scholarly journals Robust behavioural effects in response to acute, but not repeated, terpene administration in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Szaszkiewicz ◽  
Shannon Leigh ◽  
Trevor J. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Sedative Effect ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Behavioural Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractTerpenes are fragrant aromatic compounds produced by a variety of plants, most notably cannabis and hops. With increasing legalization of cannabis there is a need to better understand the behavioural effects of terpenes and ultimately their therapeutic value. Our study investigated the dose-dependent impact of three terpenes (limonene 0.25, 0.5, 0.75%; β-myrcene 0.001, 0.01, 0.1%; and 0.0001, 0.001, 0.00125% linalool) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) behaviour when exposed both acutely and repeatedly over a 7-day period. Anxiety-like behaviour, boldness, and locomotion were assessed using the open field test and the novel object approach test. In the acute dosing experiment, limonene and β-myrcene exposed groups demonstrated a significant decrease in locomotion, a decrease in anxiety-like behaviour, and an increase in boldness, while linalool treatment groups demonstrated only minor alterations in locomotion. Moreover, repeated exposure to limonene (0.39%) or β-myrcene (0.0083%) for a seven day period did not result in any significant behavioural effects. In conclusion, our study provides support for an anxiolytic and sedative effect in zebrafish in response to acute limonene and β-myrcene exposure that is no longer present after one week of repeated exposure.

scholarly journals Robust Behavioural Effects in Response to Acute, But Not Repeated, Terpene Administration in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Szaszkiewicz ◽  
Shannon Leigh ◽  
Trevor J. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Sedative Effect ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Behavioural Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Medicinal Cannabis ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Terpenes are fragrant aromatic compounds produced by a variety of plants, most notably cannabis and hops. With increasing legalization of recreational and medicinal cannabis there is growing interest to better understand the behavioural effects of terpenes and ultimately their therapeutic value. Our study investigated the dose-dependent impact of three terpenes (limonene 0.25, 0.5, 0.75%; β-myrcene 0.001, 0.01, 0.1%; and 0.0001, 0.001, 0.00125% linalool) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) behaviour when exposed both acutely and repeatedly over a 7-day period. Anxiety-like behaviour, boldness, and locomotion were assessed using the open field test and the novel object approach test. In the acute dosing experiment, limonene and β-myrcene treatment groups demonstrated a significant decrease in locomotion, a decrease in anxiety-like behaviour, and an increase in boldness, while linalool treatment groups had minor alterations in locomotion. Moreover, chronic exposure to limonene (0.39%) or β-myrcene (0.0083%) did not result in any significant behavioural effects, suggesting that anxiety-like behaviour, locomotion, and boldness were not impacted at these levels. In conclusion, our study provides support for an anxiolytic and sedative effect in zebrafish in response to acute limonene, β-myrcene, and linalool exposure.

Behavioral analysis of anxiolytic action of phenazepam in conditions of an acute psychogenic stress (predator presentation) in Danio rerio

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Andrei A. Lebedev ◽  
Aleksandr S. Devyashin ◽  
Aleksandra A. Blazhenko ◽  
Sergei V. Kazakov ◽  
Viktor A. Lebedev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Psychogenic Stress ◽  
Pharmacological Substance ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect

We studied the effect of benzodiazepine anxiolytic phenazepam after the predator presentation to Danio rerio. The test of novelty was used: the fish was placed first in a beaker with a dissolved pharmacological substance (or H2O) and then into a novel tank for 6 min, where the trajectory, the path length, the number of movements to the upper part of the novel tank, the number and time of the pattern of freezing were measured. It is shown that, in response to the novelty of tank, the fish are reacted by submerging to the bottom, increasing the frizing, and reducing the number of movements to the upper half of the novel tank. After phenazepam administration, the fish were not only in the lower, but also in the upper part of the novel tank. The average path length did not change significantly in the range of doses used. The number and time of the frizing, as well as the time spent in the lower part of the novel tank, decreased more than 2 times compared to the control group of animals and showed a dose-dependent effect. The number of movements to the upper part of the novel tank for the experiment increased significantly from 1 in the control to 57 after phenazepam in a dose of 1 mg/l. At the same time, the number of movements of fish to the upper part of the novel tank significantly increased more than 2 times from 3th min of the experiment with the use of phenazepam in a dose of 1 mg/l. Predator presentation (Hypsophrys nicaraguensis) caused an increase in the number of freezing (temporary immobilization) and a decrease in the length of the trajectory of movement in the novel tank as compared with the Danio rerio control group. Phenazapam at a dose of 1 mg/l removed the effects of a predator, while exhibiting a typical effect: the number of movements to the upper part of the tank during the experiment significantly increased to 30; the time at the bottom of the tank was halved. It was concluded that the novelty stress test and the test with a predator are highly sensitive for studying anxiety-phobic reactions in Danio rerio.

scholarly journals Assessment of dose-dependent effects of anxiolytics of benzodiazepine structure with diazepam as an example in Danio Rerio

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Aleksandr S. Devyashin ◽  
Aleksandra A. Blazhenko ◽  
Viktor A. Lebedev ◽  
Andrei A. Lebedev ◽  
Eugenii R. Bychkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Pharmacological Substance ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect

Abstract. The effect of benzodiazepine anxiolytic diazepam in Danio rerio was investigated. Methods. A stress test on novelty situation was used: a fish was placed first in a beaker with a dissolved pharmacological substance (or water) and then into a novel tank for 6 min, where the trajectory, the path length, the number of movements to the upper part of the novel tank, the number and time of the pattern of freezing of the experiment were measured. Results. In response to the novelty of tank, the fish was shown to react by submerging to the bottom, increasing the freezing, and reducing the number of movements to the upper half of the novel tank. After diazepam exposure (administration), the fish was not only in the lower, but also in the upper part of the novel tank. A pharmacological analysis of diazepam effect in Danio rerio showed that in a certain dose range of 110 mg/l anxiolytic reduces (in comparison with the control group of fish) the number and time of freezing, increases the number of movements in the upper half of the tank and the swimming time in upper part of the tank. Diazepam causes a disinhibition of motor activity at doses of 1 and 5 mg/l, which may be explained by the effect of small doses of tranquilizers on presynaptic GABA-A autoreceptors. Diazepam 20 mg/l has a depriving effect. Conclusion. Diazepam acts in a higher dose range (110 mg/l) than phenazepam (0.11 mg/l) in Danio rerio. At the same time, diazepam is characterized by a domed dose-dependent effect, in contrast to the action of phenazepam. The prospect of using Danio rerio as an animal model in behavioral pharmacology is not inferior to studies in rodents.

scholarly journals Pharmacological manipulation of serotonin receptors during brain embryogenesis favours stress resiliency in female rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Lavanco ◽  
Angela Cavallaro ◽  
Emanuele Cannizzaro ◽  
Marco Giammanco ◽  
Danila Di Majo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Receptors ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Emotional Challenges ◽  
Behavioural Effects ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Manipulations of the serotonin transmission during early development induce long-lasting changes in the serotonergic circuitry throughout the brain. However, little is known on the developmental consequences in the female progeny. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring the behavioural effects of pre- and postnatal stimulation of the serotonergic system by 5-methoxytryptamine in adolescent female rats on behavioural reactivity and anxiety- like phenotype. Our results show that perinatal 5- methoxythyptamine decreased total distance travelled and rearing frequency in the novel enviroment, and increased the preference for the centre of the arena in the open field test. Moreover, perinatal 5-methoxytryptamine increased the percentages of entries and time spent on the open arms of the elevated plus maze, with respect to perinatally vehicle-exposed rats. Thus, perinatal stimulation of serotonin receptors does not impair the functional response to the emotional challenges in female rats, favouring the occurrence of a stress-resilient phenotype.

scholarly journals Effect of novelty stress on behavioral responses of Danio rerio and assessment of dose-dependent effects of anxiolytics of benzodiazepine structure with phenazepam as an example

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr D. Shabanov ◽  
Viktor A. Lebedev ◽  
Andrei A. Lebedev ◽  
Eugenii R. Bychkov
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pharmacological Substance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dose Dependent

The effect of benzodiazepine anxiolytic phenazepam in Danio rerio was investigated. Previously, Danio rerio showed the effects of other anxiolytics, dia_zepam and chlordiazepoxide. The analysis of the anxiolytic effect of phenazepam in Danio rerio was carried out for the first time. Methods. A stress test on novelty situation was used: a fish was placed first in a beaker with a dissolved pharmacological substance (or water) and then into a novel tank for 6 min, where the trajectory, the path length, the number of movements to the upper part of the novel tank, the number and time of the pattern of “freezing” for each min of the experiment were measured. Results. In response to the novelty of tank, the fish was shown to react by submerging to the bottom, increasing the freezing, and reducing the number of movements to the upper half of the novel tank. After phenazepam exposure (administration), the fish was not only in the lower, but also in the upper part of the novel tank. The average path length did not change significantly in the range of the doses used. The number and time of the freezing, as well as the time spent in the lower part of the novel tank, 2-fold decreased compared to the control group of animals and showed a dose-dependent effect. The number of movements to the upper part of the novel tank for the experiment increased significantly from 1 in the control to 57 after phenazepam in a dose of 1 mg/l. When analyzing the dynamics of the parameters for each min, it was shown that the time of the fish in the lower part of the novel tank decreased from 3th min of the experiment with the use of phenazepam in a dose of 0.5 mg/l. At the same time, the number of movements of fish to the upper part of the novel tank significantly increased more than 2 times from 3th min of the experiment with the use of phenazepam in a dose of 1 mg/l. Conclusion. The described method to study behavioral responses of Danio rerio on novelty stress is high sensitive in comparison with traditional behavioral methods of studing tranquilizers. The prospect of using Danio rerio as animal model in behavioral pharmacology is significant and does not concede research on rodents.

scholarly journals The long-term bio-behavioural effects of juvenile sildenafil treatment in Sprague-Dawley versus Flinders Sensitive Line rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Juandré Lambertus Bernardus Saayman ◽  
Stephanus Frederik Steyn ◽  
Christiaan Beyers Brink
Keyword(s):  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Bdnf Level ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Behavioural Effects ◽  
Sensitive Line ◽  
Level Analysis ◽  
Flinders Sensitive Line

Abstract Objective: To investigate the long-term effects of juvenile sub-chronic sildenafil (SIL) treatment on the depressive-like behaviour and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels of adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) versus Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats. Methods: SD and FSL rats were divided into pre-pubertal and pubertal groups, whereafter 14-day saline or SIL treatment was initiated. Pre-pubertal and pubertal rats were treated from postnatal day 21 (PND21) and PND35, respectively. The open field and forced swim tests (FST) were performed on PND60, followed by hippocampal BDNF level analysis one day later. Results: FSL rats displayed greater immobility in the FST compared to SD rats (p < 0.0001), which was reduced by SIL (p < 0.0001), regardless of treatment period. Hippocampal BDNF levels were unaltered by SIL in all treatment groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Juvenile sub-chronic SIL treatment reduces the risk of depressive-like behaviour manifesting during young adulthood in genetically susceptible rats.

scholarly journals Cytocompatibility of stabilized black phosphorus nanosheets tailored by directly conjugated polymeric micelles for human breast cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Biedulska ◽  
P. Jakóbczyk ◽  
M. Sosnowska ◽  
B. Dec ◽  
A. Muchlińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Black Phosphorus ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Aggressive Breast Cancer

AbstractThe novel procedure of few-layer black phosphorus (FLBP) stabilization and functionalisation was here proposed. The cationic polymer PLL and non-ionic PEG have been involved into encapsulation of FLBP to allow sufficient time for further nanofabrication process and overcome environmental degradation. Two different spacer chemistry was designed to bind polymers to tumor-homing peptides. The efficiency of functionalisation was examined by RP-HPLC, microscopic (TEM and SEM) and spectroscopic (FT-IR and Raman) techniques as well supported by ab-initio modelling. The cell and dose dependent cytotoxicity of FLBP and its bioconjugates was evaluated against HB2, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Functionalisation allowed not only for improvement of environmental stability, but also enhances therapeutic effect by abolished the cytotoxicity of FLBP against HB2 cell line. Moreover, modification of FLBP with PLL caused increase of selectivity against highly aggressive breast cancer cell lines. Results indicate the future prospect application of black phosphorus nanosheets as nanocarrier, considering its unique features synergistically with conjugated polymeric micelles.

scholarly journals Does Hyperoxia Restrict Pyrenean Rock Lizards Iberolacerta bonnali to High Elevations?

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Eric J. Gangloff ◽  
Sierra Spears ◽  
Laura Kouyoumdjian ◽  
Ciara Pettit ◽  
Fabien Aubret
Keyword(s):  
High Elevation ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Thermal Physiology ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Thermal Performance Curve ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Thermal Preferences ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Intense Radiation

Ectothermic animals living at high elevation often face interacting challenges, including temperature extremes, intense radiation, and hypoxia. While high-elevation specialists have developed strategies to withstand these constraints, the factors preventing downslope migration are not always well understood. As mean temperatures continue to rise and climate patterns become more extreme, such translocation may be a viable conservation strategy for some populations or species, yet the effects of novel conditions, such as relative hyperoxia, have not been well characterised. Our study examines the effect of downslope translocation on ectothermic thermal physiology and performance in Pyrenean rock lizards (Iberolacerta bonnali) from high elevation (2254 m above sea level). Specifically, we tested whether models of organismal performance developed from low-elevation species facing oxygen restriction (e.g., hierarchical mechanisms of thermal limitation hypothesis) can be applied to the opposite scenario, when high-elevation organisms face hyperoxia. Lizards were split into two treatment groups: one group was maintained at a high elevation (2877 m ASL) and the other group was transplanted to low elevation (432 m ASL). In support of hyperoxia representing a constraint, we found that lizards transplanted to the novel oxygen environment of low elevation exhibited decreased thermal preferences and that the thermal performance curve for sprint speed shifted, resulting in lower performance at high body temperatures. While the effects of hypoxia on thermal physiology are well-explored, few studies have examined the effects of hyperoxia in an ecological context. Our study suggests that high-elevation specialists may be hindered in such novel oxygen environments and thus constrained in their capacity for downslope migration.

Hydroxyl Safflower Yellow Pigment A (HSYA) Improves Vascular Endothelial Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1792-1798
Author(s):  
Li Yan ◽  
Ge Jingping ◽  
Yin Yuanyuan ◽  
Li Xiaomei ◽  
Zhao Boxiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Endothelial Injury ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dose Dependent

Aim: This research was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of HSYA in vascular endothelial injury by vitro study. Methods: Dividing HUVECs as Normal Control (NC), Model (LPS treated) group, HSYA-L, HSYA-M and HSYA-H groups. Cells in the HSYA treatment groups were treated with LPS, followed by 40 mg/ml, 80 mg/ml, and 120 mg/ml HSYA intervention (HSYA-L, HSYA-M, and HSYA -H groups), respectively. Measuring the cell proliferation, apoptosis, relative proteins and mRNA (TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB(p65)) expressions by MTT, Flow cytometry, WB and RT-qPCR assay. Using cellular immunofluorescence to evaluate NF-κB(p65) nuclear volume of difference groups. Results: With HSYA supplement, the cell proliferation rates were significantly up-regulation with cell apoptosis significantly down-regulation with TLR4 relatived mRNA and proteins and NF-κB(p65) nuclear significantly depressed with dose-dependent (P <0.05, respectively). Conclusion: HSYA improved vascular endothelial injury induced by LPS via TLR4 pathway In Vitro.

scholarly journals Effects of yoghurt enriched with plant sterols on serum lipids in patients with moderate hypercholesterolaemia

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Volpe ◽  
Leena Niittynen ◽  
Riitta Korpela ◽  
Cesare Sirtori ◽  
Antonello Bucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent

The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of consumption of a yoghurt-based drink enriched with 1–2 g plant sterols/d on serum lipids, transaminases, vitamins and hormone status in patients with primary moderate hypercholesterolaemia. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: a low-fat low-lactose yoghurt-based drink enriched with 1 g plant sterol extracted from soyabean/dv.a low-fat low-lactose yoghurt, for a period of 4 weeks. After a 2-week wash-out period, patients were crossed over for an additional 4-week period. Second, after a 4-week wash-out period, eleven patients were treated with 2 g plant sterols/d in a second open part of the study for a period of 8 weeks. The yoghurt enriched with plant sterols significantly reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels and LDL-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol (P<0·001), whereas no changes were observed in HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels, either in the first or the second part of the study. There were only slight, not statistically significant, differences in serum transaminase, vitamin and hormone levels. To conclude, a low-fat yoghurt-based drink moderately enriched with plant sterols may lower total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol effectively in patients with primary moderate hypercholesterolaemia.

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