scholarly journals Seasonal activity of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in the era of progressive climate change in eastern Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Zając ◽  
Joanna Kulisz ◽  
Aneta Woźniak ◽  
Katarzyna Bartosik ◽  
Adil Khan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Saturation Deficit ◽  
Annual Basis ◽  
Questing Ticks ◽  
The Mean

AbstractDermacentor reticulatus ticks are one of the most important vectors and reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens in Europe. Changes in the abundance and range of this species have been observed in the last decade and these ticks are collected in areas previously considered tick-free. This may be influenced by progressive climate change. Eastern Poland is an area where the local population of D. reticulatus is one of the most numerous among those described so far. At the same time, the region is characterized by a significant increase in the mean air temperature in recent years (by 1.81 °C in 2020) and a decrease in the average number of days with snow cover (by 64 days in 2020) and in the number of days with frost (by 20 days in 2020) on an annual basis compared to the long-term average. The aim of our research was to investigate the rhythms of seasonal activity and the population size of D. reticulatus in the era of progressive climate change. To this end, questing ticks were collected in 2017–2020. Next, the weather conditions in the years of observation were analyzed and compared with multi-year data covering 30 years preceding the study. The research results show that, in eastern Poland, there is a stable population of D. reticulatus with the peak of activity in spring or autumn (up to a maximum of 359 individuals within 30 min of collection) depending on the year of observation. Ticks of this species may also be active in winter months. The activity of D. reticulatus is influenced by a saturation deficit.

The density and peaks of seasonal activity of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in eastern Poland

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Zając ◽  
Aneta Woźniak ◽  
Joanna Kulisz
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Tick Population ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Previous Occurrence

Abstract Background: Next to Ixodes ricinus , Dermacentor reticulatus ticks are the most important reservoir and vector of infectious diseases in Europe. In recent years, progressing expansion of D. reticulatus ticks into new territories and an increase in their population size in areas of their previous occurrence have been observed.Methods: The studies on tick population density were conducted in Lublin Province, eastern Poland. The investigated area was divided into 101 equal squares (plots). Additionally, studies on seasonal activity in the preferred habitat of the ornate cow ticks were conducted from 2014 to 2019 in the Polesie National Park.Results: Throughout the study on the tick population density, 19559 adult D. reticulatus specimens were collected. An average density of the ornate cow ticks in Lublin Province was 96.8 specimens/100 m 2 . A significant impact on the tick population density is exerted by meadow areas (Rs=0.281, p=0.0044), while weather conditions have no effect (H=6.08, p=0.1931). The local population of D. reticulatus ticks in the eastern and middle regions of Lublin Province exhibits predominance of spring activity peaks, while autumnal seasonal activity peaks prevail in the rest of the region. Multiannual monitoring of the seasonal activity of D. reticulatus in the Polesie National Park shows the prevalence of autumnal activity peaks in 2014-2019 and spring activity peaks in 2019.Conclusions: The area of Lublin Province is characterized by high density of the ornate cow ticks. Local populations of D. reticulatus show two peaks of seasonal activity. Dynamics of seasonal activity of D. reticulatus is influenced by availability of their hosts. The highest risk of ornate cow tick attacks on animals and humans occurs during spring in the eastern part and in autumn in the western part of Lublin Province.

Laying date of marsh tits Parus palustris in relation to climate change

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdravko Dolenec
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Laying Date ◽  
Bird Breeding ◽  
Spring Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Marsh Tit ◽  
Term Data

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that climate change affects bird breeding phenology and other life-history traits of wildlife. This study is based on the mean spring temperatures (February, March, April) and laying dates of first eggs of the marsh tit Parus palustris. We collected data from 1984 to 2004 for the Mokrice area in NW Croatia. Correlation between laying date and mean spring temperatures was significant. The relationship between mean laying date (y) and air temperature (x) can be expressed as y = 44.69 − 2.08x. Results indicate that spring temperatures are a good predictor of timing of laying eggs. Such long-term data could than be used in order to assess the effects on biological systems if human activities influence climate.

Incremental Learning and Gradual Changes

2017 ◽  
pp. 1454-1487
Author(s):  
Yunita Triwardani Winarto ◽  
Kees/Cornelis Johan Stigter
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Incremental Learning ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Coping Mechanism ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Environmental Consequences

The environmental consequences of climate change in agriculture have been degrading farmers' livelihood and welfare because of their inability to cope with the unusual risks and livelihood crises due to climate change. However, state policies addressing farmers' needs to develop their coping mechanism towards the unusual consequences of climate change have not been defined appropriately. To continue relying on their conventional ways of farming would not effectively help them to survive in the midst of unusual weather conditions. A long-term educational commitment to improve farmers' agrometeorological learning is urgent. The authors present their inter- and trans-disciplinary collaborative works in providing climate services to farmers through Science Field Shops. Improving farmers' anticipation capability has been carried out through various means of learning. The authors describe the incremental learning process and the gradual changes the farmers in Indramayu Regency have gone through since 2010.

scholarly journals Effects of Climate Change on Epidemics of Powdery Mildew in Winter Wheat in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 1753-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuli Tang ◽  
Xueren Cao ◽  
Xiangming Xu ◽  
Yuying Jiang ◽  
Yong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Disease Epidemics

Powdery mildew is a highly destructive winter wheat pathogen in China. Since the causative agent is sensitive to changing weather conditions, we analyzed climatic records from regions with previous wheat powdery mildew epidemics (1970 to 2012) and investigated the long-term effects of climate change on the percent acreage (PA) of the disease. Then, using PA and the pathogen’s temperature requirements, we constructed a multiregression model to predict changes in epidemics during the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s under representative concentration pathways RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5. Mean monthly air temperature increased from 1970 to 2012, whereas hours of sunshine and relative humidity decreased (P < 0.001). Year-to-year temperature changes were negatively associated with those of PA during oversummering and late spring periods of disease epidemics, whereas positive relationships were noted for other periods, and year-to-year changes in relative humidity were correlated with PA changes in the early spring period of disease epidemics (P < 0.001). Our models also predicted that PA would increase less under RCP2.6 (14.43%) than under RCP4.5 (14.51%) by the 2020s but would be higher by the 2050s and 2080s and would increase least under RCP8.5 (14.37% by the 2020s). Powdery mildew will, thus, pose an even greater threat to China’s winter wheat production in the future.

scholarly journals Long-Term Trend of Climate Change and Drought Assessment in the Horn of Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihretab G. Ghebrezgabher ◽  
Taibao Yang ◽  
Xuemei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

Climate change due to global warming is a world concern, particularly in Africa. In this study, precipitation and temperature variables are taken as a proxy to assess and quantify the long-term climate change and drought in the Horn of Africa (HOA) (1930–2014). We adapted a simple linear regression and interpolation to analyze, respectively, the trend and spatial distribution of the mean annual precipitation and temperature. In addition, standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) was applied to evaluate the drought condition of the HOA. The results revealed that statistically the trend of precipitation decreased insignificantly; the trend of temperature was observed to drop very significantly between 1930 and 1969, but it was dramatically elevated very significantly from 1970 to 2014. The SPEI showed that the HOA experienced from mild to moderate drought throughout the study period with severe to extreme drought in some regions, particularly in 1943, 1984, 1991, and 2009. The drought was a very serious environmental problem in the HOA in the last 85 years. Thus, an immediate action is required to tackle drought and hence poverty and famine in the HOA.

scholarly journals Trends of weather-related impacts on Austrian crop production under changing climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Thaler ◽  
Josef Eitzinger ◽  
Gerhard Kubu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Crop Water

&lt;p&gt;Weather-related risks can affect crop growth and yield potentials directly (e.g. heat, frost, drought) and indirectly (e.g. through biotic factors such as pests). Due to climate change, severe shifts of cropping risks may occur, where farmers need to adapt effectively and in time to increase the resilience of existing cropping systems. For example, since the early 21st century, Europe has experienced a series of exceptionally dry and warmer than usual weather conditions (2003, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2018) which led to severe droughts with devastating impacts in agriculture on crop yields and pasture productivity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Austria has experienced above-average warming in the period since 1880. While the global average surface temperature has increased by almost 1&amp;#176;C, the warming in Austria during this period was nearly 2&amp;#176;C. Higher temperatures, changing precipitation patterns and more severe and frequent extreme weather events will significantly affect weather-sensitive sectors, especially agriculture. Therefore, the development of sound adaptation and mitigation strategies towards a &quot;climate-intelligent agriculture&quot; is crucial to improve the resilience of agricultural systems to climate change and increased climate variability. Within the project AGROFORECAST a set of weather-related risk indicators and tailored recommendations for optimizing crop management options are developed and tested for various forecast or prediction lead times (short term management: 10 days - 6 months; long term strategic planning: climate scenarios) to better inform farmers of upcoming weather and climate challenges.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here we present trends of various types of long-term weather-related impacts on Austrian crop production under past (1980-2020) and future periods (2035-2065). For that purpose, agro-climatic risk indicators and crop production indicators are determined in selected case study regions with the help of models. We use for the past period Austrian gridded weather data set (INCA) as well as different regionalized climate scenarios of the Austrian Climate Change Projections &amp;#214;KS15. The calculation of the agro-climatic indicators is carried out by the existing AGRICLIM model and the GIS-based ARIS software, which was developed for estimating the impact of adverse weather conditions on crops. The crop growth model AQUACROP is used for analysing soil-crop water balance parameters, crop yields and future crop water demand.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Depending on the climatic region, a more or less clear shift in the various agro-climatic indices can be expected towards 2050, e.g. the number of &quot;heat-stress-days&quot; for winter wheat increases significantly in eastern Austria. Furthermore, a decreasing trend in maize yield is simulated, whereas a mean increase in yield of spring barley and winter wheat can be expected under selected scenarios. Other agro-climatic risk indicators analysed include pest algorithms, risks from frost occurrence, overwintering conditions, climatic crop growing conditions, field workability and others, which can add additional impacts on crop yield variability, not considered by crop models.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE “PRECIPITATION – SOIL – DRAINAGE” SYSTEM UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE NORTH-WEST OF RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. Uskov ◽  
◽  
K. G. Moiseyev ◽  
M. V. Nikolaev ◽  
O. V. Kononenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
North West ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
The North ◽  
Precipitation Regimes

Purpose: to analyze the soil-climatic and anthropogenic reasons of decreasing drainage efficiency of closed pottery tubular drainage on the reclaimed lands of the North-West of Russia under the observed local weather conditions against the background of global climate changes. Materials and methods. The objects of research are seasonal precipitation regimes, reclaimed lands and drainage systems of closed tubular drainage. The methods of applied mathematical statistics, the ensemble method of processing and generalization of climate forecasts of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), modernized by the authors were used in research. Monitoring data on changes in the physical properties of soils of reclaimed lands during their long-term operation were obtained using laboratory agrophysical methods for studying samples taken in the field. Results. It is shown that under the conditions of the observed climatic changes, the frequency, intensity and extremeness of atmospheric precipitation are increased. Long-term exploitation of lands with a leaching drainage regime is accompanied by changes in the hydrophysical properties of soils, for example, the coefficient of heterogeneity of the subsurface horizons of soils texture of automorphic genesis decreased from 26 to 6. The system “precipitation – soil – drainage” in climatically abnormal weather conditions exceeding the initial calculated precipitation level mode by 10–20 %, is unable to ensure the removal of excess moisture from the root layer. Conclusions: when creating and reconstructing such reclamation drainage systems it is recommended to take into account the tendencies of changes in the spatial-temporal statistical structure of precipitation and to design technologies for regulating the water regime with systems for intercepting and diverting surface runoff on such reclaimed lands.

The Combined Effect of Nitrogen Treatment and Weather Conditions on Wheat Protein-Starch Interaction and Dough Quality

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Indrek Keres ◽  
Maarika Alaru ◽  
Reine Koppel ◽  
Illimar Altosaar ◽  
Tiina Tosens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Dough Quality ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Baltic

The objective of this field crop study was to compare the effect of organic (cattle manure, off-season cover crop) and mineral N (NH4NO3; 0, 50, 100° 150 kg N ha−1) fertilizers on (i) gluten-starch interaction, and (ii) rheological properties of winter wheat dough. Data were collected from the long-term field experiment located in the Baltic Sea region (58°22’ N, 26°40’ E) in years 2013–2017. The amount of minuppueral N 150 kg ha–1 applied in two parts before flowering ensured higher gluten content (31 ± 3.3%) and dough quality (81 ± 7.4 mm) due to more positive interactions between gluten proteins and starch granules. The quality of dough was more variable in organic treatments (ranged up to 33%) because the availability of organic N was more variable and sensitivity to the weather conditions was higher. The mean variability of different dough properties over trial years under organic treatments was 1.4–2.0 times higher than in the treatment with 150 kg N ha−1.

Knowledge level and constraints in adopting the recommended mitigation strategies on climate change in Haryana

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Dilip S ◽  
, Joginder Singh Malik ◽  
R.N. Sheokand
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Advisory Services ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
The Mean

The greatest influencer of agricultural productivity is the weather. Climate is typically defined as the normal weather, or more precisely, as the statistical explanation of important parameters in relations of the mean and variability over time scales extending from months to thousands or millions of years. Agriculture in India, as well as the respite of the world, is mostly reliant on the weather. Global warming has had an important impact on agriculture and its output. The shift in growing seasons and changes in agricultural zones have been exacerbated by rising temperatures. Changes in rainfall patterns, on the other hand, pose a severe threat to agriculture, affecting the country’s economy and food security. The sale of agricultural products such as fertilizers, agro-chemicals and tractors are also affected by the delayed or insufficient monsoons. As a result, the farmer’s income is impacted. The present study conducted during 2020-21 focuses on Knowledge level farmers on climate change and constraint experienced by the farmers in adopting recommended mitigation strategies in Hisar district. The majority of beneficiary farmers (48.89 per cent) had high knowledge level on Agro-met Advisory Services whereas majority of non-beneficiary farmers (67.76 per cent) had low knowledge level on Agro-met Advisory Services. Lack of technical skills and capacities for technology adoption, lack of awareness and sensitization about the creation and use of new technologies, non-availability of timely inputs, and lack of information about long-term mitigation strategies were the major constraints

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