scholarly journals Microbial rRNA sequencing analysis of evaporative cooler indoor environments located in the Great Basin Desert region of the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela R. Lemons ◽  
Mary Beth Hogan ◽  
Ruth A. Gault ◽  
Kathleen Holland ◽  
Edward Sobek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Desert Region ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Evaporative Cooler

Variations in fungal populations in indoor air were observed between homes cooled by air conditionersversusevaporative cooler systems.

scholarly journals Determination of indoor air quality in collective living spaces utilizing Fuzzy logic analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-300
Author(s):  
Ahmet Cosgun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Negative Effects

Individuals have to work in collective living spaces which might be indoor or outdoor areas. In indoor works, people spend approximately 90% of their time in a closed space. There are many parameters affecting indoor air quality. Among these, for indoor and outdoor, important parameters can be listed as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), particles, nitrogen oxides (NOx), various microorganisms, harmful allergens, and powders. Some health problems might emerge in people who stay in indoor environments for a long time. For instance, newborns and infants are more likely to stay indoors. It is the primary reason for occurring many acute and chronic diseases at an early age, as babies and children are more sensitive to environmental pollutants. Recently published studies, which report that appendicitis failures might be fatal and air pollution can increase the rate of these failures, are remarkable. On the other hand, there are many negative effects of polluted indoor air on human health such as attention deficit and excessive daytime sleepiness. Moreover, the negative effects of this kind of indoor air quality on human learning and perception can not be neglected. The researchers focusing on indoor air quality are conducting studies showing that air pollution has an effect on physical activity and neurological interaction in humans. Even though air pollutants in outdoor air content were evaluated with fuzzy logic method in many studies, there are quite few studies using the fuzzy approach for indoor air quality. In this study, through the standard formula developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), calculations were made using fuzzy logic in MATLAB utilizing air quality index. In the study, indoor air quality measurement parameters were evaluated with the “Mamdani” method used in fuzzy logic. In the study, the model suitable for the logic structure created with the fuzzy tool in MATLAB was analyzed with the help of Mamdani method, and the suitability of evaluating the indoor air quality with artificial intelligence was investigated. A set of suggestions has been made evaluating and criticizing the results

Fungal Metagenomic Analysis of Indoor Evaporative Cooler Environments in the Great Basin Desert Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. AB181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela R. Lemons ◽  
Mary Beth Hogan ◽  
Ruth A. Gault ◽  
Kathleen J. Holland ◽  
Edward Sobek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Great Basin Desert ◽  
Desert Region ◽  
Evaporative Cooler

scholarly journals Metagenomic 16S rRNA Sequencing Analysis of Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Microbiota from the Puget Sound Region in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Li ◽  
Leyi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
The United States ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Generation Sequencing

ABSTRACT This is the first study analyzing Pacific oyster microbiota in the Puget Sound estuarine system using a next-generation sequencing method. Taxonomic analysis indicated that Tenericutes, Chlamydiae, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes were the most abundant phyla. Small numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to the Vibrio genus were detected in all the oyster microbiome samples.

scholarly journals Lower Recovery of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Outdoor Hawai’i Environmental Water Biofilms Compared to Indoor Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Ravleen Virdi ◽  
Melissa E. Lowe ◽  
Grant J. Norton ◽  
Stephanie N. Dawrs ◽  
Nabeeh A. Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Rpob Gene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Respiratory Specimens ◽  
Rpob Sequence

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental organisms that can cause opportunistic pulmonary disease with species diversity showing significant regional variation. In the United States, Hawai’i shows the highest rate of NTM pulmonary disease. The need for improved understanding of NTM reservoirs led us to identify NTM from patient respiratory specimens and compare NTM diversity between outdoor and indoor locations in Hawai’i. A total of 545 water biofilm samples were collected from 357 unique locations across Kaua’i (n = 51), O’ahu (n = 202), Maui (n = 159), and Hawai’i Island (n = 133) and divided into outdoor (n = 179) or indoor (n = 366) categories. rpoB sequence analysis was used to determine NTM species and predictive modeling applied to develop NTM risk maps based on geographic characteristics between environments. M. chimaera was frequently identified from respiratory and environmental samples followed by M. chelonae and M. abscessus; yet significantly less NTM were consistently recovered from outdoor compared to indoor biofilms, as exemplified by showerhead biofilm samples. While the frequency of M. chimaera recovery was comparable between outdoor and indoor showerhead biofilms, phylogenetic analyses demonstrate similar rpoB gene sequences between all showerhead and respiratory M. chimaera isolates, supporting outdoor and indoor environments as possible sources for pulmonary M. chimaera infections.

Statistical Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality Changes after Installation of the PSD System in Seoul’s Metro

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Jeong Kim ◽  
Yong Su Kim ◽  
Abtin Ataei ◽  
Jeong Tai Kim ◽  
Jung Jin Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Multivariate System ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Subway Stations ◽  
Tele Monitoring

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the concentration of air pollutants in the indoor environments, which could be caused by seasonal changes or changes in operating conditions of subway metro stations. In fact, there are many different types of pollution that can cause contamination in subway stations, and changes in operating conditions can also lead to changes in the indoor air quality (IAQ). Therefore, in order to establish a proper management of IAQ, it would be necessary to evaluate the changes in IAQ according to the changes in conditions. To do this, the present study used a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results of testing the hypothesis proved that two groups, divided by the condition of a platform screen door (PSD) system, could differ statistically. Furthermore, those multidimensional differences were caused by installation of a PSD system. When applied to a real-time tele-monitoring system, MANOVA could clearly identify the daily and weekly variations of IAQ in the subway station, as well as the PSD system’s condition. Accordingly, this method could be useful for developing a multivariate system to statistically evaluate the experimental IAQ results in order to optimise operating conditions in a subway metro station to improve IAQ, and to minimise adverse health effects on passengers by exposure to harmful substances.

scholarly journals Incidence and Distribution of Puccinia coronata and P. graminis on Turfgrass in the Midwestern United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 955-963
Author(s):  
Brijesh B. Karakkat ◽  
Vonte L. Jackson ◽  
Paul L. Koch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Midwestern United States ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Relationship Of

Crown rust (caused by Puccinia coronata) and stem rust (caused by P. graminis) are two common and destructive diseases of turfgrass in the United States. Crown rust has been associated with perennial ryegrass and stem rust with Kentucky bluegrass when identified based solely on fungal morphology. However, recent studies using molecular identification methods have indicated the host–pathogen relationship of rusts on turf to be more complex. Our primary objective was to quickly and accurately identify P. coronata and P. graminis in symptomatic turfgrass leaves over 3 years on turfgrass samples from across the Midwestern United States. Between 2013 and 2015, 413 samples of symptomatic cool-season turfgrass from Wisconsin and surrounding states were screened using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Of these samples, 396 were Kentucky bluegrass and 17% of them contained P. coronata, 69% contained P. graminis, and 13% contained both P. coronata and P. graminis. In addition, both year and location effects were observed on the distribution of Puccinia spp. collected annually from two locations in southern Wisconsin. This research supports previous conclusions that have identified variability among P. graminis and P. coronata host relationships on turfgrass, and further demonstrates that rust fungal populations on Kentucky bluegrass may not be consistent between locations in the same year or over multiple years at the same location. The increasing evidence of variation in the turfgrass rust populations will likely affect future rust management and turfgrass breeding efforts.

scholarly journals Fast and slow-growing breeds: characterisation of broiler caecal microbiota development throughout the growing period

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Montoro Dasí ◽  
Arantxa Villagra ◽  
Maria de Toro ◽  
María Teresa Pérez-Gracia ◽  
Santiago Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Caecal Microbiota

Abstract Background: The caecal microbiota and its modulation play an important role in animal health, productivity and disease control in poultry production. In this sense, it could be considered as a biomarker of poultry health. Furthermore, due to the emergence of resistant bacteria and the increasing social pressure to establish animal-friendly management on farms, producers are motivated to select more extensive and antibiotic-free breeds. It is therefore necessary to gain better knowledge on the development of major bacteria in healthy broilers, both in commercial fast-growing and in new slow-growing breeds. Hence, the aim of this study was to characterise caecal microbiota in two genetic poultry breeds throughout the growing period using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Results: A total of 50 caecal pools (25 per breed) were sequenced by the 16S rRNA method. The complexity of caecal microbiota composition increased significantly as animals grew. Furthermore, there were statistical differences between breeds at the end of the growing period. The dominant phyla throughout the production cycle were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. The predominantly identified genera were Ruminococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroides spp.Conclusion: The results showed that the main caecal bacteria for both breeds were similar. Thus, these phyla or genera should be considered as biomarkers of poultry health in the evaluation of different treatments applied to animals.

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