scholarly journals Sensitization of Salmonella enterica with 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced endogenous porphyrins: a spectroscopic study

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2730-2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina Polmickaitė-Smirnova ◽  
Saulius Bagdonas ◽  
Žilvinas Anusevičius
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Spectroscopy Data ◽  
Gram Negative

The fluorescence spectroscopy data reflecting time-dependent changes in the type and localization of endogenous porphyrins reveal the sensitization potential of a precursor 5-ALA for Gram-negative foodborne pathogen Salmonella enterica.

scholarly journals Multidrug Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Detection of mcr-1 Gene in Salmonella Species Isolated from Chicken

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Md Bashir Uddin ◽  
S.M. Bayejed Hossain ◽  
Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Mohammad Nurul Alam ◽  
Mita Debnath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Gram Negative

Colistin (polymyxin E) is widely used in animal and human medicine and is increasingly used as one of the last-resort antibiotics against Gram-negative bacilli. Due to the increased use of colistin in treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, resistance to this antibiotic ought to be monitored. The study was undertaken to elucidate the molecular mechanisms, genetic relationships and phenotype correlations of colistin-resistant isolates. Here, we report the detection of the mcr-1 gene in chicken-associated Salmonella isolates in Bangladesh and its in-silico functional analysis. Out of 100 samples, 82 Salmonella spp. were isolated from chicken specimens (liver, intestine). Phenotypic disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay using different antimicrobial agents were performed. Salmonella isolates were characterized using PCR methods targeting genus-specific invA and mcr-1 genes with validation for the functional analysis. The majority of the tested Salmonella isolates were found resistant to colistin (92.68%), ciprofloxacin (73.17%), tigecycline (62.20%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (60.98%). When screened using PCR, five out of ten Salmonella isolates were found to carry the mcr-1 gene. One isolate was confirmed for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis, and other four isolates were confirmed for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed a divergent evolutionary relationship between the catalytic domain of Neisseria meningitidis lipooligosaccharide phosphoethanolamine transferase A (LptA) and MCR proteins, rendering them resistant to colistin. Three-dimensional homology structural analysis of MCR-1 proteins and molecular docking interactions suggested that MCR-1 and LptA share a similar substrate binding cavity, which could be validated for the functional analysis. The comprehensive molecular and in-silico analyses of the colistin resistance mcr-1 gene of Salmonella spp. of chicken origin in the present study highlight the importance of continued monitoring and surveillance for antimicrobial resistance among pathogens in food chain animals.

scholarly journals Survival characteristics of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in chicken egg albumen

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 967-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KANG ◽  
C. LOUI ◽  
R. I. CLAVIJO ◽  
L. W. RILEY ◽  
S. LU
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chicken Egg ◽  
Egg Albumen ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is a major foodborne pathogen primarily causing human infection through contaminated chicken eggs. To understand how SE survives in chicken egg albumen, we systematically and quantitatively analysed the survival properties of SE in egg albumen and identified factors affecting its survival. Survival assays of SE in egg indicate that egg albumen restricted the growth of SE. A major factor that controlled SE's growth in egg albumen was iron restriction, since egg albumen supplemented with iron allowed SE to grow, and iron acquisition mutants of SE showed decreased survival in egg albumen. In addition, low pH of albumen, high concentrations of bacteria and low incubation temperatures of bacteria with albumen facilitates the survival of SE. Our results suggest that egg albumen uses multiple mechanisms to control SE including iron limitation, surface interaction and possible enzymatic activities.

Identification of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Using Specific PCR Primers Obtained by Comparative Genomics in Salmonella Serovars

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1653-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. KIM ◽  
S. H. PARK ◽  
T. H. LEE ◽  
B. H. NAHM ◽  
Y. H. CHUNG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Genomic Sequences ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Serovars

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a major foodborne pathogen throughout the world. Until now, the specific target genes for the detection and identification of serovar Typhimurium have not been developed. To determine the specific probes for serovar Typhimurium, the genes of serovar Typhimurium LT2 that were expected to be unique were selected with the BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) program within GenBank. The selected genes were compared with 11 genomic sequences of various Salmonella serovars by BLAST. Of these selected genes, 10 were expected to be specific to serovar Typhimurium and were not related to virulence factor genes of Salmonella pathogenicity island or to genes of the O and H antigens of Salmonella. Primers for the 10 selected genes were constructed, and PCRs were evaluated with various genomic DNAs of Salmonella and non-Salmonella strains for the specific identification of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium. Among all the primer sets for the 10 genes, STM4497 showed the highest degree of specificity to serovar Typhimurium. In this study, a specific primer set for Salmonella serovar Typhimurium was developed on the basis of the comparison of genomic sequences between Salmonella serovars and was validated with PCR. This method of comparative genomics to select target genes or sequences can be applied to the specific detection of microorganisms.

scholarly journals Canine Cystitis Caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raylson Pereira De Oliveira ◽  
Débora Mirelly Sobral da Silva ◽  
Maria De Nazaré Santos Ferreira ◽  
Camila Maria Coutinho Moura ◽  
Rômulo Francelino Freitas Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Northeast Region

Background: Urinary tract infection in dogs is usually associated with the presence of bacteria, with a higher prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria, represented mainly by enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Proteus spp., followed by Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. There are scant reports of Salmonella spp. as the causative agent of urinary tract infection in dogs.  Indeed, the literature describes only a few cases, most of which involve the isolation of these bacteria in feces. This paper reports a case of canine cystitis caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in the northeast region of Brazil.Case: A female dog of the Fila Brasileiro breed, about 9 year-old, wormed but unvaccinated, was evaluated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Pernambuco – UFRPE.  The dog showed clinical signs of apathy, cachexia, polyphagia, polyuria and opacity of the crystalline lens. The dog’s owner stated that the animal was fed with commercial dog food. In the clinical exam, the patient presented pale mucosa, cachexia, absence of ectoparasites, and her rectal temperature was 39.5°C. Moreover, cardiorespiratory auscultation of the patient revealed tachycardia (190 bpm) and tachypnea (36 bpm). The owner’s main complaint was the clinical condition of frequent urination (polyuria). A urinalysis and urine culture with antibiogram were requested as complementary exams, after collecting the urine by cystocentesis. The volume obtained in the physical examination of urinalysis was 7 mL of yellow urine with a putrid smell, cloudy appearance and density of 1.024. The chemical examination revealed pH 6.5, protein (+++), bilirubin (+), normal urobilinogen and negative reactions for glycoses, ketone, nitrite and urine occult blood. Bacteriuria and pyuria were detected in a urine sediment test. Urine was cultured on blood agar and Levine agar in a bacteriological incubator at 37°C under aerobiosis, for 24 h. This culture produced an exuberant and pure growth of glossy grey bacterial colonies on blood agar and glossy colonies on Levine agar. The Gram test revealed gram-negative bacilli. The sample was subjected to biochemical tests to identify Gram-negative enterobacteria, whose results provided a presumptive identification of Salmonella species. The microbial species was identified using a VITEK 2 Compact®, and was followed by a serology test for the identification of the serogroup using a polyvalent serum, which enabled the identification of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. The antibiogram showed sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and penicillin, and resistance to amoxicillin and ampicillin.Discussion: Clinical signs of cachexia and polyuria may be related to canine urinary tract infection caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, since these symptoms had already been recorded previously in a case of a bacterial infection by the same serogroup. Isolation of Salmonella spp. in a non-selective medium was determinant in identifying these bacteria. Since these are not commensal bacteria of the canine urinary tract, their isolation in this tract indicates that they are responsible for the infection or disease, although such cases are rare. Another aspect that should be highlighted is the risk of human infection, because of the zoonotic potential of Salmonella spp., which may be transmitted by contact with dog urine. This is the first report of the isolation of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in a case of canine cystitis on the northeast region of Brazil, and underscores the importance of complementary diagnostic exams such as urine culture.

Phototransformations of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid–induced Protoporphyrin IX in vitro: A Spectroscopic Study¶

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulius Bagdonas ◽  
Li-Wei Ma ◽  
Vladimir Iani ◽  
Ricardas Rotomskis ◽  
Petras Juzenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix

scholarly journals Yersinia pestis Is Viable with Endotoxin Composed of Only Lipid A

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (18) ◽  
pp. 6599-6600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Tan ◽  
Creg Darby
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Membrane Component ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACT Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major outer membrane component of gram-negative bacteria. The minimal LPS structure for viability of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is lipid A glycosylated with 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) residues. Here we show that another member of the Enterobacteriaceae, Yersinia pestis, can survive without Kdo in its LPS.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Siphophage Skate

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Rohren ◽  
Yicheng Xie ◽  
Chandler O’Leary ◽  
Rohit Kongari ◽  
Jason Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Foodborne Illnesses ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Typhimurium Strain ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a Gram-negative pathogen and a primary cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide. Here, we present the complete 47,393-bp genome sequence of the siphophage Skate, which was isolated against S. Typhimurium strain LT2.

scholarly journals Salmonella enterica Serovar Hvittingfoss in Bar-Tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica) from Roebuck Bay, Northwestern Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah G. Smith ◽  
David C. Bean ◽  
Jane Hawkey ◽  
Rohan H. Clarke ◽  
Richard Loyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Foodborne Outbreak ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Environmental Reservoir ◽  
Northwestern Australia

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Hvittingfoss is an important foodborne serotype of Salmonella, being detected in many countries where surveillance is conducted. Outbreaks can occur, and there was a recent multistate foodborne outbreak in Australia. S. Hvittingfoss can be found in animal populations, though a definitive animal host has not been established. Six species of birds were sampled at Roebuck Bay, a designated Ramsar site in northwestern Australia, resulting in 326 cloacal swabs for bacterial culture. Among a single flock of 63 bar-tailed godwits (Limosa lapponica menzbieri) caught at Wader Spit, Roebuck Bay, in 2018, 17 (27%) were culture positive for Salmonella. All other birds were negative for Salmonella. The isolates were identified as Salmonella enterica serovar Hvittingfoss. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between isolates collected from godwits and the S. Hvittingfoss strain responsible for a 2016 multistate foodborne outbreak originating from tainted cantaloupes (rock melons) in Australia. While it is not possible to determine how this strain of S. Hvittingfoss was introduced into the bar-tailed godwits, these findings show that wild Australian birds are capable of carrying Salmonella strains of public health importance. IMPORTANCE Salmonella is a zoonotic pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and other disease presentations in both humans and animals. Serovars of S. enterica commonly cause foodborne disease in Australia and globally. In 2016-2017, S. Hvittingfoss was responsible for an outbreak that resulted in 110 clinically confirmed human cases throughout Australia. The origin of the contamination that led to the outbreak was never definitively established. Here, we identify a migratory shorebird, the bar-tailed godwit, as an animal reservoir of S. Hvittingfoss. These birds were sampled in northwestern Australia during their nonbreeding period. The presence of a genetically similar S. Hvittingfoss strain circulating in a wild bird population, 2 years after the 2016-2017 outbreak and ∼1,500 km from the suspected source of the outbreak, demonstrates a potentially unidentified environmental reservoir of S. Hvittingfoss. While the birds cannot be implicated in the outbreak that occurred 2 years prior, this study does demonstrate the potential role for wild birds in the transmission of this important foodborne pathogen.

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