scholarly journals The genome of the thin-necked bladder worm Taenia hydatigena reveals evolutionary strategies for helminth survival

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Xiaolin Liu ◽  
Zhongli Liu ◽  
Yugui Wang ◽  
Aijiang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Evolutionary Strategies ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽  
Gene Diversification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parasitic Fitness ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

AbstractTaenia hydatigena is a widespread gastrointestinal helminth that causes significant health problems in livestock industry. This parasite can survive in a remarkably wide range of intermediate hosts and affects the transmission dynamics of zoonotic parasites. T. hydatigena is therefore of particular interest to researchers interested in studying zoonotic diseases and the evolutionary strategies of parasites. Herein we report a high-quality draft genome for this tapeworm, characterized by some hallmarks (e.g., expanded genome size, wide integrations of viral-like sequences and extensive alternative splicing during development), and specialized adaptations related to its parasitic fitness (e.g., adaptive evolutions for teguments and lipid metabolism). Importantly, in contrast with the evolutionarily close trematodes, which achieve gene diversification associated with immunosuppression by gene family expansions, in T. hydatigena and other cestodes, this is accomplished by alternative splicing and gene loss. This indicates that these two classes have evolved different mechanisms for survival. In addition, molecular targets for diagnosis and intervention were identified to facilitate the development of control interventions. Overall, this work uncovers new strategies by which helminths evolved to interact with their hosts.

Taeniasis in a German Shepherd Pup: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
B J Thakre ◽  
Joice P Joseph ◽  
Binod Kumar ◽  
Nilima Brahmbhatt ◽  
Krishna Gamit
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Taenia Multiceps ◽  
Taenia Crassiceps ◽  
Dipylidium Caninum

Taenia spp. are long, segmented, parasitic tapeworms and are relatively uncommon in canine gastrointestinal diseases compared to other tapeworms like Dipylidium caninum. These parasites have an indirect life cycle, cycling between definitive and intermediate hosts. Dogs act as definitive hosts of different species of Taenia including Taenia multiceps, Taenia serialis, Taenia crassiceps, Taenia hydatigena, Taenia pisiformis, etc. Taenia multiceps is of greatest zoonotic relevance in human. In the definitive host, it causes only mild infection. Larvae are more likely to cause disease than adult tapeworms. Taeniasis in pets should be cautiously handled because of its zoonotic importance. This communication reports a case of 3 months old pup suffering from Taenia infection that was successfully managed with a combination of praziquantel and fenbendazole.

scholarly journals Leeches as the intermediate host for strigeid trematodes: genetic diversity and taxonomy of the genera Australapatemon Sudarikov, 1959 and Cotylurus Szidat, 1928

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Pyrka ◽  
Gerard Kanarek ◽  
Grzegorz Zaleśny ◽  
Joanna Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Leeches (Hirudinida) play a significant role as intermediate hosts in the circulation of trematodes in the aquatic environment. However, species richness and the molecular diversity and phylogeny of larval stages of strigeid trematodes (tetracotyle) occurring in this group of aquatic invertebrates remain poorly understood. Here, we report our use of recently obtained sequences of several molecular markers to analyse some aspects of the ecology, taxonomy and phylogeny of the genera Australapatemon and Cotylurus, which utilise leeches as intermediate hosts. Methods From April 2017 to September 2018, 153 leeches were collected from several sampling stations in small rivers with slow-flowing waters and related drainage canals located in three regions of Poland. The distinctive forms of tetracotyle metacercariae collected from leeches supplemented with adult Strigeidae specimens sampled from a wide range of water birds were analysed using the 28S rDNA partial gene, the second internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2) region and the cytochrome c oxidase (COI) fragment. Results Among investigated leeches, metacercariae of the tetracotyle type were detected in the parenchyma and musculature of 62 specimens (prevalence 40.5%) with a mean intensity reaching 19.9 individuals. The taxonomic generic affiliation of metacercariae derived from the leeches revealed the occurrence of two strigeid genera: Australapatemon Sudarikov, 1959 and Cotylurus Szidat, 1928. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on the partial 28S rRNA gene, ITS2 region and partial COI gene confirmed the separation of the Australapatemon and Cotylurus clades. Taking currently available molecular data and our results into consideration, recently sequenced tetracotyle of Australapatemon represents most probably Au. minor; however, unclear phylogenetic relationships between Au. burti and Au. minor reduce the reliability of this conclusion. On the other hand, on the basis of the obtained sequences, supplemented with previously published data, the metacercariae of Cotylurus detected in leeches were identified as two species: C. strigeoides Dubois, 1958 and C. syrius Dubois, 1934. This is the first record of C. syrius from the intermediate host. Conclusions The results of this study suggest the separation of ecological niches and life cycles between C. cornutus (Rudolphi, 1808) and C. strigeoides/C. syrius, with potential serious evolutionary consequences for a wide range of host–parasite relationships. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses corroborated the polyphyletic character of C. syrius, the unclear status of C. cornutus and the separate position of Cotylurus raabei Bezubik, 1958 within Cotylurus. The data demonstrate the inconsistent taxonomic status of the sequenced tetracotyle of Australapatemon, resulting, in our opinion, from the limited availability of fully reliable, comparative sequences of related taxa in GenBank.

scholarly journals The draft genome sequence of the grove snail Cepaea nemoralis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne V Saenko ◽  
Dick S J Groenenberg ◽  
Angus Davison ◽  
Menno Schilthuizen
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Shell Color ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Cepaea Nemoralis ◽  
Edible Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Long Read

Abstract Studies on the shell color and banding polymorphism of the grove snail Cepaea nemoralis and the sister taxon Cepaea hortensis have provided compelling evidence for the fundamental role of natural selection in promoting and maintaining intraspecific variation. More recently, Cepaea has been the focus of citizen science projects on shell color evolution in relation to climate change and urbanization. C. nemoralis is particularly useful for studies on the genetics of shell polymorphism and the evolution of “supergenes,” as well as evo-devo studies of shell biomineralization, because it is relatively easily maintained in captivity. However, an absence of genomic resources for C. nemoralis has generally hindered detailed genetic and molecular investigations. We therefore generated ∼23× coverage long-read data for the ∼3.5 Gb genome, and produced a draft assembly composed of 28,537 contigs with the N50 length of 333 kb. Genome completeness, estimated by BUSCO using the metazoa dataset, was 91%. Repetitive regions cover over 77% of the genome. A total of 43,519 protein-coding genes were predicted in the assembled genome, and 97.3% of these were functionally annotated from either sequence homology or protein signature searches. This first assembled and annotated genome sequence for a helicoid snail, a large group that includes edible species, agricultural pests, and parasite hosts, will be a core resource for identifying the loci that determine the shell polymorphism, as well as in a wide range of analyses in evolutionary and developmental biology, and snail biology in general.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of a Medium- and Long-Chain n-Alkane-Degrading Bacterium, Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens Strain PS2, with Two Genetic Systems for Alkane Degradation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriya A. Romanova ◽  
Eugenia A. Boulygina ◽  
Maria N. Siniagina ◽  
Maria I. Markelova ◽  
Tatiana V. Grigoryeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Alkane Degradation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Chain

Here, we report the genome sequence of Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens strain PS2, which was isolated from hydrocarbon sludge of an organic synthesis factory. This strain was able to utilize a wide range of n-alkanes, from C16 to C35, as sole carbon sources.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Histopathological Investigation of Sarcocystis spp. in Slaughtered Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Ahmed Gareh ◽  
Mahmoud Soliman ◽  
Amira A. Saleh ◽  
Fatma A. El-Gohary ◽  
Heba M. M. El-Sherbiny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Sarcocystis Spp ◽  
Wide Range

Sarcocystosis is considered one of the major parasitic diseases with a worldwide distribution. It is caused by the obligatory intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Sarcocystis. Besides its public health issues, sarcocystosis results in significant economic losses due to its impact on productivity and milk yield. A wide range of final and intermediate hosts have been identified, including mammals, birds, and reptiles; however, few studies have investigated the contribution of camels to maintaining the epidemiological foci of the disease in countries such as Egypt. The present study was conducted to grossly and histopathologically identify the prevalence rate of Sarcocystis spp. in camels (N = 100) from the Aswan Governorate, Egypt. Furthermore, the major risk factors related to the development of sarcocystosis in camels were investigated. Samples from the diaphragm, cardiac muscle, esophagus, and testes of the slaughtered camels were collected. Interestingly, Sarcocystis was detected in 75% of the examined camels. Following the studied variable factors, camels aged 5 years or more were found to be at higher risk, with an infection rate of 87.7% (57 of 65) than those younger than 5 years. The infection rate was 81.4% (57 of 70) in males and 60% (18 of 30) in females. The esophagus was the most affected organ (49%), followed by the diaphragm (26%) and cardiac muscle (17%), whereas none of the testes samples were affected. Taken together, the present study demonstrates the high prevalence of Sarcocystis in the examined camels and suggests the importance of these animals in preserving the epidemiological foci of sarcocystosis in Egypt. Future research should map the circulating strains in Egypt and aim to raise public health awareness about the importance of sarcocystosis and other related zoonotic diseases.

Intestinal parasites of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in northern and western Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 643-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janna M. Schurer ◽  
Michael Pawlik ◽  
Anna Huber ◽  
Brett Elkin ◽  
H. Dean Cluff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parasite Spillover ◽  
Diphyllobothrium Latum

Gray wolves (Canis lupus L., 1758) are mobile opportunistic predators that can be infected by a wide range of parasites, with many acquired via predator–prey relationships. Historically, many of these parasites were identified only to genus or family, but genetic tools now enable identification of parasite fauna to species and beyond. We examined 191 intestines from wolves harvested for other purposes from regions in the Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Adult helminths were collected from intestinal contents for morphological and molecular identification, and for a subset of wolves, fecal samples were also analyzed to detect helminth eggs and protozoan (oo)cysts. Using both detection methods, we found that 83% of 191 intestines contained one or more parasite species, including cestodes (Taenia spp., Echinococcus spp., and Diphyllobothrium sp.), nematodes (Uncinaria stenocephala Railliet, 1884, Trichuris spp., Physaloptera spp., and Toxascaris leonina (von Linstow, 1902)), a trematode (Alaria sp.), and protozoa (Sarcocystis spp., Giardia sp., and Cryptosporidium spp.). Molecular characterization identified one species of Diphyllobothrium (Diphyllobothrium latum (L., 1758) Cobbold, 1858), three species of Taenia (Taenia krabbei Moniez, 1879, Taenia hydatigena Pallas, 1766, and Taenia multiceps Leske, 1786), and two Giardia duodenalis (Davaine) Deschiens, 1921 assemblages (B and C). These results demonstrate the diverse diet of wolves and illustrate the possibility of parasite spillover among wildlife, domestic animals, and people.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Rhodopirellula baltica Strain BR-MGV, a Planctomycete Isolated from Brazilian Mangrove Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Eschholz de Araújo ◽  
Rodrigo Gouvêa Taketani ◽  
Michele de Cássia Pereira e Silva ◽  
Marcus Venicius de Mello Lourenço ◽  
Fernando Dini Andreote
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mangrove Soil ◽  
Wide Range

Members of the phylum Planctomycetes, which are capable of surviving in a wide range of environments, are some of the least-explored bacteria. Here, we report the near-complete draft genome sequence and annotation of the planctomycete Rhodopirellula baltica BR-MGV, which was isolated from the soil of a contaminated Brazilian mangrove.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of Trichoderma lixii MUT3171, A Promising Strain for Mycoremediation of PAH-Contaminated Sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1258
Author(s):  
Francesco Venice ◽  
Domenico Davolos ◽  
Federica Spina ◽  
Anna Poli ◽  
Valeria Paola Prigione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Genome Mining ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trichoderma Lixii

Mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread and recalcitrant pollutants that threaten both environmental and human health. By exploiting the powerful enzymatic machinery of fungi, mycoremediation in contaminated sites aims at removing a wide range of pollutants in a cost-efficient and environmentally friendly manner. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques are powerful tools for understanding the molecular basis of biotransformation of PAHs by selected fungal strains, allowing genome mining to identify genetic features of biotechnological value. Trichoderma lixii MUT3171, isolated from a historically PAH-contaminated soil in Italy, can grow on phenanthrene, as a sole carbon source. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of T. lixii MUT3171 obtained with high-throughput sequencing method. The genome of T. lixii MUT3171 was compared with other 14 Trichoderma genomes, highlighting both shared and unique features that can shed a light on the biotransformation of PAHs. Moreover, the genes potentially involved in the production of important biosurfactants and bioactive molecules have been investigated. The gene repertoire of T. lixii MUT3171 indicates a high degrading potential and provides hints on putative survival strategies in a polluted environment.

scholarly journals Analysis of Circulating Haemocytes fromBiomphalaria glabratafollowingAngiostrongylus vasorumInfection Using Flow Cytometry

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thales A. Barçante ◽  
Joziana M. P. Barçante ◽  
Ricardo T. Fujiwara ◽  
Walter S. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Activation Mechanisms ◽  
Labelling Procedure ◽  
Dual Colour ◽  
Cellular Defence ◽  
Cellular Components

Angiostrongylus vasorumis an emerging parasite of dogs and related to carnivores that have an indirect life cycle, with a wide range of terrestrial and aquatic gastropods as the obligatory intermediate host. Unfortunately, the relationship betweenA. vasorumand their snail hosts remains poorly understood. Circulating haemocytes are the main line of cellular defence involved in the destruction of helminths in snails. Aiming to further characterize the haemocyte subsets inBiomphalariasnails, we have performed a flow cytometric analysis of whole haemolymph cellular components using a multiparametric dual colour labelling procedure. Our findings demonstrated thatB. glabratainfected withA. vasorumhave two major circulating haemocyte subsets, referred to as small and large haemocytes. Differences in the cell proportion occurred over time. The development of better invertebrate infection control strategies would certainly result in the better control of human diseases caused by other species of the genusAngiostrongylus. Such knowledge will assist in the establishment of novel control strategies aimed at parasites that use molluscs as intermediate hosts and clarify new aspects of the parasite-host relationship regarding cell recognition and activation mechanisms, which are also found in the innate response of vertebrates.

Molecular identification ofSarcocystisspp. helped to define the origin of green pythons (Morelia viridis) confiscated in Germany

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
GASTÓN MORÉ ◽  
NIKOLA PANTCHEV ◽  
DALAND C. HERRMANN ◽  
MAJDA GLOBOKAR VRHOVEC ◽  
SABINE ÖFNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Apicomplexan Parasites ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
18S Rrna Genes

SUMMARYSarcocystisspp. represent apicomplexan parasites. They usually have a heteroxenous life cycle. Around 200 species have been described, affecting a wide range of animals worldwide, including reptiles. In recent years, large numbers of reptiles have been imported into Europe as pets and, as a consequence, animal welfare and species protection issues emerged. A sample of pooled feces from four confiscated green pythons (Morelia viridis) containingSarcocystisspp. sporocysts was investigated. These snakes were imported for the pet trade and declared as being captive-bred. Full length 18S rRNA genes were amplified, cloned into plasmids and sequenced. Two differentSarcocystisspp. sequences were identified and registered asSarcocystissp. fromM. viridisin GenBank. Both showed a 95–97% sequence identity with the 18S rRNA gene ofSarcocystis singaporensis.Phylogenetic analysis positioned these sequences together with otherSarcocystisspp. from snakes and rodents as definitive and intermediate hosts (IH), respectively. Sequence data and also the results of clinical and parasitological examinations suggest that the snakes were definitive hosts forSarcocystisspp. that circulate in wild IH. Thus, it seems unlikely that the infected snakes had been legally bred. Our research shows that information on the infection of snakes withSarcocystisspp. may be used to assess compliance with regulations on the trade with wildlife species.

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