scholarly journals Social and economic inequality in coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination coverage across Illinois counties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim F. Liao
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Hispanic Population ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Us ◽  
Similar Association

AbstractPrior research has well established the association of ethno-racial and economic inequality with COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates across counties in the US. In this ecological study, a similar association was found between ethno-racial and economic inequality and COVID-19 full vaccination rates across the 102 counties in the American state of Illinois in the early months of vaccination. Among the counties with income inequality below the median, a county’s poverty rate had a negative association with the proportion of population fully vaccinated. However, among the counties with income inequality above the median, a higher percentage of Black or Hispanic population was persistently associated with a lower proportion of fully vaccinated population over the two-month period from early February to early April of 2021.

scholarly journals Socio-economic inequality in national incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 in India: An Ecological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-676
Author(s):  
Alok Ranjan ◽  
Prabhat Kumar Singh ◽  
Sanjay Pandey ◽  
Chandra Mani Singh ◽  
Arshad Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
National Level ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
P Values ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Low Incidence

Background: There are sufficient evidences on the association of epidemiological and clinical features of the patients with COVID-19 but still there are paucity of evidences on socio-economic aspects of this disease. An ecological study has been carried out with aim to assess the associations of the Human Development Index (HDI) and its components of each states and Union territories in India with incidence and mortality from COVID-19. Methods: Information on confirmed cases and deaths have been extracted from the data on the website of Covid India Organization and the data on HDI and its components have been extracted from various national and international agencies. Regression analysis was performed which showed a direct significant association (p-values<0.05) of incidence and mortality rates with HDI and its components at the national level. Concentration index was estimated to measure socio-economic inequality in COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates with 95% confidence interval (CI), which were 0.41 (0.27–0.54) and 0.42 (0.26–0.58) for incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 respectively. Results: The high incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 in states and union territories of India with high HDI and its components warrant priority for interventions by the national health policy-makers. Cases detection and screening facilities need to be scaled up in states and UTs with low incidence and mortality rates to minimize the under-reporting of the cases.

On the Causes of Socio-Economic Inequality Reproduction: What Does Resources Approach Show?

2014 ◽  
pp. 144-160
Author(s):  
E. Avraamova ◽  
T. Maleva
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Rational Models ◽  
Information Database ◽  
Vertical Mobility

This paper presents an attempt at answering the question of why the scope of socio-economic inequality stays the same in Russia despite the poverty rate reduction. The authors are looking for the causes of this phenomenon in the domain of social dynamics, i.e., in the nature of current vertical mobility mechanisms. To study these mechanisms the authors use resources approach. The information database of the research is the representative sample survey carried by the Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting at RANEPA in 2013. The majority of the respondents have, in fact, vague idea of general parameters of the economic development of the country and of their personal prospects to adapt to possible changes. This state of things hinders the development of rational models of socio-economic behavior directed towards the growth of personal and family welfare and productive in terms of national economy development - these, eventually, would advance the reduction of socio-economic inequality. Various groups of population are predominantly oriented towards converting social capital viewed not in terms of trust and solidarity, but in terms of ties or connections and of personal loyalty.

Trends in the incidence and mortality of oral cancer in Nevada (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Foote ◽  
Karl Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Us ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

BACKGROUND Reviews of national and state-specific cancer registries have revealed differences in rates of oral cancer incidence and mortality that have implications for public health research and policy. Many significant associations between head and neck (oral) cancers and major risk factors, such as cigarette usage, may be influenced by public health policy such as smoking restrictions and bans – including the Nevada Clean Indoor Act of 2006 (and subsequent modification in 2011). OBJECTIVE Although evaluation of general and regional advances in public policy have been previously evaluated, no recent studies have focused specifically on the changes to the epidemiology of oral cancer incidence and mortality in Nevada. METHODS Cancer incidence and mortality rate data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS) Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program. Most recently available rate changes in cancer incidence and mortality for Nevada included the years 2012 – 2016 and are age-adjusted to the year 2000 standard US population. Comparisons of any differences between Nevada and the overall US population were evaluated using Chi square analysis. RESULTS This analysis revealed that the overall rates of incidence and mortality from oral cancer in Nevada differs from that observed in the overall US population. For example, although the incidence of oral cancer among Caucasians is increasing in Nevada and the US overall, it is increasing at nearly twice that rate in Nevada, P=0.0002. In addition, although oral cancer incidence among Minorities in the US is declining, it is increasing in Nevada , P=0.0001. Analysis of reported mortality causes revealed that mortality from oral cancer increased in the US overall but declined in Nevada during the same period (2012-2016). More specifically, mortality among both Males and Females in the US is increasing, but is declining in Nevada, P=0.0027. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the epidemiologic data from Nevada compared with the overall US revealed significant differences in rates of oral cancer incidence and mortality. More specifically, oral cancer incidence increased in Nevada between 2012-2016 among all groups analyzed (Males, Females, White, Minority), while decreases were observed nationally among Females and Minorities. Although mortality in Nevada decreased over this same time period (in contrast to the national trends), the lag time between diagnosis (incidence) and mortality suggests that these trends will change in the near future. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

scholarly journals Vaccination of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donors Increases Binding and Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Di Germanio ◽  
Graham Simmons ◽  
Chloe Thorbrogger ◽  
Rachel Martinelli ◽  
Mars Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Passive Immunotherapy ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Igg Binding ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual

Background: COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) was widely used as passive immunotherapy during the first waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the US. However, based on observational studies and randomized controlled trials, beneficial effects of CCP were limited, and its use was virtually discontinued early in 2021, in concurrence with increased vaccination rates and availability of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics. However, as new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 spread, interest in CCP derived from vaccine-boosted CCP donors is resurging. The effect of vaccination of previously infected CCP donors on antibodies against rapidly spreading variants of concern (VOC) is still under investigation. Study Design/Methods: In this study, paired samples from 11 CCP donors collected before and after vaccination were tested to measure binding antibodies levels and neutralization activity against the ancestral and SARS-CoV-2 variants (Wuhan-Hu-1, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, D614G, B.1.617.2, B.1.427) on the Ortho Vitros Spike Total Ig and IgG assays, the MSD V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 6 arrays for IgG binding and ACE2 inhibition, and variant-specific Spike Reporter Viral Particle Neutralization (RVPN) assays. Results/Findings: Binding and neutralizing antibodies were significantly boosted by vaccination, with several logs higher neutralization for all the variants tested post-vaccination compared to the pre-vaccination samples, with no difference found among the individual variants. Discussion: Vaccination of previously infected individuals boosts antibodies including neutralizing activity against all SARS-CoV-2 VOC, including the current spreading delta (B.1.617.2) variant. Animal model and human studies to assess clinical efficacy of vaccine boosted CCP are warranted, especially since 15-20% of current donations in the US are from previously infected vaccine-boosted donors.

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