scholarly journals Correlation between levels of airborne endotoxin and heavy metals in subway environments in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungho Hwang ◽  
So-Yeon Kim ◽  
Sangjun Choi ◽  
Sangwon Lee ◽  
Dong-Uk Park

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the exposure levels and variation in airborne endotoxin and heavy metals such as aluminum, chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc, and lead (Pb) in the three different South Korean subway environments (driver room, station office, and underground tunnel) and identify subway characteristics influencing endotoxin and heavy metals levels. Air samples were collected and analyzed using the kinetic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers. The geometric mean was determined for endotoxin levels (0.693 EU/m3). It was also found that Fe (5.070 µg/m3) had the highest levels in subway environments while Pb (0.008 µg/m3) had the lowest levels. Endotoxin levels were higher in the underground tunnel and lower in the station office; the total heavy metal levels showed the same pattern with endotoxin levels. Endotoxins and total heavy metal levels were higher in the morning than at night. Positive correlations were found between endotoxin and Cr, Fe, Mn, and Ni levels. Given the correlation between airborne endotoxins and heavy metals, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to identify the correlation between levels of airborne endotoxin and heavy metals.

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levent Bat ◽  
Fatih Şahin ◽  
Ayşah Öztekin ◽  
Elif Arici ◽  
Öztekin Yardim

Heavy metal contaminations in aquatic habitats effect negatively on the organisms that depend on the water. In this work heavy metal levels in edible tissues of Cyprinus carpio from Karasu Stream in Sinop in summer, autumn and winter were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer. The accumulation pattern in the work is in the order of Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd> Hg. The amounts of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in carps were 0.022-0.036, 0.031-0.045, 0.22-0.29, 1.32-1.61 and 8.4-12.3 mg kg-1 wet wt., respectively. Concentrations of heavy metals in C. carpio were all below the TFC and EC guidelines. Total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) was 0.10722 and below 1 which showed that consumption of carp from the Karasu Stream has no health threats by now as the heavy metals investigated was concerned.


2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712199321
Author(s):  
M Charehsaz ◽  
S Helvacıoğlu ◽  
S Çetinkaya ◽  
R Demir ◽  
O Erdem ◽  
...  

In this study, the level of arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) and also essential elements in beer samples consumed in Turkey were investigated using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. The heavy metal-induced non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were calculated. For essential elements, the calculated estimated daily intake of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), selenium (Se) and cobalt (Co) from beer consumption were compared with their toxicity reference values. Tukey post-hoc test showed that As was found at a significantly higher level when compared to Pb. Also, a significant correlation was found between As level and alcohol by volume percent. All samples had a hazard quotient and hazard index <1, indicating no non-carcinogenic risk from exposure to single or multiple heavy metals. Some samples exceeded the threshold limit of acceptable cancer risk for As in the high beer consumer group. This assessment showed that in addition to health implications based on the alcohol content of beer, there might be a carcinogenic risk associated with the heavy metals content of these beverages.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Hedi Indra Januar ◽  
Irma Hermana ◽  
Dwiyitno Dwiyitno

Logam berat merupakan variabel penting dalam penelaahan keamanan produk kekerangan. Namun, kuantifikasinya membutuhkan tingkat kesiapan analis dan peralatan laboratorium yang modern. Hal ini mendorong usulan berbagai metode penapisan High-throughput Screening seperti komposisi asam amino, sebagai penanda kimia pada penapisan tahap awal dari kontaminasi logam berat di biota kekerangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fisibilitas komposisi asam amino yang terkandung pada produk kekerangan, sebagai penanda kimia akumulasi logam berat. Biota kerang bernilai ekonomis, yaitu kerang hijau (Perna viridis), dipilih sebagai target yang diambil dari tiga lokasi budidaya di Perairan Cirebon (sisi utara, perairan kota, dan sisi timur). Kadar logam berat (Cr, Co, Cu, As, Cd, Hg, dan Pb) dianalisis mempergunakan ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry), sementara kandungan asam amino ditelaah dengan kromatografi gas yang dilengkapi Flame Ionization Detector (FID). Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan bahwa kadar tertinggi dari tiap logam berat pada P. viridis adalah 0,25 mg/kg (Cr); 0,2 mg/kg (Co); 2,1 mg/kg (Cu); 1,5 mg/kg (As); 0,25 mg/kg (Cd); 0,25 mg/kg (Hg); dan 0,1 mg/kg (Pb). Nilai ini masih memenuhi persyaratan baku mutu, kecuali kadar arsen. Pengujian statistika korespondensi menunjukkan bahwa kadar asam amino kerang hijau dapat mengalami pergeseran komposisi yang tergantung pada tipe, variasi, dan kuantifikasi akumulasi logam beratnya. Oleh karena itu, tidak ada satupun jenis asam amino tertentu yang dapat dijadikan sebagai penanda kimia umum dari akumulasi berbagai jenis logam berat. Penelitian lebih lanjut dapat dilakukan untuk menemukan faktor pembanding menggunakan senyawa tertentu yang dapat melengkapi rasio komposisi asam amino sebagai penanda kimia dari akumulasi logam berat pada biota kekerangan.ABSTRACTHeavy metals are important factor in the food safety analysis of marine mussels. However, heavy metal quantification requires factors an adequate analyst and modern laboratory equipment. Therefore, various high throughput screening methods have been proposed, such as the composition of amino acids as a marker in a preliminary screening of heavy metal contamination in marine mussels. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of amino acids composition in marine mussels as a chemical marker of heavy metal accumulation. The commercial marine mussels, Green Mussels (Perna viridis), were collected from three aquaculture sites in Cirebon Waters (north side, in front of the city, and east side). Heavy metals content (Cr, Co, Cu, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) was analyzed by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) technique while the amino acids content was analyzed using gas chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (FID). Results of this study showed that the maximum value of each heavy metal in P. viridis were 0.25 mg/kg (Cr); 0.2 mg/kg (Co); 2.1 mg/kg (Cu); 1.5 mg/kg (As); 0.25 mg/kg (Cd); 0.25 mg/kg (Hg); and 0.1 mg/kg (Pb). Except for arsenic, these values were below the allowable threshold level. Correspondence analysis showed that the composition of amino acids in the green mussels was shifted, according to the type, variation, and quantification of the accumulated heavy metals. Therefore, none of the amino acids can be used as a general chemical marker for various types of heavy metals. Further research can be done to identify a particular comparative compound that can complement the ratio of amino acids composition as biomarkers for heavy metals accumulation in marine mussels.


2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Islam ◽  
S. Bang ◽  
Kyoung-Woong Kim ◽  
M. K. Ahmed ◽  
M. Jannat

Heavy metal contaminants in fish are of particular interest because of the potential risk to humans who consume them. The edible muscles of eight different species of fishes were analyzed by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy) for heavy metals, collected from Market in Gwangju, Korea during April-May in 2008. The concentrations of Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn varied between 0.24±0.007 - 0.01±0.001, 44.54±5.69 - 1.23±0.20, 0.13±0.05 – ND (not detected), 1.32±0.47 - 0.09± 0.02, 3.13±2.53 - 0.63±0.06, 107.17±28.02 - 11.27±1.56, 12.38±1.23 - 0.25±0.02, 1.025±1.41 - 0.12±0.09, 0.74±0.28 - 0.05±0.03 and 80.30±17.09 - 22.35±6.89 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of arsenic and nickel exceeded the maximum allowable intake level. Keywords: Heavy metals; Marine fish; Korea. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4667              J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 551-557 (2010)


Author(s):  
Aiman M. Bobaker ◽  
Intisar Alakili ◽  
Sukiman B. Sarmani ◽  
Nadhir Al-Ansari ◽  
Zaher Mundher Yaseen

Henna and walnut tree bark are widely used by Libyan women as cosmetics. They may contain lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), which, in turn, pose a high risk to their health. This study aims to determine the levels of Pb, Cd and As in henna and walnut tree bark products sold in Libyan markets. The products were analyzed for their Pb, Cd and As content by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a microwave acid digestion. The results showed a significant difference between the henna and walnut tree bark samples in terms of their heavy metals content (p < 0.05). The highest heavy metal concentrations were observed in the walnut tree bark samples whereas the lowest was observed in the henna samples. In addition, 60% of the henna and 90% of the walnut tree bark samples contained Pb levels and approximately 80% of the henna and 90% the walnut tree bark samples contained Cd levels, which are much higher than the tolerance limit. However, As concentrations in all the samples were lower. The results indicated that such cosmetics expose consumers to high levels of Pb and Cd and hence, to potential health risks. Thus, studying the sources and effects of heavy metals in such cosmetics is strongly recommended.


Author(s):  
Fatma Kocasari ◽  
Ozen Kursun Yurdakul ◽  
Asim Kart ◽  
Halil Yalcin ◽  
Erhan Keyvan ◽  
...  

In the present study, the occurrence of some heavy metals was determined in muscle, liver and kidney tissues of cattle in Burdur, Turkey. The samples were analyzed for cadmium, lead, arsenics and mercury using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry in 50 samples. Concentrations of Cd exceed the permissible limits in 2 samples of muscle tissues (0.05 mg/kg), while the concentrations of Cd in the liver and kidney tissues were below the allowed limits (0.5 mg/kg for liver; 1.0 mg/kg for kidney). One sample in muscle tissue contained Pb above the allowed limit (0.1 mg/kg). Arsenic was detected in one sample of muscle, liver and kidney tissues. Hg was not detected in any of the samples. A high proportion of samples did not contain detectable level of the heavy metals. Except for Cd and Pb in muscle tissue, concentrations of other metals were below the permissible limits.


Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Chikumbusko Chiziwa Kaonga ◽  
Ishmael Bobby Mphangwe Kosamu ◽  
Wells Robert Utembe

This review gives insights into the levels of metals in urban dust, their determination methods, and risk assessment. Urban dust harbors a number of pollutants, including heavy metals. There are various methods used for the sampling of urban dust for heavy-metal analysis and source-apportionment purposes, with the predominant one being the use of plastic sampling materials to avoid prior contamination. There are also various methods for the determination of metals, which include: atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), among others. Studies have shown that pollutants in urban dust are mainly derived from industrial activities and coal combustion, whereas traffic emissions are also an important, but not a predominant source of pollution. The varying particle-size distribution of urban dust and its large surface area makes it easier for the deposition and transport of heavy metals. Risk-assessment studies have shown that metals in urban dust could cause such problems as human pulmonary toxicity and reduction of invertebrate populations. The risk levels seem to be higher in children than adults, as some studies have shown. It is therefore important that studies on metals in urban dust should always incorporate risk assessment as one of the main issues.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wentong Xia ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Lars G. Rudstam ◽  
Yinglong Liu ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Limited information is available on heavy metal patterns in lakes under rapid watershed urbanization, especially considering a large spatial gradient with a long linear distance and great variations in topographic relief. To fill this gap, we studied concentrations of a series of heavy metals in both water and sediments from 20 lakes along a rural to urban gradient in central China, and we aimed to understand the effects of urban processes on heavy metal dynamics in lake ecosystems. Studied lakes were divided into five groups: A (rural reservoir group), B (rural commercial fishing group), C (urban park group), D (urban recreational fishing group), and E (urban commercial fishing group). An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) were used to analyze the heavy metals in water and sediments. Results An increasing trend of most heavy metals in water from rural to urban lakes was observed. Concentrations of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), magnesium (Mn), iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al) in water were significantly lower in rural group A than those in other groups. Arsenic in sediments of rural group A was lower than those in other groups. No other heavy metal element in sediments was significantly different among groups. The enrichment factor analysis of selected heavy metals showed there were different degrees of enrichments of heavy metals in sediments. The potential ecological risk index showed a low level for heavy metals in sediments of all studied lakes. Conclusions Results indicated that urban processes could have an impact on heavy metals in lake water. The sources of heavy metals in sediments were more likely from anthropogenic activities. These results could enhance our understanding of metal dynamics in lake ecosystems under urbanization and could help prevent heavy metal pollutions and promote sustainable management of urban ecosystems.


Author(s):  
Sohyae Lee ◽  
Jin-young Min ◽  
Kyoung-bok Min

Lead and cadmium are known to be potential female reproductive toxins. However, studies on the relationship between these metals and infertility are limited. This study examines the association between self-reported infertility and blood lead and cadmium levels in US women by comparing metal levels in infertile and pregnant women. Data on blood lead, blood cadmium, and infertility from women aged 20–39 years who participated in the 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed (n = 124, ‘pregnant’ n = 42, ‘infertile’ n = 82). Blood lead and cadmium levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and infertility and pregnancy status were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. Low blood lead and cadmium levels (geometric mean of blood lead = 0.50 µg/dL and blood cadmium = 0.26 µg/L) were positively associated with self-reported infertility after adjusting for confounding effects (odds ratio (OR) for lead per two-fold increase in blood metal levels = 2.60; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.05–6.41 and OR for cadmium per two-fold increase = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.07–3.15). Although our findings require confirmation, they suggest that even low blood cadmium and lead levels may be deleterious to female fecundity.


2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Sonia Amariei ◽  
Gheorghe Gutt ◽  
Mircea Oroian ◽  
Alexandra Bodnar

Abstract The goal of this study was to analyze the content of heavy metals in fish, shellfish, molluscs cephalopods on the Romanian market. We have analyzed heavy metals traces in sixteen marine organisms species. Analyses of heavy metal traces were done with mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma- ICP-MS, Agilent Technologies 7500 Series. Among the elements identified it was analyzed the content of Cd, Hg, Pb, metals with high toxicity to the human body, and the obtained values were interpreted in accordance with Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 concerning the maximum allowable quantity per kg wet product and Provisional Tolerated Weekly Intake (PTWI) established by the Joint Committee experts WHO / FAO. The risk assessment performed indicated that marine organisms were safe for the consumer except the four species that cadmium content may be exceeded for a regular or excessive consumption.


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