scholarly journals Dodecanol, metabolite of entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus, affects fatty acid composition and cellular immunity of Galleria mellonella and Calliphora vicina

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michalina Kazek ◽  
Agata Kaczmarek ◽  
Anna Katarzyna Wrońska ◽  
Mieczysława Irena Boguś
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Conidiobolus Coronatus ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Insect Defense ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Almost All

AbstractOne group of promising pest control agents are the entomopathogenic fungi; one such example is Conidiobolus coronatus, which produces a range of metabolites. Our present findings reveal for the first time that C. coronatus also produces dodecanol, a compound widely used to make surfactants and pharmaceuticals, and enhance flavors in food. The main aim of the study was to determine the influence of dodecanol on insect defense systems, i.e. cuticular lipid composition and the condition of insect immunocompetent cells; hence, its effect was examined in detail on two species differing in susceptibility to fungal infection: Galleria mellonella and Calliphora vicina. Dodecanol treatment elicited significant quantitative and qualitative differences in cuticular free fatty acid (FFA) profiles between the species, based on gas chromatography analysis with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and had a negative effect on G. mellonella and C. vicina hemocytes and a Sf9 cell line in vitro: after 48 h, almost all the cells were completely disintegrated. The metabolite had a negative effect on the insect defense system, suggesting that it could play an important role during C. coronatus infection. Its high insecticidal activity and lack of toxicity towards vertebrates suggest it could be an effective insecticide.

Coronatin-2 from the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus kills Galleria mellonella larvae and incapacitates hemocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Boguś ◽  
W. Wieloch ◽  
M. Ligęza-Żuber
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Sequence Coverage ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Conidiobolus Coronatus ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

AbstractCoronatin-2, a 14.5 kDa protein, was isolated from culture filtrates of the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Costantin) Batko (Entomophthoramycota: Entomophthorales). After LC–MS/MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) analysis of the tryptic peptide digest of coronatin-2 and a mass spectra database search no orthologs of this protein could be found in fungi. The highest homology was observed to the partial translation elongation factor 1a from Sphaerosporium equinum (protein sequence coverage, 21%), with only one peptide sequence, suggesting that coronatin-2 is a novel fungal protein that has not yet been described. In contrast to coronatin-1, an insecticidal 36 kDa protein, which shows both elastolytic and chitinolytic activity, coronatin-2 showed no enzymatic activity. Addition of coronatin-2 into cultures of hemocytes taken from larvae of Galleria mellonella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), resulted in progressive disintegration of nets formed by granulocytes and plasmatocytes due to rapid degranulation of granulocytes, extensive vacuolization of plasmatocytes accompanied by cytoplasm expulsion, and cell disintegration. Spherulocytes remained intact, while oenocytes rapidly disintegrated. Coronatin-2 produced 80% mortality when injected into G. mellonella at 5 µg larva−1. Further study is warranted to determine the relevance of the acute toxicity of coronatin-2 and its effects on hemocytes in vitro to virulence of C. coronatus against its hosts.

scholarly journals Anti-mycobacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of restinga plants: a dual approach in searching for new drugs to treat severe tuberculosis

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Heggdorne de Araujo ◽  
Thatiana Lopes Biá Ventura Simão ◽  
Tatiana Ungaretti Paleo Konno ◽  
Denise Oliveira Guimarães ◽  
Ivana Correa Ramos Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Dual Approach ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The World ◽  
Immunomodulatory Action ◽  
Janeiro State

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) still constitutes a threat to public health in various regions of the world. The existing treatment is long and has many side effects. The need to identify new anti-TB compounds and also adjuvants to control exacerbated inflammation in severe TB cases is relevant. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-mycobacterial activity of extracts and fractions in vitro from plant species collected in the Restinga of Jurubatiba, in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. In addition, to verify their immunomodulatory action and cytotoxicity on macrophages. The dichloromethane fraction of Kielmeyera membranacea and Eremanthus crotonoides showed the lowest MIC50 against Mycobacterium bovis BCG (0.95 ± 1.08 and 2.17 ± 1.11 μg/mL, respectively) and M. tuberculosis H37Rv (4.38 ± 1.19 and 15.28 ± 1.21 μg/mL, respectively). They were also able to inhibit the NO and TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated macrophages, without being toxic to cells. Using gas chromatography analysis coupled with mass spectrometer it was possible to suggest the presence of fatty acids and terpenes in the most promising fractions. Those compounds have been described for their anti-mycobacterial activity. These results have enabled identifying Kielmeyera membranacea and Eremanthus crotonoides as the most promising studied species in searching for new anti-TB compounds with dual activity.

180 FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN FOLLICULAR FLUID OF PREPUBERTAL GOAT OVARIES IN WINTER AND AUTUMN

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
M. T. Paramio ◽  
M. Roura ◽  
S. Hammami ◽  
D. Izquierdo ◽  
M. G. Catalá
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Sperm Penetration

Fatty acids (FA) in follicular fluid (FF) play an important role on oocyte quality and embryo development (Fouladi-Nashta et al. 2007 Biol. Reprod. 77, 9–17). In our laboratory, we have shown in prepubertal goat differences in the percentage of blastocysts produced in vitro according to season. Thus, we have found in winter 15.8% and in autumn a decrease up to 4.7% of blastocysts that were produced from oocytes of 1 month old suckling Murciano-Granadina goat females and IVF with fresh semen. The aim of this study was to analyse composition of FF in order to find an explanation to seasonal changes in in vitro embryo production. Ovaries were recovered in winter and autumn from 1 month suckling goats (Murciano-Granadina) from a local slaughterhouse and the FF of all visible follicles was recovered using a sterile syringe. Each sample containing a pool of FF of different ovaries was frozen at –80°C until chromatography analysis. For the FA analysis, the Sukhija and Palmquist (1988 J. Agric. Food Chem. 36, 1202–1206) protocol with some adaptations was used. Briefly, 200 μL of FF sample was vortexed for 60 s with 250 μL of toluene and 1 mL of HCL (5%) and then warmed in a water bath for 1 h at 70°C. Subsequently 1.25 mL of K2CO3 (12%) and 500 μL of toluene was added, vortexed for 30 s and centrifuged for 5 min (3000 rpm). Finally the supernatant was recovered and dried with Na2SO4. The extracted samples were maintained in –20°C until gas chromatographic analysis (123–2362, Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA). The results in Table 1 express the mean of 3 replicates of follicular fluid pool as micromolar concentration of FA in FF. The FA profile in FF showed significant higher concentrations of α-linolenic (C18:3n3), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic (DHA), and omega-3 (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid; PUFA) in winter compared to autumn. This could be indicating that these PUFA have a positive effect on oocyte quality because of the higher embryo development of these oocytes during winter. Studies in our laboratory have shown that sperm penetration and normal zygotes were similar in both seasons even though the blastocyst yield was statistically higher in winter. We can speculate that fatty acids in the follicular environment are affecting the oocyte quality, increasing the possibility of reaching the blastocyst stage in prepubertal goat according to season. Further studies should be done to reach a more accurate conclusion. Table 1.Concentration (µM) of fatty acids in FF of prepubertal goat during winter and autumn (3 replicates)

scholarly journals An in vitro study on the ability of tannic acid to inhibit methanogenesis and biohydrogenation of C18 PUFA in the rumen of goats

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisam S. Al-Jumaili ◽  
Yong M. Goh ◽  
Saied Jafari ◽  
Mohamed A. Rajion ◽  
Mohamed F. Jahromi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract An in vitro gas production technique, using rumen fluid from four Kacang × Boer crossbred adult goats was used to study the effects of commercial tannic acid (TA, a hydrolysable tannin) on methanogenesis, fatty acid composition and biohydrogenation (BH) of C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the rumen. Treatments were control (CON, 50% alfalfa hay (AH) + 50% concentrate), 25 mg TA/250 mgDM (LTA, low TA) and 50 mg TA/250 mgDM (HTA, High TA), which were mixed with 30 mL of buffered rumen fluid and incubated for 24 h. The study revealed that TA supplementation had no negative effect on rumen fermentation parameters such as pH, NH3N, acetic/propionic ratio and total volatile fatty acid (tVFA). Methane (CH4) production (mL/250 mg DM) decreased (P<0.05) with increasing levels of TA. Greatest CH4 reduction (%) was recorded for MTA (20.30%) and LTA (13.00%) compared with CON. Supplementation of the diet with TA did not affect the rate of rumen BH (%) of C18:1n-9 (oleic acid; OA), C18:2n-6 (linoleic acid; LA), C18:3n-3 (linolenic acid; LNA) and the concentration of fatty acids after 24 h of in vitro incubation. Based on this study, the addition of TA in vitro reduced rumen methanogenesis without negative effect of rumen fermentation characteristics, but in vivo studies need to be performed to determine if concentrations that inhibit methane are below toxic levels.

scholarly journals Effect of trihalomethanes (chloroform and bromoform) on human haematological count

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asna Lodhi ◽  
Imran Hashmi ◽  
Habib Nasir ◽  
Romana Khan
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Prime Objective ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
The Difference

With the increasing concerns about the harmful effects of disinfection products, the process of chlorination is becoming questionable. Bromoform and chloroform are among the most frequently occurring disinfection by-products. Haematological parameters are an important indicator of human well-being which is why the prime objective of the current study was to conduct a dose–response assessment to investigate the effects of trihalomethanes on human haematological count. Blood samples of healthy subjects were exposed to different concentrations (10, 30 and 50 μg/mL) of chloroform and bromoform in vitro to analyse how these compounds affected the haematological count with increasing dose concentrations. Headspace gas chromatography analysis was also conducted on samples to assess the difference between measured and spiked values of doses. The results indicated that the damage caused by bromoform was statistically more significant as compared to chloroform. Haemoglobin (HGB) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration levels lowered as they were significantly affected (p &lt; 0.05) by bromoform at all administered doses. It also significantly damaged platelet level at doses of 30 (p &lt; 0.05) and 50 μg/mL (p &lt; 0.01). Conversely, the damage caused by chloroform was statistically less significant (p &gt; 0.05).

scholarly journals Analysis of Chemical Composition and In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Activity of Raphanus raphanistrum Extracts against Fusarium and Pythiaceae, Affecting Apple and Peach Seedlings

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2479
Author(s):  
Sabrine Mannai ◽  
Najwa Benfradj ◽  
Ahlem Karoui ◽  
Ibtissem Ben Salem ◽  
Amel Fathallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Anti Fungal

The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficiency of Raphanus raphanistrum extracts against Fusarium and Pythiaceae species associated with apple and peach seedling decline in Tunisian nurseries. A chemical composition of organic extracts was accomplished using liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography, and gas chromatography analysis. The in vitro test of three aqueous extract doses of R. raphanistrum against some apple and peach decline agents showed its efficacy in reducing mycelia growth. The in vivo assay of fine powder of this plant on peach seedlings revealed that treatment 8-weeks before the inoculation and planting was more efficient than the treatment before one week. This experiment revealed that the root weight of peach seedlings inoculated by F. oxysporum was improved to 207.29%. For apple seedlings, the treatment 8 weeks before the inoculation and plantation was more efficient than the treatment one week before; it reduced the root browning index. The study of R. raphanistrum chemical composition and its efficiency showed that the glucosinolates products: nitrile (4-Hydroxy-3-(4-methylphenylthio) butane nitrile, benzene acetonitrile, 4-fluoro,butane nitrile, 4-hydroxy-3-[(4-methylphenyl) thio] nitrile), and thiocyanate molecules (thiocyanic acid, ethyle) are responsible for the anti-fungal activities.

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