scholarly journals Improved clearing method contributes to deep imaging of plant organs

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Sakamoto ◽  
Anna Ishimoto ◽  
Yuuki Sakai ◽  
Moeko Sato ◽  
Ryuichi Nishihama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
High Refractive Index ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Fluorescent Signal ◽  
Deep Imaging ◽  
Gfp Fluorescence ◽  
Clearing Method

AbstractTissue clearing methods are increasingly essential for the microscopic observation of internal tissues of thick biological organs. We previously developed TOMEI, a clearing method for plant tissues; however, it could not entirely remove chlorophylls nor reduce the fluorescent signal of fluorescent proteins. Here, we developed an improved TOMEI method (iTOMEI) to overcome these limitations. First, a caprylyl sulfobetaine was determined to efficiently remove chlorophylls from Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings without GFP quenching. Next, a weak alkaline solution restored GFP fluorescence, which was mainly lost during fixation, and an iohexol solution with a high refractive index increased sample transparency. These procedures were integrated to form iTOMEI. iTOMEI enables the detection of much brighter fluorescence than previous methods in tissues of A. thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Marchantia polymorpha. Moreover, a mouse brain was also efficiently cleared by the iTOMEI-Brain method within 48 h, and strong fluorescent signals were detected in the cleared brain.

scholarly journals Improved clearing method contributes to deep imaging of plant organs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Sakamoto ◽  
Anna Ishimoto ◽  
Yuuki Sakai ◽  
Moeko Sato ◽  
Ryuuichi Nishihama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Fluorescent Signal ◽  
Deep Imaging ◽  
Clearing Method

Abstract Tissue clearing methods are increasingly essential for microscopic observation of internal tissues of thick biological organs. We previously developed TOMEI, a clearing method for plant tissues; however, it could not entirely remove chlorophylls and reduced the fluorescent signal of fluorescent proteins (FPs). Here, we developed an improved TOMEI method (iTOMEI) to overcome these limitations. We show that iTOMEI efficiently removes chlorophylls using caprylyl sulfobetaine solution and restores fluorescence of FPs, mainly lost by fixation, using a weak alkaline solution. iTOMEI enables detection of much brighter FP fluorescence than previous methods within 26 h in tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Marchantia polymorpha. Moreover, a mouse brain was also efficiently cleared by the iTOMEI-Brain method within 48 h and strong fluorescent signals were detected in the cleared brain.

scholarly journals Toward Better Medical Diagnosis: Tissue Optical Clearing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Omnia Hamdy ◽  
Rania M. Abdelazeem
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
High Refractive Index ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Optical Clearing ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Deep Imaging ◽  
Tissue Optical Clearing

Reaching efficient, safe and painless medical diagnosis procedure is a very valued goal for many research areas. Despite the great advantages of using optical imaging techniques in medical diagnosis including high safety and relative simplicity, it still suffers from relatively low resolution and penetration depth in the multiple scattering mediums such as biological tissues. Therefore, researchers began to devise ways to reduce the scattering properties of the tissue, hence increasing the imaging contrast. Optical clearing concept is introduced to do this job. This technique can reduce tissues scattering properties by using high refractive index chemicals, thus making the tissue transparent by equalizing the refractive index through that medium. In this paper, theory and techniques of optical clearing method are illustrated utilizing its benefits for deep imaging of different body tissues and organs.

Accelerated Discovery of High-Refractive-Index Polyimides via First-Principles Molecular Modeling, Virtual High-Throughput Screening, and Data Mining

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Atif Faiz Afzal ◽  
Mojtaba Haghighatlari ◽  
Sai Prasad Ganesh ◽  
Chong Cheng ◽  
Johannes Hachmann
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
First Principles ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
High Refractive Index ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Learning Program

<div>We present a high-throughput computational study to identify novel polyimides (PIs) with exceptional refractive index (RI) values for use as optic or optoelectronic materials. Our study utilizes an RI prediction protocol based on a combination of first-principles and data modeling developed in previous work, which we employ on a large-scale PI candidate library generated with the ChemLG code. We deploy the virtual screening software ChemHTPS to automate the assessment of this extensive pool of PI structures in order to determine the performance potential of each candidate. This rapid and efficient approach yields a number of highly promising leads compounds. Using the data mining and machine learning program package ChemML, we analyze the top candidates with respect to prevalent structural features and feature combinations that distinguish them from less promising ones. In particular, we explore the utility of various strategies that introduce highly polarizable moieties into the PI backbone to increase its RI yield. The derived insights provide a foundation for rational and targeted design that goes beyond traditional trial-and-error searches.</div>

Preparation and Characterization of Polyvinylidene Fluoride/ZrO2-TiO2 Optical Film with Wide Band Gap and High Refractive Index

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Qing ZHANG ◽  
Li-Li ZHAO ◽  
Shi-Long XU ◽  
Chao ZHANG ◽  
Xiao-Ying CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
High Refractive Index ◽  
Wide Band Gap ◽  
Optical Film

Three-band perfect absorber with high refractive index sensing based on active tunable Dirac semimetal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyou Li ◽  
Zao Yi ◽  
Tinting Liu ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Xifang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
High Refractive Index ◽  
Gold Layer ◽  
Perfect Absorber ◽  
Refractive Index Sensing ◽  
Dirac Semimetal

In this paper, we designed a three-band narrowband perfect absorber based on Bulk Dirac semimetallic (BDS) metamaterials. The absorber consists of a hollow Dirac semimetallic layer above, a gold layer...

Oxa-Michael polyaddition of vinylsulfonylethanol for aliphatic polyethersulfones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Ziegenbalg ◽  
Ruth Lohwasser ◽  
Giovanni D’Andola ◽  
Torben Adermann ◽  
Johannes Christopher Brendel
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
High Refractive Index ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Interesting Class ◽  
The Common ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

Polyethersulfones are an interesting class of polymers for industrial applications due to their unusual properties such as a high refractive index, flame-retardant properties, high temperature and chemical resistance. The common...

scholarly journals Broadband Unidirectional Forward Scattering with High Refractive Index Nanostructures: Application in Solar Cells

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4421
Author(s):  
Ángela Barreda ◽  
Pablo Albella ◽  
Fernando Moreno ◽  
Francisco González
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Forward Direction ◽  
High Refractive Index ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Antireflection Coating ◽  
Electromagnetic Response ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Graded Index ◽  
Dielectric Substrates

High refractive index dielectric (HRID) nanoparticles are a clear alternative to metals in nanophotonic applications due to their low losses and directional scattering properties. It has been demonstrated that HRID dimers are more efficient scattering units than single nanoparticles in redirecting the incident radiation towards the forward direction. This effect was recently reported and is known as the “near zero-backward” scattering condition, attained when nanoparticles forming dimers strongly interact with each other. Here, we analyzed the electromagnetic response of HRID isolated nanoparticles and aggregates when deposited on monolayer and graded-index multilayer dielectric substrates. In particular, we studied the fraction of radiation that is scattered towards a substrate with known optical properties when the nanoparticles are located on its surface. We demonstrated that HRID dimers can increase the radiation emitted towards the substrate compared to that of isolated nanoparticles. However, this effect was only present for low values of the substrate refractive index. With the aim of observing the same effect for silicon substrates, we show that it is necessary to use a multilayer antireflection coating. We conclude that dimers of HRID nanoparticles on a graded-index multilayer substrate can increase the radiation scattered into a silicon photovoltaic wafer. The results in this work can be applied to the design of novel solar cells.

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