽  
Childhood Stunting

Abstract Background: Childhood stunting is a major challenge to the growth and development of nations by affecting millions of children across the world. Although Ethiopia has made steady progress in reducing stunting, the prevalence of stunting is still one of the highest in the world. This study aims to investigate the spatial variation and factors associated with childhood stunting in Ethiopia.Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). A total of 4,971 children aged 0–59 months were included in the analysis. The Getis-Ord statistics tool has been used to identify areas with high and low hotspots of stunting. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with stunting.Results: The prevalence of stunting was found to be 36.86% in Ethiopian under-five children. Statistically significant hotspots of stunting were found in northern parts of Ethiopia. Both individual and community-level factors determined the odds childhood stunting among under-five children. Children in the age group between 24–35 months were more likely to be stunted than children whose age was less than one year [AOR = 3.74; 95 % CI: (3.04–4.59)]. Children with mothers who had completed higher education had lower odds of being stunted compared to children whose mothers had no formal education [AOR = 0.55; 95%CI: (0.38–0.82)]. Children from the poorest wealth quintile had higher odds of being stunted compared to children from the richest wealth quintiles [AOR = 2; 95 % CI: (1.46–2.73)]. Children living in Tigray (AOR =3.64; 95 % CI: 2.17–6.11), Afar (AOR 2.02; 95 % CI 1.19-3.39), Amhara (AOR =2.29; 95 % CI: 1.37–3.86), Benishangul Gumz (AOR=1.87; 95% CI: 1.10-3.17) and Harari (AOR=1.95; 95% CI: 1.17-3.25) regions were more likely to be stunted compared to children living in Addis Ababa.Conclusion: This study showed that both individual and community-level factors were significant predictors of childhood stunting. Improving maternal education, improving the economic status of households, improving age-specific child feeding practice, and providing additional resources to regions with high hotspots of childhood stunting are recommended.

scholarly journals Factors associated with zinc utilization for the management of diarrhea in under-five children in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale ◽  
Alemneh Mekuriaw Liyew ◽  
Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Zinc Utilization

Abstract Background Zinc has a tremendous advantage to save the life of children. It reduces the mean duration of diarrhea and mortality due to diarrhea. Besides, it reduces the severity of the initial episode, and also it prevents future diarrhea episodes. But there is low utilization of zinc for the management of diarrhea in under-five children in Ethiopia and there is a paucity of literature regarding the factors associated with the utilization. Method The 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data were used as a data source. A total weighted sample of 1228 under-five children with diarrhea within 2 weeks preceding the survey were used. A mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was done to account for the complex sample design of the data. Variables with p-value < 0.20 in the bivariable analysis were eligible for multivariable analysis and those variables with p value< 0.05 in the multivariable analysis were declared to be determinants of zinc utilization for the management of diarrhea in under-five children. Result In this study, we found multiple determinants of zinc utilization. Mothers with formal education (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.83;95% CI; 1.30–2.58) and media exposure (AOR = 1.46;95% CI; 1.04–2.04) had higher odds of zinc utilization. But mothers from five and above household size (AOR = 0.57;95% CI; 0.39–0.82) had lower odds of zinc utilization for the management of diarrhea in under-five children. Conclusion In our study maternal education, media exposure, and household size were determinants of zinc utilization for the management of diarrhea in under-five children. Being having a formal education and being exposed to all or either of the three media (radio, TV, and newspaper) increases the likelihood of zinc utilization while being mothers from large household size decreases the likelihood of zinc utilization. Therefore, giving special attention to those mothers with no formal education, and mothers from high family size could increase the utilization of zinc for the management of diarrhea in under-five children. Also, media campaigns regarding diarrhea management could be scaled up to potentially achieve the desired impact.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Stunting in Children Under Five Years of Age: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melly Nirma Syahriani ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries

ABSTRACT Background: Stunting, a chronic malnutrition, remains a serious global health concern. In 2019, UNICEF announced that 21.3% of children under five years of age were stunted. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with stunting to complement the evidence for stunting ongoing efforts. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching from Science Direct, Wiley, EBSCO, and PubMed databases. The studies were synthesized by PEOS (Population, Exposure, Objective, and Study design), then appraised by Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. The keywords were (((determinant) OR (causal factor) OR (risk factor)) AND (stunting)) AND ((toddler) OR (child)) OR (fives)) OR (Baby under five years old)). The inclusion criteria were English-language and primary studied full-text articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 2009 and 2019. The exclusion criteria were opinion papers and review articles. Results: The prevalence of stunted children under five was 21.9% globally. A total of selected eleven articles examined the causes of stunting in Low Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). Nine articles stated that gender and socio-economic factors associated with stunting. Six articles discussed the relationship between maternal age and stunting. Four articles revealed that maternal education level was one of the determinants of stunting. Two articles stated that nutritional status is strongly related to stunting. One article connected overweight as a contributing factor to stunting. Conclusion: Stunting in Low Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) is associated with age, gender, socio-economy, maternal education level, nutritional status, and overweight children. Keywords: stunting, children under five years, risk factor Correspondence: Melly Nirma Syahriani. Master Program of Midwifery, Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Siliwangi (Ringroad Barat) No. 63, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +62895392131591. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.64

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