scholarly journals Bacillus pumilus induced tolerance of Maize (Zea mays L.) against Cadmium (Cd) stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Shahzad ◽  
Mingzhou Qin ◽  
Mahmood Elahie ◽  
Muhammad Naeem ◽  
Tasmia Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Maize Plants

AbstractHeavy metals contaminate the soil that alters the properties of soil and negatively affect plants growth. Using microorganism and plant can remove these pollutants from soil. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the induced effect of Bacillus pumilus on maize plant in Cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil. Three different concentrations of Cd (i.e. 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg kg−1) were applied in soil under which maize plants were grown. The germination percentage, shoot length, leaf length, number of leaves, root length, fresh weight and nutrient uptake by maize plant were determined. The experiment was conducted by using complete randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The result indicated that germination percentage, Shoot length, leaf length, root length, number of leaves, and plant fresh weight were reduced by 37, 39, 39, 32 and 59% respectively at 0.75 mg kg−1 of CdSO4 concentration but when maize seeds inoculated with Bacillus pumilus significantly increased the germination percentage, shoot length, leaf length, number of leaves, plant fresh weight at different concentrations of CdSO4. Moreover, the plant protein were significantly increased by 60% in T6 (0.25 mg kg−1 of CdSO4 + inoculated seed) and Peroxidase dismutase (POD) was also significantly higher by 346% in T6 (0.25 mg kg−1 of CdSO4 + inoculated seed), however, the Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly higher in T5 (0.75 mg kg−1 of CdSO4 + uninoculated seed) and was 769% higher as compared to control. The Cd contents in Bacillus pumilus inoculated maize roots and shoots were decreased. The present investigations indicated that the inoculation of maize plant with Bacillus pumilus can help maize plants to withstand Cd stress but higher concentration of Cd can harm the plant. The Bacillus pumilus has good potential to remediate Cd from soil, and also have potential to reduce the phyto availability and toxicity of Cd.

scholarly journals Bacillus Pumilus Induced Tolerance of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Against Cadmium (Cd) Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Shahzad ◽  
Mahmood Elahie ◽  
Muhammad Naeem ◽  
Tasmia Bashir ◽  
Humaira Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Maize Plants

Abstract Purpose: Heavy metals contaminate the soil that alters the properties of soil and negatively affect plants growth. Using microorganism and plant can remove these pollutants from soil. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the induced effect of Bacillus pumilus on maize plant in Cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil. Methods: Three different concentrations of Cd (i.e. 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg kg-1) were applied in soil under which maize plants were grown. The germination percentage, shoot length, leaf length, number of leaves, root length,fresh weight and nutrient uptake by maize plant were determined. The experiment was conducted by using complete randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. Results: The result indicated that germination percentage, Shoot length, leaf length, root length, number of leaves, and plant fresh weight were reduced by 37, 39, 39, 32 and 59% respectively at 0.75mg kg-1 of CdSO4concentration but when maize seeds inoculated with Bacillus pumilus significantly increased the germination percentage, shoot length, leaf length, number of leaves, plant fresh weight at different concentrations of CdSO4. Moreover, the plant protein were significantly increased by 60% in T6 (0.25 mg kg-1 of CdSO4+inoculated seed) and Peroxidase dismutase (POD) was also significantly higher by 346% in T6 (0.25 mg kg-1 of CdSO4+inoculated seed), however, the Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly higher in T5 (0.75 mg kg-1 of CdSO4+ uninoculated seed) and was 769% higher as compared to control. The Cd contents in Bacillus pumilus inoculated maize roots and shoots were decreased. Conclusion: The present investigations indicated that the inoculation of maize plant with Bacillus pumilus can help maize plants to withstand Cd stress but higher concentration of Cd can harm the plant. The Bacillus pumilus has good potential to remediate Cd from soil, and also have potential to reduce the phytoavailibility and toxicity of Cd.

scholarly journals Growth Assessment of Tropical Sugarbeet as Influenced by Spacing

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
MAT Sohel ◽  
MAE Hossain ◽  
HP Roy ◽  
SM Reza ◽  
FH Shanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Maximum Root

The experiment was carried out at the research field of Agronomy and Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute (BSRI), Ishurdi, Pabna during 2012-2013 to determine the most suitable spacing for sugarbeet cultivation in Bangladesh. The experiment was conducted with nine spacing viz. 50 cm × 20 cm, 60 cm × 20 cm, 70 cm × 20 cm, 50 cm × 25 cm, 60 cm × 25 cm, 70 cm × 25 cm, 50 cm × 30 cm, 60 cm × 30 cm and 70 cm × 30 cm in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The effects of spacing on sugarbeet plantation were observed on growth and growth contributing components (germination percentage, number of leaves plant-1, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, crop growth rate) of sugarbeet. The highest germination percentage (95.67%), number of leaves plant-1 (34.33) at 30 DAS, shoot length (54.07 cm) at 120 DAS, root fresh weight (969.47 g plant-1) at 150 DAS, shoot fresh weight (752.47 g plant-1) at 120 DAS and other growth contributing parameters were obtained with the spacing 70 cm × 30 cm. However, the maximum root length (38.97 cm) was obtained with 50 cm × 20 cm spacing. It was concluded that the wider spacing promoted the growth of individual beet, though the optimum spacing for maximum root growth of sugarbeet was 50 cm × 20 cm. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(2): 51-58

scholarly journals Evaluation of radish genotypes with special study on sowing geometry at agricultural research institute, Tarnab, Peshawar

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Shah Masaud Khan ◽  
Abid Ali ◽  
Ijaz Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
Izhar Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The research was carried out on the “Evaluation of Radish genotypes with special study on sowing geometry at Agricultural Research Institute, Tarnab Peshawar”. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having three replications. The experiment comprised with two factors, one was sowing dates(19th Oct., 4th., Nov., and 19th Nov) and the other was different genotypes (Mino, Local Red and Local White). The data were recorded on Days to germination, Germination (%), Days to edible maturity, Number of leaves plant-1, Leaf length plant-1 (cm), Root length plant-1 (cm), Root diameter plant-1 (cm), root fresh weight (g), Plot weight (kg) and yield (t ha-1). Sowing dates significantly affected all yield parameters. Sowing of radish on 19th October has more number of Leaves (17.44 leaves) plant-1, Leaf length plant(22.611 cm), root length plant-1(24.058 cm), root diameter plant-1(3.12 cm) fresh root weight (503.95g), the maximum plot weight (50.90 kg plot-1) and higher yield (62.36t ha-1) was observed whereas the crop sown on 19th November showed the minimum days to germination (8.88 days), germination percentage (96.88%) and minimum days to maturity (53 days). Among genotypes Mino take minimum days to germinate(8.22 days), maximum germination percentage (99.22), minimum days to maturity (52.778), maximum number of leaves (19.44 leaves), leaf length (23.422 cm), greater root length (24.588 cm), maximum root diameter (3.53 cm), higher root fresh weight (536.62g), higher weight per plot (52.22 kg) and maximum yield (63.54t ha-1). The results emphasized that the suitable time of sowing for Mino genotype is 19th October for Peshawar.

scholarly journals Effect of some botanical fungicide and chemicals as forest seed dressing  on the quality of the seeds: تأثير بعض مبيدات الفطريات والكيمياويات النباتية في تلبيس بذور الغابات  على جودة البذور

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shler Hassan Mahmood, Jalal Hama Salih Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Petri Plate ◽  
Local Plants ◽  
The University

An experiment was conducted to study the antifungal activity of different concentrations aqueous extracts from three local plants, Hypericum triquetrifolium, Salix alba, Salvia rosmarinus and also different concentrations of fungicide (Captan) and Salicylic acid were evaluated for their efficacy as seed dressing on Catalpa and Albizia that seeds were soaked separately for 30 mints in various concentrations of aqueous extract and fungicide. Forest seeds were grown in pots which were inoculated by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium oxysporum that one petri plate/ pot in 2018 in a greenhouse at the University of Sulaimani–College of Agricultural Sciences Engineering. The results showed that seed germination percentage, shoot length, root length and number of leaves was significantly (p≤0.05) increased with both the treatments. Captan (0.5%) was more effective in comparison with Captan (0.3%) and seed germination, shoot length, root length and number of leaves was gradually increased with increase of the doses of fungicides. It can be suggested that fungicide Captan have antifungal effect and can be used to treat seed against seed borne pathogens of forest, increase seed germination and shoot length, root length and number of leaves.

scholarly journals Growth Effects of Uniconazole, Gibberellin, and Calcium on Salt Injuries of Hibiscus syriacus and H. hamabo seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 899D-899
Author(s):  
Moo R. Huh ◽  
Beyoung H. Kwack ◽  
Leonard P. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Hibiscus Syriacus

Shoot length, leaf length and width, root length, and crown diameter were affected by 0.0-, 0.5-, 1.0-, and 5.0-mg·liter–1 uniconazole drench and 25- or 50-mg·liter–1 GA3 spray but not significantly by 0.0%, 2.5%, and 5.0% NaCl. Leaf width of H. syriacus Sieb. & Zucc. was not affected and that of H. syriacus L. significantly decreased, as NaCl concentration increased. Effect of NaCl on H. syriacus leaf width was offset by treatment with uniconazole but not by GA3 treatment. With 2.5% NaCl, dry weight of H. hamabo treated with uniconazole or GA3 increased and that of treated H. syriacus decreased. With 5.0% NaCl, dry weight of both species decreased with uniconazole or GA3. Calcium at 13.35 or 133.5 mM decreased the reduction of dry weight by NaCl treatment. The dry: fresh weight ratio of H. hamabo and H. syriacus treated with NaCl plus uniconazole was higher than that only treated with NaCl. GA3 treatment with NaCl did not affect the dry: fresh weight ratio for either species

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF LETHAL DOSE OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) GENOTYPES BY RADIO SENSITIVITY TEST

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rigyan Gupta ◽  
Mirza Mofazzal Islam ◽  
Shamshun Nahar Begum ◽  
Wasim Akram ◽  
Md. Shafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Gamma Radiations ◽  
Radio Sensitivity

The purpose of the research was to determine the effects of gamma ray on seed germination, shoot length, root length, and shoot and root fresh weight of Rice (Oryza sativa L. spp. Indica) to identify the lethal dosage of the radiation. For this research, two rice genotypes viz., Binadhan-17 and Galon were examined for varietal differences in radio sensitivity to gamma radiations. Dry healthy seeds were figured to variable doses of gamma radiations i.e., 50-1000 Gy with 50 Gy intervals using 60Co as the radiation source. Highly significant differences among the genotypes (p<0.01) for all traits and treatments were observed. The differences among radiation treatments were highly significant (p<0.01) for germination percentage of seed, shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight. The genotype × dose interactions were highly significant for germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight and root fresh weight indicating no stability of performance for characters across different radiation levels. Mutagenic treatments shifted mean values towards negative direction for almost all traits but not in a definite pattern. In general, genotypes displayed variable response towards gamma radiations and there LD25 and LD50 were different.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen and plant growth regulators on seed yield per plant and seed quality parameters in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2338-2343
Author(s):  
Arpana D. Vaja ◽  
J. B. Patel ◽  
R.N. Daki ◽  
Shital A. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Vigour Index

The present investigation on effect of nitrogen [N0 (Control), N1 (50 kg N/ha), N2 (100 kg N/ha), and N3 (150 kg N/ ha)] and plant growth regulators [G0 (Control), G1 (50 ppm GA3), G2 (50 ppm NAA) and G3 (500 ppm Cycocel)] on seed yield per plant and seed quality parameters in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. GJB 3 was carried out at the Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during kharif 2015-16. The experiment was laid out in field as per randomized block design (Factorial) with three replications. The seed harvested from 16 different treatments combinations replicated thrice from the field were analyzed in the laboratory following completely randomized design (factorial) for various seed quality parameters. Application of nitrogen @ 150 kg N/ha recorded significantly (P<0.05) highest seed yield per plant, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and vigour index – 2 (mass), while application of 100 kg N/ha resulted in significantly (P<0.05) highest germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight and vigour index – 1 (length). Application of GA3 at 50 ppm recorded significantly the highest seed yield per plant, germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, vigour index – 1 (length) and vigour index – 2 (mass). Among the 16 different treatment combinations, nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha and GA3 50 ppm noted the maximum seed yield per plant, shoot dry weight and vigour index – 2 (mass), while significantly the maxi-mum germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and vigour index – 1 (length) were registered in treatment combination nitrogen 100 kg N/ha and GA3 @ 50 ppm. Therefore, it is advised that application of 100-150 kg of N/ha as a nitrogenous fertilizer and spray GA3 @ 50 ppm (G1) at 45 days after transplanting helps in increasing the seed yield per plant and seed quality parameters in brinjal seed production.

scholarly journals A, The EXPLORING THE ALLELOPATHIC AND HERMETIC EFFECT OF KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH (Raphanus sativus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Mean Germination Time

Abstract Crop plants release biochemicals into surrounding environment that help in obtaining maximum yield of crop by acting bioherbicide at high concentration and plant growth hormone at low concentration. Therefore, this study was planned at Department of Agronomy in Weed Science Laboratory, University of Agriculture Faisalabad during Winter 2018 to evaluate the hermetic effects of Althaea officinalis L. (khatami) on vegetable crop Radish (Raphanus sativus) The experiments were laid out under completely randomized design (CRD) having three replications. The aqueous extracts of A. officinalis L. were used on radish different concentrations (2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40% and 80%). Data regarding seed germination and seedling growth (shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root dry weigh) of radish were recorded using standard procedures. Results Reveals that the aqueous extract of A. officinalis at higher concentration (80%) act as bioherbicide and produced inhibitory effects on R. sativus result in Maximum time to 50% germination (4.68 days) and mean germination time (9.05 days) while minimum germination index (3.60), germination percentage (85.00%), shoot length (42.4 cm), root length (25.90 cm), shoot fresh weight (53.30 g) and root fresh weight (13.30 g). While at lower concentration (10%) it shows hermetic effect and produce maximum germination percentage (100.00%), shoot length (58.2 cm), root length (52.0 cm), shoot fresh weight (90.00g), root fresh weight (26.30 g) minimum time to complete 50% germination (3.36 days), germination index (6.00%) and mean germination time (5.73 days) growth. In A. officinalis among different phenolic compound minimum Syringic acid (0.60%) and maximum Quercetion (12.3%) compound was found. Therefore, it was concluded from this study that aqueous extract of officinalis can be used as growth promoter at lower concentration while at higher concentration for environmentally friendly control of weeds.

scholarly journals Homeopathy for Treating Contaminated Cucumber Seedlings With the Herbicide Residues

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Ricardo A. Felito ◽  
Oscar M. Yamashita ◽  
Wagner Gervazio ◽  
Marco A. C. Carvalho ◽  
Delmonte Roboredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Germination Speed

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of homeopathic medicines in the neutralization of waste herbicide 2,4-D+picloram in cucumber seeds, in the municipality of Alta Floresta-MT process. The experiment was carried out to evaluate two herbicide concentrations and five Nux vomica dynamizations (6CH, 12CH, 18CH, 24CH and 30CH), in addition to two controls, one with distilled water and the other contaminated with herbicide alone. The variables assessed were germination percentage, germination speed index, fresh weight, dry weight, shoot length, root length and stem thickness, where we observed a significant difference in most of the variables analyzed. From the results, it can be concluded that the homeopathic preparations in five dynamics of Nux vomica (6CH, 12CH, 18CH, 24CH and 30CH), act positively on vigor and development of cucumber seeds.

scholarly journals Pre-Sowing Seed Treatments with Silicon Nano-Iron and Nano-Silicon Particles on Germination of Dragonhead

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Naser Sabaghnia ◽  
Saeed Yousefzadeh ◽  
Mohsen Janmohammadi ◽  
Mehdi Mohebodini
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Nano Silicon

Abstract Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science widely exploited in agriculture in recent years. In this investigation, application of nanotechnology in agriculture via application of some nano-particles (nano-iron and nano-silicon) have been investigated in seed priming of dragonhead. Seeds were subjected to pre-hydration treatments by factor nano-silicon dioxide as; (S1) 0 mM or distilled water, (S2) 1 mM concentration and (S3) 2 mM concentration and and factor nano-iron oxide as; (F1) 0 Mm or distilled water, (F2) 1 mM concentration and (F3) 2 mM concentration. Germination percent, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root length, shoot length, dry weight of the seed residue, root dry weight and shoot dry weight were measured. Analysis of variance showed significant variation for the main effect of nano-silicon dioxide as well as nano-iron dioxide in root length and dry weight of the seed residue. The interaction effect of nano-silicon × nano-iron priming treatments were significant in all of the measured traits except germination percentage and root fresh weight. The highest germination percentage was recorded in S2-F3, S3-F1 and S3-F3 while the root fresh weight was high in S2-F3 and treatments S1-F1 following to S2-F3 and S3-F2 produced the highest shoot fresh weight. Also, S2-F3 has the highest root length (16.1 cm) and the highest shoot length (18.4 cm). The best treatment combination suitable for obtaining of high values of germination characteristics of dragon-head was identified as S2-F3 (1 mM nano-silicon dioxide plus 2 mM nano-iron dioxide).

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