Ultra-high light confinement and ultra-long propagation distance design for integratable optical chips based on plasmonic technology

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4601-4613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zheng ◽  
Yufeng Yuan ◽  
Junjie He ◽  
Guoqiang Gu ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Propagation Distance ◽  
High Light ◽  
Functional Communication ◽  
Light Confinement ◽  
Chip Processing ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
On Chip

The ever-increasing demand for faster speed, broader bandwidth, and lower energy consumption of on-chip processing has motivated the use of light instead of electrons in functional communication components.

scholarly journals Graphene Nanoribbon Gap Waveguides for Dispersionless and Low-Loss Propagation with Deep-Subwavelength Confinement

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1302
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Wu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Tingyin Ning ◽  
Hong Su ◽  
Irene Ling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Optical Switch ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Propagation Distance ◽  
Graphene Nanoribbon ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
High Loss ◽  
On Chip

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have been attracting considerable attention owing to their unique capabilities of manipulating light. However, the intractable dispersion and high loss are two major obstacles for attaining high-performance plasmonic devices. Here, a graphene nanoribbon gap waveguide (GNRGW) is proposed for guiding dispersionless gap SPPs (GSPPs) with deep-subwavelength confinement and low loss. An analytical model is developed to analyze the GSPPs, in which a reflection phase shift is employed to successfully deal with the influence caused by the boundaries of the graphene nanoribbon (GNR). It is demonstrated that a pulse with a 4 μm bandwidth and a 10 nm mode width can propagate in the linear passive system without waveform distortion, which is very robust against the shape change of the GNR. The decrease in the pulse amplitude is only 10% for a propagation distance of 1 μm. Furthermore, an array consisting of several GNRGWs is employed as a multichannel optical switch. When the separation is larger than 40 nm, each channel can be controlled independently by tuning the chemical potential of the corresponding GNR. The proposed GNRGW may raise great interest in studying dispersionless and low-loss nanophotonic devices, with potential applications in the distortionless transmission of nanoscale signals, electro-optic nanocircuits, and high-density on-chip communications.

A short-term decline in anthropogenic emission of CO2 in India due to COVID-19 confinement

2020 ◽  
pp. 030913332096674
Author(s):  
Bikash Ranjan Parida ◽  
Somnath Bar ◽  
Nilendu Singh ◽  
Bakimchandra Oinam ◽  
Arvind Chandra Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation

To curb the spread of novel coronavirus (COVID-19), confinement measures were undertaken, which altered the pattern of energy consumption and India’s anthropogenic CO2 emissions during the effective lockdowns periods (January to June 2020). Such changes are being analyzed using data of energy generated from coal and renewable sources and fossil-based daily CO2 emissions. Results revealed that coal-fired (fossil-based) energy generation fell by –13% in March, –29% in April, and –20% in May, and –16.6% in mid-June 2020 as compared with the same period in 2018–2019. Conversely, the renewable energy generation increased by 19% in March, 12% in April, 17% in May, and 7% in June 2020. The share of fossil-based energy fell by –6.55% in 2020 compared with mean levels, which was further offset by increases of renewable energy. India’s daily fossil-based CO2 emissions fell by –11.6% (–5 to –25.7%) by mid-June 2020 compared with mean levels of 2017–2019 with total change in fossil-based CO2 emission by –139 (–62 to –230) MtCO2, with the largest reduction in the industry (–41%), transport (–28.5%), and power (–21%) followed by the public (–5.4%), and aviation (–4%) sectors. If some levels of lockdown persist until December 2020, both energy consumption and CO2 emissions patterns would be below the 2019 level. The nationwide lockdown has led to a reduction in anthropogenic CO2 emissions and, subsequently, improved air quality and global environment and has also helped in reducing atmospheric CO2 concentrations at the local level but not on the global level. With suitable government policies, switching to a cleaner mode of energy generation other than fossil fuels could be a viable option to minimize CO2 emissions under increasing demand for energy.

scholarly journals Effects of the Geometric Parameters of Mixer on the Mixing Process of Foam Concrete Mixture and Its Energy Efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8055
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Stel’makh ◽  
Evgenii M. Shcherban’ ◽  
Anatolii I. Shuiskii ◽  
Al’bert Yu. Prokopov ◽  
Sergey M. Madatyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Conical Part ◽  
Foam Concrete ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
Optimal Values

The paper studies the influence of the geometric parameters of the mixer on the mixing process, the construction of the mixing body, its location in the mixer bulk, and the mixer shape and geometry. The technique of calculating the power spent on mixing the foam concrete mixture is described. The effects of the ratio of the mixture height to the mixer diameter, the number and width of reflective partitions, and the shape of the conical part of the mixer on the homogeneity of the foam concrete mixture and the power consumption are considered. The optimal ratios of the foam concrete mixture height to the mixer diameter have been determined. Moreover, the optimal range of the ratios of the partition width to the mixer diameter has been established, in order to obtain a homogeneous foam concrete mixture throughout the volume with lower energy consumption. The optimal values of the angle of the mixer conical part for the preparation of a foam concrete mixture have been determined.

scholarly journals Compiler-directed scratchpad memory data transfer optimization for multithreaded applications on a heterogeneous many-core architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohan Tao ◽  
Jianmin Pang ◽  
Jinlong Xu ◽  
Yu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Scientific Computing ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Scratchpad Memory ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Many Core

AbstractThe heterogeneous many-core architecture plays an important role in the fields of high-performance computing and scientific computing. It uses accelerator cores with on-chip memories to improve performance and reduce energy consumption. Scratchpad memory (SPM) is a kind of fast on-chip memory with lower energy consumption compared with a hardware cache. However, data transfer between SPM and off-chip memory can be managed only by a programmer or compiler. In this paper, we propose a compiler-directed multithreaded SPM data transfer model (MSDTM) to optimize the process of data transfer in a heterogeneous many-core architecture. We use compile-time analysis to classify data accesses, check dependences and determine the allocation of data transfer operations. We further present the data transfer performance model to derive the optimal granularity of data transfer and select the most profitable data transfer strategy. We implement the proposed MSDTM on the GCC complier and evaluate it on Sunway TaihuLight with selected test cases from benchmarks and scientific computing applications. The experimental result shows that the proposed MSDTM improves the application execution time by 5.49$$\times$$ × and achieves an energy saving of 5.16$$\times$$ × on average.

Mobile Networks-on-Chip Mapping Algorithms for Optimization of Latency and Energy Consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Vivek Kumar Sehgal ◽  
Gaurav Dhiman ◽  
S. Vimal ◽  
Ashutosh Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Mapping Algorithms ◽  
Networks On Chip ◽  
On Chip

One-pot three-step mechanically assisted synthesis and catalytic performance of tripodal metallic complexes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Tedjini ◽  
Raquel Viveiros ◽  
Teresa Casimiro ◽  
Vasco D.B. Bonifácio
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Reaction Conversion

Mechanosynthesis is an emergent green technology that proceeds under solventless or vestigial solvent conditions. Major advantages relay in waste reduction and lower energy consumption, without compromising or enhancing reaction conversion....

Research on Network-on-Chip Dynamic and Adaptive Algorithm and Choice Strategy

2014 ◽  
Vol 539 ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
Dong Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Adaptive Algorithm ◽  
Network On Chip ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Choice Strategy ◽  
Bus Structure ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Mapping Scheme ◽  
Single Objective

With further increase of the number of on-chip device, the bus structure has not met the requirements. In order to make better communication between each part, the chip designers need to explore a new structure to solve the interconnection of on-chip device. The paper proposes a network-on-chip dynamic and adaptive algorithm which selects NoC platform with 2-dimension mesh as the carrier, incorporates communication energy consumption and delay into unified cost function and uses ant colony optimization to realize NOC map facing energy consumption and delay. The experiment indicates that compared with random map, single objective optimization can separately saves (30%~47 %) and ( 20%~39%) in communication energy consumption and execution time compared with random map, and joint objective optimization can further excavate the potential of time dimension in mapping scheme dominated by the energy.

A Novel Hybrid Cache Coherence with Global Snooping for Many-core Architectures

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Sri Harsha Gade ◽  
Sujay Deb
Keyword(s):  
Lower Energy ◽  
Cache Coherence ◽  
Network On Chip ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Wireless Links ◽  
Coherence Protocols ◽  
High Area ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Many Core ◽  
Clustered Network

Cache coherence ensures correctness of cached data in multi-core processors. Traditional implementations of existing protocols make them unscalable for many core architectures. While snoopy coherence requires unscalable ordered networks, directory coherence is weighed down by high area and energy overheads. In this work, we propose Wireless-enabled Share-aware Hybrid (WiSH) to provide scalable coherence in many core processors. WiSH implements a novel Snoopy over Directory protocol using on-chip wireless links and hierarchical, clustered Network-on-Chip to achieve low-overhead and highly efficient coherence. A local directory protocol maintains coherence within a cluster of cores, while coherence among such clusters is achieved through global snoopy protocol. The ordered network for global snooping is provided through low-latency and low-energy broadcast wireless links. The overheads are further reduced through share-aware cache segmentation to eliminate coherence for private blocks. Evaluations show that WiSH reduces traffic by and runtime by , while requiring smaller storage and lower energy as compared to existing hierarchical and hybrid coherence protocols. Owing to its modularity, WiSH provides highly efficient and scalable coherence for many core processors.

Design Criteria for Hardturning Machines

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouri Yasui ◽  
Kazutoshi Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Setup Costs ◽  
Machine Technology ◽  
Rolling Contacts ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Increasing Demand

Abstract The benefits of hardturning include reduced setup costs; shorter tool change times; improved squareness by virtue of the ability to machine cylinder I.D., O.D. and face in one chucking; low energy consumption and elimination of the need to handle grinding sludge and waste fluid. Hardturning has typically been used as a replacement for grinding, in the processing of fitting surfaces or clad surfaces, and other such relatively straightforward applications not requiring sliding. In recent years, however, due to advances in servo and other machine technology, and tool material improvements (CBN, ceramics), hardturning has entered the realm of finishing curved and complex shaped surfaces that have sliding and rolling contacts. This paper will present the machine characteristics developed to meet the ever increasing demand for hardturning process accuracy, and introduce each of the factors which ultimately affected the design of machine components, providing examples where appropriate.

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