Challenges in characterizing the environmental fate and effects of carbon nanotubes and inorganic nanomaterials in aquatic systems

AbstractSingle-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were functionalized with 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid via “direct” Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction in PPA/P2O5 to afford ortho-diamino-functionalized SWCNT (DIF-SWCNT) and MWCNT (DIF-MWCNT). The resultant DIF-SWCNT and DIF-MWCNT showed improved solubility and dispersibility. To improve interfacial adhesion between CNT and polymer matrix, the grafting of ABPBI onto the surface of DIF-SWCNT (10 wt%) or DIF-MWCNT (10 wt%) was conducted by simple in-situ polymerization of AB monomer, 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid dihydrochloride, in PPA. The resultant ABPBI-g-MWCNT and ABPBI-g-SWCNT showed improved the mechanical and electrical properties.

Download Full-text

Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes in Copper-Matrix Nanocomposites

Materials, Nondestructive Evaluation, and Pressure Vessels and Piping ◽

10.1115/imece2006-14224 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Seunghyun Baik ◽

Byeongsoo Lim ◽

Bumjoon Kim ◽

Untae Sim ◽

Seyoung Oh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Pure Copper ◽

Copper Matrix ◽

Mixing Process ◽

Mechanical Mixing ◽

Matrix Nanocomposites ◽

Coated Carbon

Carbon nanotubes have received considerable attention because of their excellent mechanical properties. In this study, carbon nanotube - copper composites have been sintered by a mechanical mixing process. The interfacial bonding between nanotubes and the copper matrix was improved by coating nanotubes with nickel. Sintered pure copper samples were used as control materials. The displacement rate of nanotube-copper composites was found to increase at 200°C whereas that of nickel-coated nanotue-copper composites significantly decreased. The incorporation of carbon nanotubes and nickel-coated carbon nanotubes in the copper matrix decreased friction coefficients and increased the time up to the onset of scuffing compared with those of pure copper specimens.

Download Full-text

X Preparation and Characterization of Carbon-Based Composite Nanofibers for Supercapacitor

Autex Research Journal ◽

10.1515/aut-2016-0004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 129-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dawei Gao ◽

Lili Wang ◽

Chunxia Wang ◽

Yuping Chang ◽

Pibo Ma

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Phase Composition ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Surface Area ◽

Composite Nanofibers ◽

Carbon Composite ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/Co(OAc)2/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite nanofibers were fabricated via electrospinning with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent, and by carbonization and activation of the above precursor nanofibers, porous carbon composite nanofibers were successfully obtained. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, ASAP 2020, and Solartron 1470 were used to characterize the surface morphology, the phase composition, specific surface area, and electrochemical property of the nanofibers, respectively. The result showed that some of the fibers were broken after sintering, and the surface area and pore volume of the porous C/Cu/CNTs were 771 m2/g and 0.347 cm3/g, respectively. The specific capacitance of the composite nanofibers reached up to 210 F/g at the current density of 1.0 A/g. Its energy density and power density were 3.1 Wh/Kg and 2,337 W/Kg, respectively, at the current of 0.5 and 5 mA.

Download Full-text

Progress on nanoparticle-based carbon nanotube complex: fabrication and potential application

Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry ◽

10.1515/revic-2016-0004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Amin Termeh Yousefi ◽

Minoru Fukumori ◽

Pandey Reetu Raj ◽

Polin Liu ◽

Lingxiang Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Surface Area ◽

Nanostructured Materials ◽

Potential Application ◽

Active Surface ◽

Semiconductor Nanoparticles ◽

Active Surface Area ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Magnetic Applications

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as one of the most intensively explored nanostructured materials and have been widely used as a platform material for metal and semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) due to their large and chemically active surface area. Several approaches have been described in the literature to immobilize NPs on the surface of CNTs. This report reviews the recent developments in this area by exploring the various techniques where nanotubes can be functionalized with NPs to improve the optical, mechanical, thermal, medical, electrical, and magnetic applications of CNTs.

Download Full-text

Characterization of dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polymer matrices

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2012.157 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1371 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Peña-Parás ◽

Hubert Phillips ◽

Enrique V. Barrera

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Vinyl Ester ◽

Fixed Frequency ◽

Ultrasonic Probe ◽

Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTDispersions of carbon nanotube polymer composites were characterized by Raman mapping.Single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs), double-walled nanotubes (DWNTs), multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs), and XD-grade carbon nanotubes (XD-CNTs) were dispersed in a vinyl ester (VE) resin using an ultrasonic probe at a fixed frequency. SWNTs were functionalized with succinic acid peroxide (SAP) to enhance dispersion. Increasing ultrasonication energy was found to improve the distribution of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and decrease the size of ropes, whereas excessive amounts of energy were found to result in damage. The quality of dispersion was verified through optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Download Full-text

Dielectrophoresis-Based Assembly and High-Frequency Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Bundles

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-0990-b04-01 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 990 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Woodson ◽

Alexander Tselev ◽

Jie Liu

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Electrical Properties ◽

Electronic Properties ◽

Integrated Circuit ◽

High Frequency ◽

Simple Route ◽

Full Characterization ◽

Nanotube Bundles

ABSTRACTAs the size of integrated circuit elements decreases, the properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) become increasingly attractive for interconnect applications. To be used by industry, full characterization of the electronic properties of CNT aggregates is essential.Dielectrophoresis from CNTs suspended in liquid has been demonstrated as a simple route to bundles of aligned parallel nanotubes. We describe a method by which circuits including such bundles may be fabricated, and provide some high-frequency measurements of their electrical properties. The contributions of the contacts can be separated from those of the bundle itself.

Download Full-text

Preparation and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol/carbon nanotube (PVA/CNT) conductive nanofibers

Journal of Polymer Engineering ◽

10.1515/polyeng-2012-0068 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (6-7) ◽

pp. 407-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ozcan Koysuren

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

Specific Capacitance ◽

Electrode Surface ◽

Electrospinning Process ◽

Morphology Analysis ◽

Highly Porous

Abstract The aim of this study was to prepare polyvinyl alcohol/carbon nanotube (PVA/CNT) conductive nanofibers by the electrospinning process. Prior to composite preparation, carbon nanotubes are dispersed homogeneously in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and mixed with a PVA solution. A series of PVA/CNT films and nanofibers with various CNT compositions are prepared. Electrical conductivity and specific capacitance of spin-coated PVA/CNT films and electrospun PVA/CNT fibers increase with an increase in CNT content. Electrospun PVA/CNT nanofibers with a larger electrode surface result in a higher specific capacitance when compared with spin-coated PVA/CNT films. According to the morphology analysis, homogeneous and highly porous PVA/CNT mats containing 50–300 nm diameter nanofibers are obtained by the electrospinning process.

Download Full-text

Carbon Nanotube (CNTs): Structure, Synthesis, Purification, Functionalisation, Pharmacology, Toxicology, Biodegradation and Application as Nanomedicine and Biosensor

10.53049/tjopam.2021.v001i02.008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 001 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Jayendrakumar Patel ◽

Shalin Parikh ◽

Shwetaben Patel ◽

Ronak Patel ◽

Payalben Patel

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Surface Area ◽

Carbon Nanostructures ◽

The Body ◽

Technological Advancement ◽

Aggregation State ◽

Wide Range ◽

Biomedical Fields

It is well acknowledged that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a potential new class of nanomaterials for technological advancement. The recent discovery of diverse kinds of carbon nanostructures has sparked interest in the potential applications of these materials in a variety of disciplines. Numerous distinct carbon nanotube (CNT) production methods have been developed, and their characterisation, separation, and manipulation of individual CNTs are now possible. Structure, surface area, surface charge, size distribution, surface chemistry, aggregation state, and purity of the samples all have a significant impact on the reactivity of carbon nanotubes, as does the purity of the samples. Currently, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are being successfully used in the medicinal, pharmaceutical, and biomedical fields because of their large surface area, which makes them capable of adsorbing or conjugating with a wide range of therapeutic and diagnostic substances (drugs, genes, vaccines, antibodies, biosensors, etc.). They were the first to demonstrate that they are a great vehicle for drug delivery straight into cells without the need for metabolic processing by the body. This paper discusses the different types, structures, and properties of CNTs, as well as CNT synthesis and purification methods, how to functionalize CNTs, and their application in medicinal, pharmaceutical, and biomedical fields, toxicological properties and their assessment, as well as in-vivo pharmacology and biodegradation pathways.

Download Full-text

Characterization of air plasma-activated carbon nanotube electrodes for the removal of lead ion

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2014.157 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (11) ◽

pp. 2272-2278 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lingfang Yang ◽

Zhou Shi ◽

Wenhao Yang

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Lead Ion ◽

Air Plasma ◽

Surface Functional Groups ◽

Plasma Activation ◽

Scanning Electron

Carbon nanotube electrodes were prepared by pressing a mixture of carbon nanotubes and polytetrafluoroethylene (which acted as a binder) on a stainless steel net collector, and the electrodes were subsequently activated in our self-designed plasma apparatus, using air plasma. The morphology and surface functional groups of the electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The results showed that the electrodes activated by air plasma possessed a rougher surface and more oxygen-containing groups than the raw electrodes, properties that were beneficial for their electrosorption performance. After 5 min of air plasma activation, the lead ion electrosorption capacity of the activated electrodes (measured at 450 mV) increased to 3.40 mg/g, which was 73% higher than the capacity of the non-activated, raw electrode, and 5.76 times the adsorption capacity of the raw electrode at 0 mV. The results of this study indicate that air plasma activation can be used to effectively enhance the electrosorption capacity of carbon nanotube electrodes.

Download Full-text