Rewetting strategies to reduce nitrous oxide emissions from European peatlands

Abstract Nitrous oxide (N2O) is approximately 265 times more potent than carbon dioxide (CO2) in atmospheric warming. Degraded peatlands are important sources of N2O. The more a peat soil is degraded, the higher the N2O-N emissions from peat. In this study, soil bulk density was used as a proxy for peat degradation to predict N2O-N emissions. Here we report that the annual N2O-N emissions from European managed peatlands (EU-28) sum up to approximately 145 Gg N year−1. From the viewpoint of greenhouse gas emissions, highly degraded agriculturally used peatlands should be rewetted first to optimally reduce cumulative N2O-N emissions. Compared to a business-as-usual scenario (no peatland rewetting), rewetting of all drained European peatlands until 2050 using the suggested strategy reduces the cumulative N2O-N emissions by 70%. In conclusion, the status of peat degradation should be made a pivotal criterion in prioritising peatlands for restoration.

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Pineapple Residue Ash Reduces Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Pineapple Cultivation on Tropical Peat Soils at Saratok, Malaysia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13031014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1014

Author(s):

Liza Nuriati Lim Kim Choo ◽

Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽

Nik Muhamad Nik Majid ◽

Zakry Fitri Abd Aziz

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Peat Soils ◽

Closed Chamber ◽

Npk Fertilizers ◽

Npk Fertilizer ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

Burning pineapple residues on peat soils before pineapple replanting raises concerns on hazards of peat fires. A study was conducted to determine whether ash produced from pineapple residues could be used to minimize carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in cultivated tropical peatlands. The effects of pineapple residue ash fertilization on CO2 and N2O emissions from a peat soil grown with pineapple were determined using closed chamber method with the following treatments: (i) 25, 50, 70, and 100% of the suggested rate of pineapple residue ash + NPK fertilizer, (ii) NPK fertilizer, and (iii) peat soil only. Soils treated with pineapple residue ash (25%) decreased CO2 and N2O emissions relative to soils without ash due to adsorption of organic compounds, ammonium, and nitrate ions onto the charged surface of ash through hydrogen bonding. The ability of the ash to maintain higher soil pH during pineapple growth primarily contributed to low CO2 and N2O emissions. Co-application of pineapple residue ash and compound NPK fertilizer also improves soil ammonium and nitrate availability, and fruit quality of pineapples. Compound NPK fertilizers can be amended with pineapple residue ash to minimize CO2 and N2O emissions without reducing peat soil and pineapple productivity.

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Assessing nitrous oxide emissions from European peatlands at variable degradation status and land use to improve national GHG inventories

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-18328 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bernd Lennartz ◽

Haojie Liu ◽

Nicole Wrage Mönnig

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Ozone Depletion ◽

Stratospheric Ozone ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

National Scale ◽

Main Driver ◽

Ipcc Default

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide in atmospheric warming and it is the main driver of stratospheric ozone depletion. The N2O emissions from peatlands are often estimated by applying published IPCC default emission factors, neglecting the stages of peat degradation. Here, we introduce soil bulk density (BD) as a proxy for peat degradation to estimate N2O emissions.&#160;A&#160;synthesis of soil physical and geochemical&#160;data from global boreal and temperate peatlands revealed a strong relationship between BD and annual N2O emissions (R2=0.56, p<0.001), and the BD&#160;was&#160;superior to other parameters (C/N, pH) in estimating annual N2O emissions. The results indicate that the more a peat soil is degraded, and the&#160;larger&#160;the values for BD are the&#160;larger&#160;the risk of&#160;N2O emission&#160;in peaty landscapes. Even after rewetting, highly degraded soils may exhibit&#160;large&#160;N2O release rates.&#160;A&#160;BD distribution map of European peatlands was generated and the estimated annual N2O-N emissions from European peatlands sum up to approximately 46.9 Gg. In conclusion, this research shows that explicitly accounting for the stage of peat degradation as expressed in measured BD values gives reliable N2O emission estimates from peatlands on a national scale.

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Tidal rewetting in salt marshes triggers pulses of nitrous oxide emissions but slows carbon dioxide emission

Soil Biology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 156 ◽

pp. 108197

Author(s):

Hollie E. Emery ◽

John H. Angell ◽

Akaash Tawade ◽

Robinson W. Fulweiler

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Salt Marshes ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions

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Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Pineapple Cultivation on a Tropical Peat Soil

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13094928 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 4928

Author(s):

Alicia Vanessa Jeffary ◽

Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽

Roland Kueh Jui Heng ◽

Liza Nuriati Lim Kim Choo ◽

Latifah Omar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Farming Systems ◽

N2o Emission ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

Natural State ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Wet Season ◽

Peat Soils

Farming systems on peat soils are novel, considering the complexities of these organic soil. Since peat soils effectively capture greenhouse gases in their natural state, cultivating peat soils with annual or perennial crops such as pineapples necessitates the monitoring of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, especially from cultivated peat lands, due to a lack of data on N2O emissions. An on-farm experiment was carried out to determine the movement of N2O in pineapple production on peat soil. Additionally, the experiment was carried out to determine if the peat soil temperature and the N2O emissions were related. The chamber method was used to capture the N2O fluxes daily (for dry and wet seasons) after which gas chromatography was used to determine N2O followed by expressing the emission of this gas in t ha−1 yr−1. The movement of N2O horizontally (832 t N2O ha−1 yr−1) during the dry period was higher than in the wet period (599 t N2O ha−1 yr−1) because of C and N substrate in the peat soil, in addition to the fertilizer used in fertilizing the pineapple plants. The vertical movement of N2O (44 t N2O ha−1 yr−1) was higher in the dry season relative to N2O emission (38 t N2O ha−1 yr−1) during the wet season because of nitrification and denitrification of N fertilizer. The peat soil temperature did not affect the direction (horizontal and vertical) of the N2O emission, suggesting that these factors are not related. Therefore, it can be concluded that N2O movement in peat soils under pineapple cultivation on peat lands occurs horizontally and vertically, regardless of season, and there is a need to ensure minimum tilling of the cultivated peat soils to prevent them from being an N2O source instead of an N2O sink.

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Greenhouse gas emissions from the water–air interface of a grassland river: a case study of the Xilin River

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81658-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xue Hao ◽

Yu Ruihong ◽

Zhang Zhuangzhuang ◽

Qi Zhen ◽

Lu Xixi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Land Use ◽

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Sand Land ◽

Very High

AbstractGreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rivers and lakes have been shown to significantly contribute to global carbon and nitrogen cycling. In spatiotemporal-variable and human-impacted rivers in the grassland region, simultaneous carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions and their relationships under the different land use types are poorly documented. This research estimated greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, N2O) emissions in the Xilin River of Inner Mongolia of China using direct measurements from 18 field campaigns under seven land use type (such as swamp, sand land, grassland, pond, reservoir, lake, waste water) conducted in 2018. The results showed that CO2 emissions were higher in June and August, mainly affected by pH and DO. Emissions of CH4 and N2O were higher in October, which were influenced by TN and TP. According to global warming potential, CO2 emissions accounted for 63.35% of the three GHG emissions, and CH4 and N2O emissions accounted for 35.98% and 0.66% in the Xilin river, respectively. Under the influence of different degrees of human-impact, the amount of CO2 emissions in the sand land type was very high, however, CH4 emissions and N2O emissions were very high in the artificial pond and the wastewater, respectively. For natural river, the greenhouse gas emissions from the reservoir and sand land were both low. The Xilin river was observed to be a source of carbon dioxide and methane, and the lake was a sink for nitrous oxide.

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