Abstract
Environmental degradation sourced by conventional energy sources is not only a major factor behind climate change but also poses an adverse impact on human health. Undoubtedly, fossil fuels are major drivers of economic growth; however, their detrimental environmental impacts are of global scope, affecting the inhabitants of the whole world. In the literature, there is no comprehensive empirical evidence on the linkage between different energy sources and CO2 emissions in Russia which is among the top five CO2 emitting nations. Thus, this paper aims to quantify the relationships between oil consumption, natural gas consumption, coal consumption, and CO2 emission controlling economic growth in Russia. The findings indicate that CO2 emissions in Russia are cointegrated with oil, gas, coal, and economic growth. The long-run outcomes unfold that Russian economic growth is not directly harmful to environmental quality; however, the consumption of oil, gas, and coal upsurge the level of CO2 emissions. In addition, we conducted Granger causality tests for causal interaction analysis. The findings on the Russian data confirm the existence of both long and short-term causal connections with the country’s economic growth, disaggregated fossil fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions. In conclusion, we directed several policy recommendations to address the challenges and threats posed by energy-related emissions without adversely impacting economic growth in Russia. These policies could also be advantageous to other countries, especially those with close Russian links.
Lignin Valorizations with Ni Catalysts for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Productions
