scholarly journals Longitudinal assessment between lifestyle-related risk factors and a composite cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk index among adolescents in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nithiah Thangiah ◽  
Tin Tin Su ◽  
Karuthan Chinna ◽  
Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin ◽  
Mohd Nahar Azmi Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Composite Risk

AbstractThe study aims to create a composite risk index of CVD among adolescents and examine the influence of demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle-related risk factors on the composite risk index of biological CVD risk factors among adolescents in Malaysia. A Malaysian adolescent cohort of 1320 adolescents were assessed at 13, 15 and 17 years. Seven biological CVD risk factors with moderate correlation were identified, standardized and averaged to form a composite CVD risk index. Generalised estimating equation using longitudinal linear regression was used to examine the effects of changes in adolescent lifestyle-related risk factors on the composite CVD risk index over time. From the ages 13 to 17 years, physical fitness (β = − 0.001, 90% CI = − 0.003, 0.00002) and BMI (β = 0.051, 95% CI = 0.042, 0.060) were significant predictors of attaining high scores of CVD risk. Female (β = 0.118, 95% CI = 0.040, 0.197), Chinese (β = 0.122, 95% CI = 0.006, 0.239), Indians (β = − 0.114, 95% CI = − 0.216, − 0.012) and adolescents from rural schools (β = 0.066, 95% CI = − 0.005, 0.136) were also found to be considerably significant. A more robust and gender-specific intervention programme focusing on healthy lifestyle (including achieving ideal BMI and improving physical fitness) need to be implemented among school-going adolescents.

Physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular health

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Twisk ◽  
Isabel Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Apo B

The incidence of morbidity and mortality related to CVD is rather low in a paediatric population. Studies investigating the relationship between physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular health in children and adolescents are therefore mostly limited to CVD risk factors as outcome measures. For this reason, this chapter will focus on the association of physical activity and physical fitness with CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. These risk factors can be divided into the so-called traditional CVD risk factors; that is, lipoproteins [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG)], blood pressure, body fatness, and diabetes, and ‘new’ CVD risk factors; that is, other lipoproteins [lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), apolipoprotein (apo)B, and apoA-1], coagulation and inflammation markers [fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP)], homocysteine, and heart rate variability.

scholarly journals Associations between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese University Staff

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9031
Author(s):  
Jiangang Chen ◽  
Yuan Zhou ◽  
Xinliang Pan ◽  
Xiaolong Li ◽  
Jiamin Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
University Staff ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Health Related

Purpose: This cross-sectional study examined the associations between health-related physical fitness (HPF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in overweight and obese university staff. Methods: A total of 340 university staff (109 women, mean age 43.1 ± 9.7 years) with overweight (n = 284) and obesity (n = 56) were included. The HPF indicators included skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), body fat percentage (BFP), grip strength (GS), sit-and-reach test (SRT), and vital capacity index (VCI). CVD risk factors were measured, including uric acid (UA), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and glucose (GLU). Results: BFP, SMI, and GS were positively associated with UA level (β = 0.239, β = 0.159, β = 0.139, p < 0.05). BFP was positively associated with TG and TG/HDL-C levels (β = 0.421, β = 0.259, p < 0.05). GS was positively associated with HDL-C level (β = 0.244, p < 0.05). SRT was negatively associated with GLU level (β = −0.130, p < 0.05). Conclusions: In overweight and obese university staff, body composition, muscle strength, and flexibility were associated with CVD risk factors. An HPF test may be a practical nonmedical method to assess CVD risk.

scholarly journals The application of carbon dioxide baths and aquatic therapy in preventive programs for persons with circu latory illnesses risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
О. D. Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Aquatic Therapy ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Peripheral Hemodynamics

Due to the fact that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, reducing risk factors and maintaining a healthy lifestyle play an important role in primary and secondary prevention of CVD development and improving prognosis. The purpose of the study. To study the eff ectiveness of carbon dioxide baths and water training in the primary prevention program for people with CVD risk factors. Material and methods. 60 patients (43 women and 17 men) with CVD risk factors were examined before and after a course of carbon dioxide baths and aquatic therapy. The hardware and software complex «Physiocontrol-R» was used. It includes, in addition to psychological testing (Spielberger, SAN, Lüscher tests, сardiointervalography (CIG) for the study of the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system, the study of the state of central and peripheral hemodynamics, Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for the study of body composition. Results. In the group of patients who took a complex of carbon dioxide baths and water training, in contrast to the control group, there was an improvement in the clinical condition, hemodynamic parameters, normalization of sympathicovagal balance and body composition. Conclusion. The aquatic therapy program in the pool and the use of HCV led to an improvement in the patients ‘ psychoemotional state, improvement of central and peripheral hemodynamics, and sympathico-vagal balance, which is associated with a reduced risk of developing CVD.

Abstract P330: Cardiovascular Adipose Depots Of The Heart And Aorta Are Associated With CVD Risk Factors And Vascular Calcification In Women With SLE

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly J Shields ◽  
Joseph M Ahearn ◽  
Susan Manzi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Introduction: Women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is not explained by traditional CVD and SLE-related risk factors. Mounting evidence implicates small visceral adipose depots surrounding the heart and vasculature in the pathogenesis of CVD. Previously, we found that women with SLE had a greater volume of aortic perivascular adipose tissue (aPVAT) compared to healthy controls (HC). Here we quantify epicardial (EPI), paracardial (PARA), and total heart (TOT = EPI+PARA) adipose and evaluate their associations with aPVAT, CVD risk factors and coronary artery (CAC) and aortic (AC) calcification. Design: Data included clinically CVD-free SLE women never (SLEc-) or ever (SLEc+) on corticosteroids, and healthy controls (HC) (HEARTS cohort). Electron beam CT scans were used to quantify adipose depots and AC/CAC. Logistic and linear regressions were used and final models were adjusted for waist-to-hip ratio. Results: In this study, age- and race-matched women participated: 15 SLEc-, 15 SLEc+, and 15 HC. More SLE women had hypertension (p=0.04), elevated circulating eSelectin (p=0.04), albumin (p=0.01), and homocysteine (p=0.02) compared to HC. SLEc+ women had decreased circulating C3 (p=0.04) and C4 (p<0.01) compared to SLEc- women. TOT tended to be greater in SLE (mean(std): 108(92)cm3, p=0.07) vs. HC (85.2(30) cm3) and in SLEc+ (122(45) cm3,p=0.06) vs. vs SLEc- (93.5(32) cm3). There were no differences in EPI (p=0.2) or aPVAT (p=0.3), but PARA was greater in SLEc+ (54.2(27) cm3) vs. SLEc-(36.9(19) cm3) (p=0.05). TOT was correlated with aPVAT in SLE (rho,p: 0.47, 0.01) and HC (0.69, <0.01) with PARA volume (SLE(0.43, 0.02) and HC (0.57, 0.03)) driving this association. In HC, EPI and PARA were correlated with insulin (p<0.03) and HOMA-IR (p<0.04) while PARA was correlated with CRP (p=0.04). Glucose levels were correlated with EPI in SLEc+ (0.53, 0.04) and with PARA in SLEc- (-0.55, 0.03). AC was detected in 21/28 SLE women and 11/15 HC while CAC was detected in 13/28 SLE and 4/15 HC. Only aPVAT was associated with increasing AC (OR(95%CI),p): 1.09 (1.0-1.2), 0.04) and CAC (1.11 (1.0-1.2), 0.03) in SLEc+. In adjusted models, only aPVAT(log) remained associated with greater extent of AC in SLE(β(SE),p: 2.90(1.3), 0.04), which was driven by SLEc+ (5.13(1.8), 0.02) women. Conclusion: Adipose depots surrounding the heart and vasculature are greater in clinically CVD-free women with SLE and specifically SLEc+, with significant associations among CVD risk factors and calcification dependent on their location. Corticosteroid treatment may suppress circulating inflammatory markers, but is associated with greater adipose volumes surrounding the heart and increased calcification. Just as AC generally precedes CAC development, aPVAT may be a precursor to extensive PARA and EPI development, with PARA more strongly associated.

scholarly journals Effects of Training and Detraining on Physical Fitness, Physical Activity Patterns, Cardiovascular Variables, and HRQoL after 3 Health-Promotion Interventions in Institutionalized Elders

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandrina Lobo ◽  
Joana Carvalho ◽  
Paula Santos
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Lower Strength ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Cardiovascular Variables

The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of different strategies of health on the levels of physical activity (PA), physical fitness (PF), cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and quality of life (QoL) of the institutionalized elderly. Concurrently studies were made of the effect of detraining on these same variables. In this investigation we carried out a prospective longitudinal study with an experimental design, with 1 year plus 3 months of a detraining period. Methodology. (a) A questionnaire with socio-demographic characteristics and a QoL scale (MOS SF-36); (b) Functional Fitness Test to assess PF; (c) An MTI Actigraph to evaluate the PA; (d) Biochemical analysis of blood, blood pressure and bio-impedance. The Main Results Indicated That: (i) ST significantly improved strength and body flexibility and AT the aerobic endurance, agility/dynamic balance and lower strength and flexibility; (ii) Implications of detraining were more evident on the PA groups in the lower body flexibility, which is associated with agility/dynamic balance and lower strength in the AT group; (iii) Cardiovascular variables improved significantly especially blood pressure, cholesterol and glucose in the ST and HDL in the AT group; not having undergone significant changes with the detraining. The results of this thesis contribute positively to highlight the importance of PA in the promotion of health, prevention and reduction of CVD risk factors and the improvement of the PF and QoL.

scholarly journals Breakfast consumption and CVD risk factors in European adolescents: the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1296-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Hallström ◽  
Idoia Labayen ◽  
Jonatan R Ruiz ◽  
Emma Patterson ◽  
Carine A Vereecken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Breakfast Consumption

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between breakfast consumption and CVD risk factors in European adolescents.DesignCross-sectional. Breakfast consumption was assessed by the statement ‘I often skip breakfast’ and categorized into ‘consumer’, ‘occasional consumer’ and ‘skipper’. Blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference, skinfold thickness, total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), TAG, insulin and glucose were measured and BMI, TC:HDL-C, LDL-C:HDL-C and homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were calculated.SettingThe European Union-funded HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study.SubjectsEuropean adolescents, aged 12·50–17·49 years, from ten cities within the HELENA study (n2929,n925 with blood sample, 53 % females).ResultsIn males, significant differences across breakfast consumption category (‘consumer’, ‘occasional consumer’ and ‘skipper’) were seen for age, BMI, skinfold thickness, waist circumference, cardiorespiratory fitness, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, TC:HDL-C, LDL-C:HDL-C, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and LDL-C; in females, for cardiorespiratory fitness, skinfold thickness, BMI, insulin and HOMA-IR. In overweight/obese males significant differences were also seen for TC and LDL-C, whereas no differences were observed in non-overweight males or in females regardless of weight status.ConclusionsOur findings among European adolescents confirm previous data indicating that adolescents who regularly consume breakfast have lower body fat content. The results also show that regular breakfast consumption is associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents, and with a healthier cardiovascular profile, especially in males. Eating breakfast regularly may also negate somewhat the effect of excess adiposity on TC and LDL-C, especially in male adolescents.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors Cluster in Children and Adolescents with Low Physical Fitness: The European Youth Heart Study (EYHS)

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Wedderkopp ◽  
Karsten Froberg ◽  
Henrik Steen Hansen ◽  
Chris Riddoch ◽  
Lars Bo Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
And Gender

The aim of this study was to assess the association between physical fitness and clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in boys and girls aged 9 years (children) and 15 years (adolescents). Subjects were 1020 randomly selected children and adolescents. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by a maximal cycle ergometer test. A subject was defined as having a risk factor if he/she belonged to the upper quartile of risk within age and gender group for that risk factor. Clustering was analysed in relation to being at risk in a) three or more and b) four or more of five possible risk factors (TC:HDL ratio, insulin:glucose ratio, triglyceride, systolic BP and sum of four skinfolds. Physical fitness was weakly related to single CVD risk factors except sum of skinfolds where the relationship was strong. Low fitness increased the risk of having three or more CVD risk factors with odds ratios (OR) using the upper quartile of fitness as reference of 1.9 (95% CI: 0.8–4.1), 3.0 (95% CI: 1.4–6.3) and 11.4 (95% CI: 5.7–22.9), respectively. Using the criterion of four or more risk factors, an OR of 24.1 (95% CI 5.7–101.1) was found in the low fit group.

Abstract P173: Dietary Patterns And Their Association With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors In Mexican Origin Adults Living In The U.s. Mexico Border

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximena Burgos ◽  
Joe Tomaka ◽  
Hector G Balcazar ◽  
Maria Duarte-Gardea
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
The U.S

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death for Hispanics in the U.S. Hispanics are disproportionally affected by CVD and experience risk factors at higher rates than non-Hispanic whites. Moreover, the prevalence of obesity has increased for Hispanics in the last decades. Although CVD are among the most expensive and widespread health problems, they are among the most preventable. Evidence shows that diet plays an important role in the development of CVD; population-wide dietary changes are partially responsible for the increasing epidemic of chronic diseases and the consumption of a healthier dietary pattern can help prevent and control CVD morbidity and mortality. The H.E.A.R.T. (Health Education Awareness Research Team) study was an 8-year NIH funded project that implemented risk-reduction strategies to improve heart health in Hispanics living in the U.S.-Mexico border. Baseline data from the H.E.A.R.T. study was used to evaluate dietary patterns among participants in the intervention and learn how to best utilize these patterns as potential risk or preventive factors in addressing CVD among Hispanics. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to characterize the dietary patterns of Hispanics, of Mexican origin, and assess their associations with CVD risk factors. We hypothesized that the consumption of an unhealthier dietary pattern would be associated with higher prevalence of risk factors when compared to a healthier pattern. Results: Baseline data included 605 Hispanics living in the U.S. -Mexico border. The average age was 44 ± 12.9 years. The majority of the sample was female (84.5%), almost two-thirds were born in Mexico and more than 50% were obese. Factor analysis identified five dietary patterns; two major patterns were labeled Western and Prudent; three minor patterns were labeled Mexican, Juice, and Sweets. The Western pattern was predominantly consumed by younger adults, males, and adults born in the U. S. The Prudent pattern was predominantly consumed by older adults, females, and adults born in Mexico. The Western pattern was positively and significantly associated with waist circumference (WC) only, but not BMI, blood pressure, or CVD risk index. The Prudent pattern was negatively and significantly associated with reduced CVD risk Index, as measured by an 11 item questionnaire. Conclusions: This study identified different dietary patterns among Hispanics. Two patterns were similar to those found previously in different populations. In addition, we identified that a healthy pattern, with high intake of fruit, vegetables, fish and poultry is associated with lower CVD risk index in a high risk population. Although the Western pattern was only associated with WC but not other CVD risk factor, overweight and obesity was present in 85% of participants indicating a strong need for strategies to reduce obesity and CVD risk factors in this population.

scholarly journals Health Attitudes and Beliefs Among Hypertensive Subjects: A Study of the Hellenic Atherosclerosis Society

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Evangelos Polychronopoulos ◽  
Ekavi N. Georgousopoulou ◽  
Tonia Vassilakou ◽  
Christos Pitsavos ◽  
Christina Chrysohoou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Health Attitudes ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

Introduction: Health attitudes and beliefs have long been associated with lower risk of various diseases, better compliance to medication and less likelihood of relapsing. The aim of this work was to study health beliefs and attitudes of hypertensive subjects in relation to the management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Methods: The Hellenic Atherosclerosis Society ran a project where during 2006-2012, 10,141 individuals (39 ± 15 years, 47% men, i.e., 0.01% of the Greek population), from all areas of the country, were voluntarily enrolled and participated into a face-toface interview that gathered information about their beliefs and attitudes on diet, smoking and physical activity, as well as management of CVD disorders. Results: Self-reported prevalence of hypertension was 16.7% in men and 13.2% in women. Hypertensive subjects had lower educational level than non-hypertensive (11 ± 5 vs. 13 ± 4.5 years of school, p<0.001). Hypertensive participants as compared to normotensive seemed not to accept that unhealthy diet which consists of a major CVD risk factor (16.2% vs. 23.1%, p<0.001); and they believed more in the effect of pharmaceutical medication than in healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: There is need for more effective health strategies in order to convince people, especially those with cardiometabolic disorders, on the importance of the modifiable CVD risk factors.

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