Co-benefits of reducing PM2.5 and improving visibility by COVID-19 lockdown in Wuhan

Liquan Yao; Shaofei Kong; Huang Zheng; Nan Chen; Bo Zhu; Ke Xu; Wenxiang Cao; Ying Zhang; Mingming Zheng; Yi Cheng; Yao Hu; Zexuan Zhang; Yingying Yan; Dantong Liu; Tianliang Zhao; Yongqing Bai; Shihua Qi

doi:10.1038/s41612-021-00195-6

Co-benefits of reducing PM2.5 and improving visibility by COVID-19 lockdown in Wuhan

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science ◽

10.1038/s41612-021-00195-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Liquan Yao ◽

Shaofei Kong ◽

Huang Zheng ◽

Nan Chen ◽

Bo Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Reduction ◽

Scattering Efficiency

AbstractThe less improvement of ambient visibility suspects the government’s efforts on alleviating PM2.5 pollution. The COVID-19 lockdown reduced PM2.5 and increased visibility in Wuhan. Compared to pre-lockdown period, the PM2.5 concentration decreased by 39.0 μg m−3, dominated by NH4NO3 mass reduction (24.8 μg m−3) during lockdown period. The PM2.5 threshold corresponding to visibility of 10 km (PTV10) varied in 54–175 μg m−3 and an hourly PM2.5 of 54 μg m−3 was recommended to prevent haze occurrence. The lockdown measures elevated PTV10 by 9–58 μg m−3 as the decreases in PM2.5 mass scattering efficiency and optical hygroscopicity. The visibility increased by 107%, resulted from NH4NO3 extinction reduction. The NH4NO3 mass reduction weakened its mutual promotion with aerosol water and increased PM2.5 deliquescence humidity. Controlling TNO3 (HNO3 + NO3−) was more effective to reduce PM2.5 and improve visibility than NHx (NH3 + NH4+) unless the NHx reduction exceeded 11.7–17.5 μg m−3.

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2295-PUB: Impaired First-Phase Insulin Secretion Predicts the Development of Hyperglycemia in a Human Model of Acute Beta-Cell Mass Reduction

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db20-2295-pub ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 2295-PUB

Author(s):

TERESA MEZZA ◽

PIETRO MANUEL FERRARO ◽

GIANFRANCO DI GIUSEPPE ◽

CHIARA MARIA ASSUNTA CEFALO ◽

SIMONA MOFFA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Secretion ◽

Beta Cell ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Beta Cell Mass ◽

Human Model ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

First Phase Insulin Secretion

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Effect of planting date and density on calendula and peppermint herbs

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v1i1.4241 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 25-29

Author(s):

Rahim Mohammadian ◽

Behnam Tahmasebpour ◽

Peyvand Samimifar

Keyword(s):

Mutual Effect ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Planting Date ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

Flower Number ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Total Maximum

A factorial experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of planting date and density on calendula herbs and peppermint. It had 3 replicates and was done in Khosroshahr research farm, Tabriz in 2006. Under studied factors were: 3 planting dates (10 May, 25 May and 10 June) in 4 densities (25, 35, 45, 55) of the plant in square meters. The results of variance a nalysis showed that there was 1% probability significant difference between the effects of planting date and bush density on the leave number, bush height and the bush dry weight. But the mutual effect of the plant date in mentioned traits density was insignificant. Regarding the traits mean comparison, the total maximum dry weight was about the 55 bush density in mm. Also, the bush high density in mm causes the bush growth and its mass reduction. When there is the density grain, the flower number will increase due to bush grain in surface unit. Overall, we can conclude that 10 June planting and 45 bush density in mm is the most suitable items and results in favored production with high essence for these crops.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of V1/V2 Vasopressin receptor antagonism potentiates the renoprotection of renin-angiotensin system inhibition in rats with renal mass reduction.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1180956.643054 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Mai Ots-Rosenberg

Keyword(s):

Renal Mass ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Vasopressin Receptor ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

Angiotensin System ◽

Receptor Antagonism ◽

Renin Angiotensin ◽

V2 Vasopressin Receptor

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Effect of Processed Beverage By-Product-Based Diets on Biological Parameters, Conversion Efficiency and Body Composition of Hermetia illucens (L) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12050475 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 475

Author(s):

Vassilios Sideris ◽

Maria Georgiadou ◽

Georgios Papadoulis ◽

Konstantinos Mountzouris ◽

Antonios Tsagkarakis

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Larval Density ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

Spent Coffee Grounds ◽

Hermetia Illucens ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Spent Grains ◽

Coffee Grounds ◽

By Products

The effect of spent coffee grounds (SCG), brewer’s spent grains (BSG) and their mixtures with the addition of brewer’s yeast (BY) were tested in two rearing densities of the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (L.). Different treatments were investigated on larval development, survival, yield, protein conversion (PrCR) and bioconversion rate (BCR), substrate mass reduction and body composition of the insect. BSF larvae were able to develop sufficiently in all diets, except on sole SCG. The addition of BY enhanced the performance properties of diets, especially in the case of SCG, where larvae underperformed. Substrate mass reduction, PrCR and BCR were affected only by feed and exhibited higher values on reference feed, followed by BSG and SCG+BSG enriched with BY. Density did not have a significant effect on various larval nutrients, except for fat, which was higher on larvae fed enriched feeds with BY and in the 300 larval density. The interaction between feed and density strongly affected the nitrogen and protein levels, larval yield and ash. Generally, diets which contained SCG exhibited high larval crude protein levels. Our results illustrate that low value beverage by-products can be successfully utilized as constituents of a successful BSF diet.

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Formation of GW190521 from stellar evolution: the impact of the hydrogen-rich envelope, dredge-up and 12C(α, γ)16O rate on the pair-instability black hole mass gap

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/staa3916 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Guglielmo Costa ◽

Alessandro Bressan ◽

Michela Mapelli ◽

Paola Marigo ◽

Giuliano Iorio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stellar Evolution ◽

Reaction Rate ◽

Primary Component ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

Black Hole Mass ◽

Core Mass ◽

The Core ◽

Mass Gap ◽

M Stars ◽

The Impact

Abstract Pair-instability (PI) is expected to open a gap in the mass spectrum of black holes (BHs) between ≈40 − 65 M⊙ and ≈120 M⊙. The existence of the mass gap is currently being challenged by the detection of GW190521, with a primary component mass of $85^{+21}_{-14}$ M⊙. Here, we investigate the main uncertainties on the PI mass gap: the 12C(α, γ)16O reaction rate and the H-rich envelope collapse. With the standard 12C(α, γ)16O rate, the lower edge of the mass gap can be 70 M⊙ if we allow for the collapse of the residual H-rich envelope at metallicity Z ≤ 0.0003. Adopting the uncertainties given by the starlib database, for models computed with the 12C(α, γ)16O rate −1 σ, we find that the PI mass gap ranges between ≈80 M⊙ and ≈150 M⊙. Stars with MZAMS > 110 M⊙ may experience a deep dredge-up episode during the core helium-burning phase, that extracts matter from the core enriching the envelope. As a consequence of the He-core mass reduction, a star with MZAMS = 160 M⊙ may avoid the PI and produce a BH of 150 M⊙. In the −2 σ case, the PI mass gap ranges from 92 M⊙ to 110 M⊙. Finally, in models computed with 12C(α, γ)16O −3 σ, the mass gap is completely removed by the dredge-up effect. The onset of this dredge-up is particularly sensitive to the assumed model for convection and mixing. The combined effect of H-rich envelope collapse and low 12C(α, γ)16O rate can lead to the formation of BHs with masses consistent with the primary component of GW190521.

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Laser-induced fabrication of porous gold nanoshells

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/c8nr04617d ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (43) ◽

pp. 20108-20112 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Tae-Hyeon Park ◽

Du-Jeon Jang

Keyword(s):

Raman Scattering ◽

Laser Irradiation ◽

High Surface ◽

Gold Nanoshells ◽

Nanosecond Laser ◽

Scattering Efficiency ◽

Porous Gold ◽

Surface Enhanced ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman ◽

Enhanced Raman Scattering

Hollow and porous gold nanoshells with high surface-enhanced Raman scattering efficiency have been fabricated through utilizing nanosecond laser irradiation.

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Optimal design of 6-DOF eclipse mechanism based on task-oriented workspace

Robotica ◽

10.1017/s0263574711000774 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 1041-1048 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Donghun Lee ◽

Jongwon Kim ◽

TaeWon Seo

Keyword(s):

Optimal Design ◽

Unit Length ◽

Numerical Procedure ◽

Design Procedure ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

Objective Functions ◽

Design Efficiency ◽

Task Oriented ◽

Structural Mass ◽

Optimal Set

SUMMARYWe present a new numerical optimal design for a redundant parallel manipulator, the eclipse, which has a geometrically symmetric workspace shape. We simultaneously consider the structural mass and design efficiency as objective functions to maximize the mass reduction and minimize the loss of design efficiency. The task-oriented workspace (TOW) and its partial workspace (PW) are considered in efficiently obtaining an optimal design by excluding useless orientations of the end-effector and by including just one cross-sectional area of the TOW. The proposed numerical procedure is composed of coarse and fine search steps. In the coarse search step, we find the feasible parameter regions (FPR) in which the set of parameters only satisfy the marginal constraints. In the fine search step, we consider the multiobjective function in the FPR to find the optimal set of parameters. In this step, fine search will be kept until it reaches the optimal set of parameters that minimize the proposed objective functions by continuously updating the PW in every iteration. By applying the proposed approach to an eclipse-rapid prototyping machine, the structural mass of the machine can be reduced by 8.79% while the design efficiency is increased by 6.2%. This can be physically interpreted as a mass reduction of 49 kg (the initial structural mass was 554.7 kg) and a loss of 496 mm3/mm in the workspace volume per unit length. The proposed optimal design procedure could be applied to other serial or parallel mechanism platforms that have geometrically symmetric workspace shapes.

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