scholarly journals Development and testing of a novel image analysis algorithm for descriptive evaluation of shape change of a shrinkable soft material

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinpinat Stienkijumpai ◽  
Maturada Jinorose ◽  
Sakamon Devahastin
Keyword(s):  
Shape Parameter ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Soft Material ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Shape Identification ◽  
Uniform Deformation ◽  
Image Analysis Algorithm ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Convexity And Concavity

AbstractSoft material can undergo non-uniform deformation or change of shape upon processing. Identifying shape and its change is nevertheless not straightforward. In this study, novel image-based algorithm that can be used to identify shapes of input images and at the same time classify non-uniform deformation into various patterns, i.e., swelling/shrinkage, horizontal and vertical elongations/contractions as well as convexity and concavity, is proposed. The algorithm was first tested with computer-generated images and later applied to agar cubes, which were used as model shrinkable soft material, undergoing drying at different temperatures. Shape parameters and shape-parameter based algorithm as well as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) either incorrectly identified some complicated shapes or could only identify the point where non-uniform deformation started to take place; CNNs lacked ability to describe non-uniform deformation evolution. Shape identification accuracy of the newly developed algorithm against computer-generated images was 65.88%, while those of the other tested algorithms ranged from 34.76 to 97.88%. However, when being applied to the deformation of agar cubes, the developed algorithm performed superiorly to the others. The proposed algorithm could both identify the shapes and describe their changes. The interpretation agreed well with that via visual observation.

Germination of Aristida armata Under Constant and Alternating Temperatures and Its Analysis With the Cumulative Weibull Distribution as a Model

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Brown
Keyword(s):  
Weibull Distribution ◽  
Shape Parameter ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Minimal Distortion ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Fitted Function ◽  
Extremes Of Temperature

Germination of Aristida armata was compared at different temperatures on a thermogradient plate. Temperatures ranged from 10°C to 50°C with day/night differentials of 0, 5, 10 and 15°C. Alternating temperatures improved overall germination, particularly at the extremes of temperature. Average temperatures of 35°C and higher were fatal to many seeds. Day temperatures of 17.5°C and lower inhibited germination but did not prevent subsequent germination under warmer conditions. There was little variation in the rate of germination with incubation under constant temperatures. Under alternating temperatures, maximum germination occurred at lower temperatures than those under which germination rate was greatest. A four-parameter cumulative Weibull distribution was used to summarise cumulative germination. The distribution has the general form: Y = M(1-exp[- {k(t - I)}c]), where Y is the total germination at time t, M is the final total germination, k is germination rate, I is the interval between the start of incubation and the start of germination, and c is a shape parameter. In nearly all cases, the fitted function had a coefficient of determination greater than 0.98. The Weibull distribution allows reconstruction of the original germination data with minimal distortion and its use is recommended for both the analysis and modelling of germination responses.

scholarly journals STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF THE TEMPERATURE ON MORPHOLOGY OF CONGLOMERATES FROM COPPER NANOPARTICLES OBTAINED BY ELECTROEROSION DISPERSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (67) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
E. Klikin ◽  
N. Kuvardin ◽  
R. Lavrov
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Temperature Factor ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Starch Solution ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Electroerosion Dispersion

Aim. To obtain conglomerates from copper nanoparticles by the method of electroerosive dispersion in various liquid media (in 1% starch solution, ethanol, acetone, kerosene, petroleum ether) at two different temperatures (negative and room). Assessment of the influence of this factor on the size and shape of the resulting conglomerates. Methods. Methods based on visual observation of the obtained particles using a digital microscope at a magnification of 600x. Results. The results are presented in the form of micrographs of the obtained particles. Conclusions. Conclusions are drawn on the study of the influence of the temperature factor on the morphology (size, shape and ordering) of the resulting conglomerates.

High Density Bands of GN Dislocations Formed by Multi Body Interaction in Compatible Type Multi Crystal Models

2007 ◽  
Vol 340-341 ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryouji Kondou ◽  
Tetsuya Ohashi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
High Density ◽  
Triple Junctions ◽  
Uniform Deformation ◽  
Boundary Triple ◽  
Slip Deformation ◽  
Multi Body

Slip deformation phenomena in compatible type multi crystal models subjected to tensile load are analyzed by a finite element crystal plasticity analysis code, and accumulation of geometrically-necessary and statistically-stored dislocations (GNDs and SSDs) are evaluated in detail. Crystal orientations for the grains are chosen so that mutual constraint of deformation through grain boundary planes does not take place. We call these models as compatible type multi crystals, because “compatibility requirements” at grain boundaries are automatically maintained by slip deformation only on the primary systems and uniform deformation is expected to occur in each grain. Results of the analysis, however, show non-uniform deformation with high density of GNDs accumulated in a form of band. Growth of such kind of structure of GNDs caused localized accumulation of SSDs at grain boundary triple junctions. Mechanism for the band-shaped accumulation of GNDs in the compatible type multi crystals are discussed from the viewpoint of multi body interactions which arise from shape change of crystal grains after slip deformation.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature to Flow-Induced Forces on QCM Sensors in a Pakistani Liquor Identification Electronic-Nose

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zabak Hiyae
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Unstable Flow ◽  
Simulation Accuracy ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Different Temperatures

An electronic-nose (e-nose) was developed based on eight quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) gas sensors in a sensor box, and was used to detect Pakistani liquors at room temperature. Each QCM gas sensor was a highly-accuracy and highly-sensitive oscillator that experienced airflow disturbances under the condition of varying room temperature due to unstable flow-induced forces on sensors surfaces. The three-dimensional (3D) nature of the airflow inside the sensor box and the interactions of the airflow on the sensors surfaces at different temperatures were studied utilizing computational fluid dynamics tools. Higher simulation accuracy was achieved by optimizing meshes, meshing the computational domain using a fine unstructural tetrahedron mesh. An optimum temperature, 30°C, was obtained by analyzing the distribution of velocity streamlines and static pressure, as well as flow-induced forces over time, all of which may be used to improve the identification accuracy of the QCM e-nose for achieving stabile and repeatable signals by removing the influence of temperature.

scholarly journals Temperature-Dependent Rheological and Viscoelastic Investigation of a Poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(2-iso-butyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-Based Thermogelling Hydrogel

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lübtow ◽  
Mrlik ◽  
Hahn ◽  
Altmann ◽  
Beudert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Triblock Copolymer ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Aqueous Polymer ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Aba Triblock Copolymer ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

The synthesis and characterization of an ABA triblock copolymer based on hydrophilic poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (pMeOx) blocks A and a modestly hydrophobic poly(2-iso-butyl-2-oxazoline) (piBuOx) block B is described. Aqueous polymer solutions were prepared at different concentrations (1–20 wt %) and their thermogelling capability using visual observation was investigated at different temperatures ranging from 5 to 80 °C. As only a 20 wt % solution was found to undergo thermogelation, this concentration was investigated in more detail regarding its temperature-dependent viscoelastic profile utilizing various modes (strain or temperature sweep). The prepared hydrogels from this particular ABA triblock copolymer have interesting rheological and viscoelastic properties, such as reversible thermogelling and shear thinning, and may be used as bioink, which was supported by its very low cytotoxicity and initial printing experiments using the hydrogels. However, the soft character and low yield stress of the gels do not allow real 3D printing at this point.

Target Shape Optimization of 3D Compliant Mechanism With Superelastic Joints and Shape Memory Actuation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Jovanova ◽  
Angela Nastevska ◽  
Mary Frecker
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Shape Memory Effect ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
Compliant Mechanisms ◽  
Compliant Mechanism ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Superelastic Behavior ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The shape memory effect and the superelasticity of nickel titanium (NiTi) alloys are beneficial for design of compliant mechanisms. The superelastic behavior of NiTi can be tailored for optimal flexure design in the compliant mechanism, allowing large deformation and shape change. The shape memory effect can also be utilized to actuate the compliant mechanism flexures enabling programing of the material to take on variety of shapes at different temperatures over time. The compliant mechanism analyzed in this work is inspired from 3D multi leg spider-like locomotion, enabling movement in all directions by triggering different target shapes in time. The control of the material spatial distribution facilitated by additive manufacturing will enable tailored superelastic and shape memory behavior in the flexures of the multifunctional 3D compliant mechanism. Design optimization and analyses as well as overall shape change are explored in this work. Superelastic joints are introduced as flexures to enable segment flexibility. The temperature change is used for actuation taking in consideration different initial strain conditions.

scholarly journals Combining machine learning algorithms and an incremental capacity analysis on 18650 cell under different cycling temperature and SOC range

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
John Lai ◽  
David Chao ◽  
Alvin Wu ◽  
Carl Wang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Capacity Analysis ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Incremental Capacity ◽  
Cycling Temperature

A novel way to apply machine learning algorithms on the incremental capacity analysis (dQ/dV) is developed to identify battery cycling conditions under different temperatures and working SOC ranges. Batteries are cycled under each combination of temperatures (-10oC, 25oC, 60oC) and SOC ranges (0-10%, 25-75%, 90-100%, 0-100%) up to 60 equivalent cycles. The discharge data is transformed into dQ/dV-V curve and its features of the peaks and valleys are further taken for machine learning. Both supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms (PCA and LDA) are applied to classify batteries in terms of temperature or SOC range. The results reveal that batteries cycled under different temperatures can be identified separately regardless of the working SOC range. When splitting 60 samples with a ratio of training set equals to 0.85, the remaining test set gives an identification accuracy of 89% in temperature and 67% in working SOC range.

scholarly journals Desynchronized Liquid Crystalline Network Actuators with Deformation Reversal Capability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao-Yu Xiao ◽  
Zhi-Chao Jiang ◽  
Junbo Hou ◽  
Yue Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Soft Robots ◽  
Disorder Phase Transition ◽  
Isotropic State ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Optically Induced

Abstract Liquid crystalline network (LCN) actuator normally deforms upon thermally or optically induced order-disorder phase transition, switching once between two shapes (shape-1 in LC phase and shape-2 in isotropic state) for each stimulation on/off cycle. Herein, we report a novel type of LCN actuator that deforms from shape-1 to shape-2 and then reverses the deformation direction back to shape-1 or to a new shape-3 on heating or under light only, meaning that the actuator can complete the shape switch twice for one stimulation on/off cycle. The deformation reversal capability is obtained with a monolithic LCN actuator whose two sides are made to start deforming at different temperatures and exerting different reversible strains, which can be realized through asymmetrical crosslinking and/or asymmetrical stretching of the two sides in preparing the LCN actuator. This desynchronized actuation strategy offers new possibilities in developing light-fueled LCN soft robots. In particular, the multi-stage bidirectional shape change can be used to achieve multimodal, light-driven locomotion with different moving speeds from the same LCN actuator by simply varying the light on/off times to confine shape switch in a specific sub-stage.

Long-Term Reliability of Silica-Based Planar Lightwave Circuit Devices

1998 ◽  
Vol 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hanafusa ◽  
S. Sumida ◽  
N. Takato
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Rate ◽  
Shape Parameter ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Failure Data ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Planar Lightwave Circuit ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Planar Lightwave ◽  
Humidity Dependence

AbstractWe describe the results of accelerated lifetests performed on silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) devices. Specifically, we tested PLC splitter modules in damp heat environments with different temperatures and humidities. The time-to-failure data of the splitter samples were analyzed by using the Weibull distribution, and the shape parameter was derived as 1.77. Moreover, the temperature and humidity dependence of the median life e was analyzed by using the equationand the coefficients E and n were determined to be 1.49 eV and 3.70, respectively. The thirtyyear hazard rate is estimated to be less than 40 FIT for PLC splitter modules operating at 60°C/ 40% RH.

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