scholarly journals The interactions between genetics and early childhood nutrition influence adult cardiometabolic risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Wang ◽  
John R. Attia ◽  
Stephen J. Lye ◽  
Wendy H. Oddy ◽  
Lawrence Beilin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Lower Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Childhood Nutrition ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Early Childhood Nutrition

AbstractIt is well established that genetics, environment, and interplay between them play a crucial role in adult disease. We aimed to evaluate the role of genetics, early life nutrition, and the interaction between them, on optimal adult health. As part of a large international consortium (n ~ 154,000), we identified 60 SNPs associated with both birthweight and adult disease. Utilising the Raine Study, we developed a birthweight polygenic score (BW-PGS) based on the 60 SNPs and examined relationships between BW-PGS and adulthood cardiovascular risk factors, specifically evaluating interactions with early life nutrition. Healthy nutrition was beneficial for all individuals; longer duration of any breastfeeding was particularly associated with lower BMI and lower Systolic Blood Pressure in those with higher BW-PGS. Optimal breastfeeding offers the greatest benefit to reduce adult obesity and hypertension in those genetically predisposed to high birthweight. This provides an example of how precision medicine in early life can improve adult health.

scholarly journals Precision Medicine, Developmental Plasticity and Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Wang ◽  
John Attia ◽  
Stephen Lye ◽  
Wendy Oddy ◽  
Lawrence Beilin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Lower Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Abstract Background: It is well established that genetics, environment, and interplay between them play crucial roles in adult disease. We aimed to evaluate the role of genetics, early life nutrition, and interaction between them, on optimal adult health. Methods: As part of a large international consortium (n~154,000), we identified 60 SNPs associated with both birthweight and adult disease. Utilising the Raine Study, we developed a birthweight polygenic score (BW-PGS) based the 60 SNPs and examined relationships between BW-PGS and adulthood cardiovascular risk factors, specifically evaluating interactions with early life nutrition. Findings: Healthy nutrition was beneficial for all individuals; longer duration of any breastfeeding was associated with lower BMI and lower Systolic Blood Pressure in those with higher BW-PGS. Interpretation: Optimal breastfeeding offers the greatest benefit to reduce adult obesity and hypertension in those genetically predisposed to high birthweight. This provides an example of how precision medicine in early life can improve adult health.

scholarly journals Precision Medicine, Developmental Plasticity and Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A Wang ◽  
John R Attia ◽  
Stephen J Lye ◽  
Wendy H Oddy ◽  
Lawrence Beilin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Lower Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Abstract Background: It is well established that genetics, environment, and interplay between them play a crucial role in adult disease. We aimed to evaluate the role of genetics, early life nutrition, and the interaction between them, on optimal adult health. Methods: As part of a large international consortium (n~154,000), we identified 60 SNPs associated with both birthweight and adult disease. Utilising the Raine Study, we developed a birthweight polygenic score (BW-PGS) based on the 60 SNPs and examined relationships between BW-PGS and adulthood cardiovascular risk factors, specifically evaluating interactions with early life nutrition. Findings: Healthy nutrition was beneficial for all individuals; longer duration of any breastfeeding was particularly associated with lower BMI and lower Systolic Blood Pressure in those with higher BW-PGS. Interpretation: Optimal breastfeeding offers the greatest benefit to reduce adult obesity and hypertension in those genetically predisposed to high birthweight. This provides an example of how precision medicine in early life can improve adult health.

scholarly journals Early-life Socio-economic Status and Adult Health: The Role of Positive Affect

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-198
Author(s):  
Kyle W. Murdock ◽  
Angie S. LeRoy ◽  
Christopher P. Fagundes
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Socio Economic Status

scholarly journals Developmental Immunotoxicity, Perinatal Programming, and Noncommunicable Diseases: Focus on Human Studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney R. Dietert
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Immune Development ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Developmental Immunotoxicity

Developmental immunotoxicity (DIT) is a term given to encompass the environmentally induced disruption of normal immune development resulting in adverse outcomes. A myriad of chemical, physical, and psychological factors can all contribute to DIT. As a core component of the developmental origins of adult disease, DIT is interlinked with three important concepts surrounding health risks across a lifetime: (1) the Barker Hypothesis, which connects prenatal development to later-life diseases, (2) the hygiene hypothesis, which connects newborns and infants to risk of later-life diseases and, (3) fetal programming and epigenetic alterations, which may exert effects both in later life and across future generations. This review of DIT considers: (1) the history and context of DIT research, (2) the fundamental features of DIT, (3) the emerging role of DIT in risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and (4) the range of risk factors that have been investigated through human research. The emphasis on the human DIT-related literature is significant since most prior reviews of DIT have largely focused on animal research and considerations of specific categories of risk factors (e.g., heavy metals). Risk factors considered in this review include air pollution, aluminum, antibiotics, arsenic, bisphenol A, ethanol, lead (Pb), maternal smoking and environmental tobacco smoke, paracetamol (acetaminophen), pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polyfluorinated compounds.

scholarly journals Early-Life Factors and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: An MR-EWAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-445
Author(s):  
Lazaros Belbasis ◽  
Vanesa Bellou ◽  
Ioanna Tzoulaki ◽  
Evangelos Evangelou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Early Life Factors ◽  
Average Body

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Although several risk factors are associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) in adulthood, evidence for risk factors acting from birth to adolescence is scarce. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conceived a 2-step study design, where signals from an Environment-Wide Association Study are prioritized for follow-up in a Mendelian Randomization study (MR-EWAS), to examine the association of early-life factors with risk of MS. The EWAS was conducted in UK Biobank, where we agnostically selected all the available risk factors acting from the perinatal period until the adolescence, including perinatal factors, anthropometric characteristics during childhood, male and female sexual factors, and skin phenotypic characteristics. We prioritized statistically significant risk factors to perform a 2-sample MR study using publicly available summary-level genetic data. We also calculated the power of the 2-step MR-EWAS approach under several scenarios and compared it against a 1-step hypothesis-free MR approach to detect risk factors of MS. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the EWAS, an increase per 1 year in age at menarche was associated with a lower risk of MS (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90–0.96) and a plumper than average body size at the age of 10 was associated with a higher risk of MS (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.24–1.61). Individuals getting very tanned or moderately tanned were at higher risk of MS compared with individuals that never tan or get mildly to occasionally tanned (OR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.79–0.94). The MR analysis supported the association of age at menarche and childhood body mass index (BMI) without presence of pleiotropic effects. In the multivariable MR analysis, the association of age at menarche was not statistically significant after adjusting for childhood BMI. The MR analysis for ease of tanning did not reveal a statistically significant association. In multiple scenarios, the power of MR-EWAS approach was larger than the power of a hypothesis-free MR approach. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We introduced the MR-EWAS, a 2-step approach that is more powerful compared with the hypothesis-free MR approach under certain scenarios, to test potential causal signals. Our comprehensive assessment of early-life risk factors of MS highlighted a potential causal role of early menarche and elevated childhood BMI for risk of MS.

scholarly journals Early Life Displacement Due to Armed Conflict and Violence, Early Nutrition, and Older Adult Hypertension, Diabetes, and Obesity in the Middle-Income Country of Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1479-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary McEniry ◽  
Rafael Samper-Ternent ◽  
Carmen Elisa Flórez ◽  
Carlos Cano-Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Older Adult ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
The United States ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Early Life Conditions

Objective: We examine the importance of early life displacement and nutrition on hypertension (HTN) and diabetes in older Colombian adults (60+ years) exposed to rapid demographic, epidemiological, and nutritional transitions, and armed conflict. We compare early life nutritional status and adult health in other middle- and high-income countries. Method: In Colombia (Survey of Health, Wellbeing and Aging [SABE]-Bogotá), we estimate the effects of early life conditions (displacement due to armed conflict and violence, hunger, low height, and not born in the capital city) and obesity on adult health; we compare the effects of low height on adult health in Mexico, South Africa (Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health [SAGE]), the United States, and England (Health and Retirement Study [HRS], English Longitudinal Study of Ageing [ELSA]). Results: Early life displacement, early poor nutrition, and adult obesity increase the risk of HTN and diabetes in Colombia. Being short is most detrimental for HTN in Colombian males. Discussion: Colombian data provide new evidence into how early life conditions and adult obesity contribute to older adult health.

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