scholarly journals Peer victimization and the association with hippocampal development and working memory in children with ADHD and typically-developing children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa Papadopoulos ◽  
Diane Seguin ◽  
Susana Correa ◽  
Emma G. Duerden
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Problem Behaviours ◽  
Cornu Ammonis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractThe symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention displayed by children with ADHD put them at risk of experiencing peer victimization. Hippocampal maturation, may reduce a child’s vulnerability to the experience of peer victimization, as it has been associated with decreased ADHD symptomatology. Working memory is an important executive function in the formation and maintenance of social relationships, which is often impaired in ADHD. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between problem behaviours, peer victimization, hippocampal morphology, and working memory in children with and without ADHD. 218 typically-developing participants (50.5% male) and 232 participants diagnosed with ADHD (77.6% male) were recruited. The ADHD group was subdivided into inattentive (ADHD-I) or combined (ADHD-C) types. The Child Behavior Checklist measured problem behaviours and peer victimization. Children underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Hippocampal subfield volumes were obtained using FreeSurfer. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fifth edition measured working memory (WM). The ADHD-C group displayed significantly higher levels of problem behaviours and peer victimization (all, p < 0.001), compared to the other groups. Left Cornu Ammonis 3 (CA3) volume was a positive predictor of peer victimization (all, p < 0.013). Left CA3 volume was a positive predictor of WM and left Cornu Ammonis 4 (CA4) volume negatively predicted WM (all, p < 0.025). A cluster analysis revealed that children displaying symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity are the most at risk for peer victimization. Interventions focusing on minimizing peer victimization may aid in mitigating adverse downstream effects, and assist in promoting brain health and cognitive function.

scholarly journals Peer victimization and the association with hippocampal development and working memory in children with and without ADHD 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa Papadopoulos ◽  
Diane Seguin ◽  
Susana Correa ◽  
Emma G. Duerden
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Downstream Effects ◽  
Problem Behaviours ◽  
Cornu Ammonis ◽  
Hippocampal Morphology

Abstract Background Children with ADHD are at risk of experiencing peer victimization, which is associated with delayed brain development and cognitive difficulties. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between problem behaviours, peer victimization, hippocampal morphology, and working memory in children with and without ADHD. Methods 218 typically developing participants (50.5% male) and 232 participants diagnosed with ADHD (77.6% male) were recruited. The ADHD group was subdivided into inattentive (ADHD-I) or combined (ADHD-C) type. The Child Behaviour Checklist measured problem behaviours and peer victimization. Hippocampal subfield volumes were obtained using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fifth edition measured working memory (WM). Results The ADHD-C group displayed significantly higher rates of problem behaviours and peer victimization (all, p < 0.001). Left Cornu Ammonis 3 (CA3) volume was a positive predictor of levels of peer victimization (all, p < 0.013). Left CA3 volume was a positive predictor of WM and left Cornu Ammonis 4 (CA4) volume was a negative predictor (all, p < 0.025). A cluster analysis revealed that children displaying symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity are the most at risk for peer victimization. Conclusions Interventions focusing on minimizing peer victimization may aid in mitigating adverse downstream effects, and aid in promoting brain health and cognitive function.

scholarly journals Motor competence difficulties and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among secondary students

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Miguel Villa ◽  
María Isabel Barriopedro Moro ◽  
Luis Miguel Ruiz Pérez
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Children With Adhd

A high proportion of children with Attention problems (ADHD) experience motor competence problems. The present study sought to compare the motor competence between a group of ADHD students and a normative sample before and after controlling for motor coordination problems, and check if there are differences between the group with ADHD and the group with DT, depending on the presence or not of the DCD concurrent with the ADHD.  A total of 22 children with ADHD combined type (ADHD-CT; 12–13 years, SD 0.7, 16 males, 6 females) and 23 age-matched typically developing children with no movement difficulties (12-13 years, SD 0.7 16 males, 7 females) participated in this study. Motor coordination was measured using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd Edition (MABC-2). ADHD symptoms were assessed by the school’s Department of Psychology.The ADHD diagnosis is based on  diagnostic criteria established by the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), and the application of the following behavioral scales and evaluation of executive functions have been followed: Child Behavior Checklist for ages; Behavior Ratting Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF); Scales for the Evaluation of ADHD (EDAH). Based on the MABC-2 score (percentile score ≤ 5th), ADHD children were classified into two groups: co-occurring DCD/ADHD and ADHD group. Results showed that children with ADHD and typically developing (TD) children showed big individual differences on all motor skill areas and on overall percentile scores. Thirteen children with ADHD were delayed, and three were at risk for motor delays. Only four TD children were at risk for motor delays. DCD/ADHD group scored significantly lower than the TD group across all motor skill areas, while ADHD group scored lower than the TD group only on manual dexterity.

scholarly journals Event-Based Prospective Memory Deficit in Children with ADHD: Underlying Cognitive Factors and Association with Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5849
Author(s):  
Floriana Costanzo ◽  
Elisa Fucà ◽  
Deny Menghini ◽  
Antonella Rita Circelli ◽  
Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Event Based

Event-based prospective memory (PM) was investigated in children with Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), using a novel experimental procedure to evaluate the role of working memory (WM) load, attentional focus, and reward sensitivity. The study included 24 children with ADHD and 23 typically-developing controls. The experimental paradigm comprised one baseline condition (BC), only including an ongoing task, and four PM conditions, varying for targets: 1 Target (1T), 4 Targets (4T), Unfocal (UN), and Reward (RE). Children with ADHD were slower than controls on all PM tasks and less accurate on both ongoing and PM tasks on the 4T and UN conditions. Within the ADHD group, the accuracy in the RE condition did not differ from BC. A significant relationship between ADHD-related symptoms and reduced accuracy/higher speed in PM conditions (PM and ongoing trials), but not in BC, was detected. Our data provide insight on the adverse role of WM load and attentional focus and the positive influence of reward in the PM performance of children with ADHD. Moreover, the relation between PM and ADHD symptoms paves the road for PM as a promising neuropsychological marker for ADHD diagnosis and intervention.

scholarly journals Development of Hot and Cold Executive Function in Boys and Girls With ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Winther Skogli ◽  
Per Normann Andersen ◽  
Kjell Tore Hovik ◽  
Merete Øie
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Emotional Salience ◽  
Girls With Adhd

Objective: To investigate the development of executive function with pronounced emotional salience (hot EF) and less pronounced emotional salience (cold EF) in boys and girls with ADHD relative to typically developing (TD) children. Method: Seventy-five children with ADHD and 47 TD children were assessed with hot and cold EF tests at baseline and after 2 years. Results: Despite considerable maturation, the ADHD group remained impaired on all cold EF tests relative to TD children after 2 years. There was no effect of gender on cold EF test results. Females with ADHD outperformed TD counterparts on hot EF at baseline. Females with ADHD showed deteriorating hot EF performance, while TD counterparts showed improved hot EF performance across time. Conclusion: Enduring cold EF impairments after 2 years may reflect stable phenotypic traits in children with ADHD. Results indicate divergent developmental trajectories of hot EF in girls with ADHD relative to TD counterparts.

scholarly journals Head motion in children with ADHD during resting-state brain imaging

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-zhen Kong
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Neural Imaging ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Motion Parameters

Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) has become an important method for analyzing the neural mechanisms underlying mental disorders. But studies targeting head motion during an rs-fMRI examination are rare. Since head motion may pollute the data in the neural imaging studies and further mislead the understanding of the causes of some disorders, systematic investigations on this topic were badly needed. To this end, in this study, children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and demographically-matched typically developing control (TDC) participants underwent an rs-fMRI examination. We obtained a summary motion index and six mean single head motion parameters (three translational and three rotational) for each participant. With the summary index, we found that motion was significantly increased in the ADHD group and the results showed that the increase was mainly contributed by the motion around and along the superior-to-inferior direction. Moreover, the classification analysis showed that these head motion parameters during scanning could accurately distinguish children with ADHD from the healthy control group. These results suggest that accounting for head motion during scanning may be helpful for ADHD diagnosis and treatment with neuroimaging.

Validation of the Language Development Survey (LDS)

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Rescorla ◽  
Amie Alley
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Scale Scores

Two studies are reported demonstrating the reliability, validity, and clinical utility of the Language Development Survey (LDS; L. Rescorla, 1989) as a screening tool for the identification of expressive language delay in toddlers. In Study 1, 422 children (ages 24–26 months) were screened with the LDS in an epidemiological survey. The LDS manifested excellent concurrent validity with a brief direct screening measure of expressive vocabulary. Using the Rescorla (1989) Delay 3 cutoff of fewer than 50 words or no word combinations, 9.7% of the sample were language delayed (32 boys, 9 girls). In Study 2, 33 children identified as "at-risk" by the LDS Delay 3 cutoff and 33 typically developing children, matched on age, socioeconomic status, and gender, were seen for in-depth follow-up assessment approximately 3 weeks later. The LDS test-retest reliability was.97. The LDS correlated highly with Reynell Receptive and Expressive Language Scale scores, Bayley Mental Development Index, and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Composite. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value between the screening LDS and the follow-up Reynell Expressive Language Scale were generally impressive. Finally, the at-risk group scored significantly lower than the LDS-identified typically developing group on all follow-up measures except the Child Behavior Checklist/2–3.

scholarly journals Methylphenidate normalizes aberrant beta oscillations and reduces alpha power during retention in children with ADHD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mazzetti ◽  
N. ter Huurne ◽  
J.K. Buitelaar ◽  
O. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Brain Oscillations ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Alpha 7

AbstractAttention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been intensively studied in neurodevelopmental research, with the aim to identify the neural substrates of the disorder. Prior studies have established that brain oscillations in specific frequency ranges associated with attention and motor tasks are altered in ADHD patients as compared to typically developing (TD) peers. We hypothesized that the behavioral improvement following medication in ADHD patients should be accompanied by a normalization in the modulation of such oscillations. We hence implemented a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, where boys diagnosed with ADHD underwent behavioral and MEG measurements during a spatial attention task while on and off stimulant medication (methylphenidate, MPH). Results were compared with an age/IQ-matched TD group performing the same task, to assess the effect of MPH on oscillatory activity in the alpha (7 – 13Hz) and beta (15 – 30Hz) bands. We observed that depression of beta band oscillation over motor cortex in preparation to the response in ADHD boys on placebo were significantly lower as compared to the TD group. Importantly MPH resulted in a normalization of the beta depression, which then reached the same levels as in the control subjects. Furthermore, alpha power increased during the preparation interval in the ADHD control group, supposedly reflecting working memory maintenance of the cue information. This increase was significantly reduced in the ADHD group on MPH, reflecting a reduced impact on working memory load. This is the first MEG study showing task related changes in brain oscillations with MPH in children with ADHD.Significance statementBrain oscillations in the alpha (7-13Hz) and beta (15-30Hz) frequency bands are thought to underly different aspects of attentional processing and their aberrant modulation has been reported in ADHD. Here, we used a child-friendly adaptation of a Posner cueing paradigm to investigate such oscillations in children with and without a diagnosis of ADHD, and further examined the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) in the latter group. We showed that MPH restores aberrant patterns of beta desynchronization and reduces alpha power during retention in the ADHD group, concomitant to an improvement in behavioural performance.

Emotion Regulation and Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The Effect of Varying Phonological Working Memory Demands

2019 ◽  
pp. 108705471986463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie J. Tarle ◽  
R. Matt Alderson ◽  
Elaine F. Arrington ◽  
Delanie K. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Emotion Expression ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Findings from extant studies of the relationship between ADHD-related emotion regulation and working memory deficits have been equivocal, and their correlational designs preclude inferences about the functional relationship between working memory demands and emotion regulation. This study aimed to experimentally examine the functional relationship between varying working memory demands and ADHD-related emotion regulation deficits. Method: Overt emotion regulation behaviors were coded while children with and without ADHD completed experimental tasks that manipulated low and high working memory demands. Results: Compared with typically developing children, children with ADHD exhibited large-magnitude overall emotion expression deficits, disproportionately greater self-criticism during high working memory conditions, and disproportionately greater positive emotion expression during low working memory demand conditions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that working memory demands are functionally related to emotion regulation deficits exhibited by children with ADHD and may explicate variability of emotion regulation difficulties related to environmental demands.

Atypical Activations of Fronto-Cerebellar Regions During Forethought in Parents of Children With ADHD

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1050-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucile Rapin ◽  
Hélène Poissant ◽  
Adrianna Mendrek
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Future Studies

Objective: Although several studies suggest heritability of ADHD, only a few investigations of possible associations between people at risk and neural abnormalities in ADHD exist. In this study, we tested whether parents of children with ADHD would show atypical patterns of cerebral activations during forethought, a feature of working memory. Method: Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), we compared 12 parents of children with ADHD and 9 parents of control children during a forethought task. Results: Parents of children with ADHD exhibited significantly increased neural activations in the posterior lobes of the cerebellum and in the left inferior frontal gyrus, relative to parents of control children. Conclusion: These findings are consistent with previous reports in children and suggest the fronto-cerebellar circuit’s abnormalities during forethought in parents of children with ADHD. Future studies of people at risk of ADHD are needed to fully understand the extent of the fronto-cerebellar heritability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document