scholarly journals Photobiomodulation and the brain – has the light dawned?

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Hamblin
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Brain

Evidence is mounting that photobiomodulation therapy (shining near-infrared light) can benefit a wide range of brain disorders. The photons can penetrate into the brain where they stimulate production of energy in brain cells, and trigger numerous signaling pathways. Acute ischaemic stroke was the first indication that progressed to human clinical trials. Acute and chronic stages of traumatic brain injury were then investigated. Currently, psychiatric disorders such as depression, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are under investigation. Although showing great promise, more trials are clearly needed before the therapy will be accepted.

scholarly journals Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1586
Author(s):  
María Roldán ◽  
Panayiotis A. Kyriacou
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Noninvasive Monitoring ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Brain

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. TBI can result when the head suddenly and violently impacts an object or when an object pierces the skull and enters brain tissue. Secondary injuries after traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to impairments on cerebral oxygenation and autoregulation. Considering that secondary brain injuries often take place within the first hours after the trauma, noninvasive monitoring might be helpful in providing early information on the brain’s condition. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an emerging noninvasive monitoring modality based on chromophore absorption of infrared light with the capability of monitoring perfusion of the brain. This review investigates the main applications of NIRS in TBI monitoring and presents a thorough revision of those applications on oxygenation and autoregulation monitoring. Databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane library were utilized in identifying 72 publications spanning between 1977 and 2020 which were directly relevant to this review. The majority of the evidence found used NIRS for diagnosis applications, especially in oxygenation and autoregulation monitoring (59%). It was not surprising that nearly all the patients were male adults with severe trauma who were monitored mostly with continue wave NIRS or spatially resolved spectroscopy NIRS and an invasive monitoring device. In general, a high proportion of the assessed papers have concluded that NIRS could be a potential noninvasive technique for assessing TBI, despite the various methodological and technological limitations of NIRS.

Abstract 273: Noninvasive Mitochondrial Modulation: Neuroprotection in a Translational Model of Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M Wider ◽  
Erin Gruley ◽  
Jennifer Mathieu ◽  
Emma Murphy ◽  
Rachel Mount ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroprotective Therapies

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to cardiac arrest induced brain injury and has been a target for neuroprotective therapies. An emerging concept suggests that hyperactivation of neuronal mitochondria following resuscitation results in hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane during reperfusion, which drives generation of excess reactive oxygen species. Previous studies from our group demonstrated that limiting mitochondrial hyperactivity by non-invasively modulating mitochondrial function with specific near infrared light (NIR) wavelengths can reduce brain injury in small animal models of global and focal ischemia. Hypothesis: Inhibitory wavelengths of NIR will reduce neuronal injury and improve neurocognitive outcome in a clinically relevant swine model of cardiac arrest. Methods: Twenty-eight male and female adult swine were enrolled (3 groups: Sham, CA/CPR, and CA/CPR + NIR). Cardiac arrest (8 minutes) was induced with a ventricular pacing wire and followed by manual CPR with defibrillation and epinephrine every 30 seconds until return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), 2 of the 20 swine that underwent CA did not achieve ROSC and were not enrolled. Treatment groups were randomized prior to arrest and blinded to the CPR team. Treatment was applied at onset of ROSC by irradiating the scalp with 750 nm and 950 nm LEDs (5W) for 2 hours. Results: Sham-operated animals all survived (8/8), whereas 22% of untreated animals subjected to cardiac arrest died within 45 min of ROSC (CA/CPR, n= 7/9). All swine treated with NIR survived the duration of the study (CA/CPR + NIR, n=9/9). Four days following cardiac arrest, neurological deficit score was improved in the NIR treatment group (50 ± 21 CA/CPR vs. 0.8 ± 0.8 CA/CPR + NIR, p < 0.05). Additionally, neuronal death in the CA1/CA3 regions of the hippocampus, assessed by counting surviving neurons with stereology, was attenuated by treatment with NIR (17917 ± 5534 neurons/mm 3 CA/CPR vs. 44655 ± 5637 neurons/mm 3 CA/CPR + NIR, p < 0.05). All data is reported as mean ± SEM. Conclusions: These data provide evidence that noninvasive modulation of mitochondria, achieved by transcranial irradiation of the brain with NIR, mitigates post-cardiac arrest brain injury.

Transcranial, Red/Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode Therapy to Improve Cognition in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 610-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Naeser ◽  
Paula I. Martin ◽  
Michael D. Ho ◽  
Maxine H. Krengel ◽  
Yelena Bogdanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Near Infrared Light ◽  
Light Emitting

191 Multi-Watt Near Infrared Phototherapy as a Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-109
Author(s):  
Theodore Henderson ◽  
Larry D. Morries
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Low Level

AbstractBackgroundDepression treatment is hampered by low efficacy of antidepressant medications and concerns about alternative modalities. Animal studies of treatment with low-level (0.5 Watt or less) near infrared (NIR) light from diodes has shown some benefit in models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with evidence of reduced lesion size, increased neurotrophin production, synaptogenesis, fewer apoptotic cells, and improved neurological function. Two small case series have demonstrated transient clinical improvement with low-level NIR treatment given on a daily basis over several weeks. We have previously shown marked and persistent clinical improvement in a case series of patients with chronic mild-to-moderate (m-MTBI) after treatmentwith NIR at a power of 9 Watts or greater. We also have published a review of the potential for application of NIR for the treatment of depression. The current study explores NIR efficacy in a proof-of-concept study as a treatment for depression.MethodsThirty-nine sequential patients treated for TBI between March 2013 and May 2017 provided depression self-assessment data and/or were administered the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Each completed the Quick Inventory of Depression Symptomatology-Self Reports (QIDS) before and after treatment. Patients received transcranial multi-Watt near-infrared light treatment (NILT) using near-infrared lasers (810/980 nm at 8-15 Watts) applied to forehead and temporal regions bilaterally for 9-12 minutes to each area.ResultsFor 36 of the 39 patients, after 16.82 + 6.26 treatments, QIDS scores indicated a robust response (decrease of QIDS total score by > 50%). For 32 of 39 patients post-treatment QIDS scores indicated a remission from depression (decrease of QIDS total score < 5). Overall, the QIDS score fell from 14.10 + 3.39 to 3.44 + 3.39 SD (p=6.29 X 10-19). With 12 or fewer treatments, QIDS score dropped from 14.83 + 2.55 to 4.17 + 3.93. Patients receiving 13 or more treatments showed a change in QIDS score from 13.67 + 3.64 to 3.11 + 3.14. Those (N=15) who received the entire treatment course within 8 weeks or less (5.33 + 1.72 weeks) showed a change in QIDS score from 13.86 + 3.14 to 4.5 + 3.94. Suicidal ideation resolved in all, but two patients. The non-responsive patients are described in detail. Patients remained in remission for up to 55 months after a single course of treatment.ConclusionThis is the first report of high-powered NILT showing efficacy for depression. Patients saw benefit often within 4 treatments and some had resolution of depressive symptoms in as little as 4 weeks. These data raise an intriguing possibility – that NILT may be a safe, effective, and rapid treatment for depression. A double-blind, placebo controlled trial is warranted to verify these proof-of-concept data.Funding AcknowledgementsNeuro-Laser Foundation

scholarly journals Foetal growth, birth transition, enteral nutrition and brain light scattering

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osuke Iwata ◽  
Sachiko Iwata ◽  
Tsuyoshi Kurata ◽  
Kennosuke Tsuda ◽  
Koya Kawase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Near Infrared Light ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIf the brain structure is assessed at neonatal intensive care units, covert clinical events related with subtle brain injury might be identified. The reduced scattering coefficient of near-infrared light (μS’) obtained using time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy from the forehead of infants is associated with gestational age, body weight and Apgar scores, presumably reflecting subtle changes of the brain related to foetal growth and birth transition. One hundred twenty-eight preterm and term infants were studied to test whether μS’ obtained from the head at term-equivalent age is associated with foetal growth, birth transition and nutritional status after birth, which are key independent variables of developmental outcomes. As potential independent variables of μS’, birth weight, Apgar scores, age at full enteral feeding and post-conceptional age at the study were assessed to represent foetal growth, birth transition and nutritional status after birth. Subsequently, higher μS’ values were associated with higher Apgar scores (p = 0.003) and earlier establishment of enteral feeding (p < 0.001). The scattering property of near-infrared light within the neonatal brain might reflect changes associated with birth transition and nutritional status thereafter, which might be used as a non-invasive biomarker to identify covert independent variables of brain injury in preterm infants.

scholarly journals Application of optical methods in the monitoring of traumatic brain injury: A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1825-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Weigl ◽  
Daniel Milej ◽  
Dariusz Janusek ◽  
Stanisław Wojtkiewicz ◽  
Piotr Sawosz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Cerebral Oximetry ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Wide Range

We present an overview of the wide range of potential applications of optical methods for monitoring traumatic brain injury. The MEDLINE database was electronically searched with the following search terms: “traumatic brain injury,” “head injury,” or “head trauma,” and “optical methods,” “NIRS,” “near-infrared spectroscopy,” “cerebral oxygenation,” or “cerebral oximetry.” Original reports concerning human subjects published from January 1980 to June 2015 in English were analyzed. Fifty-four studies met our inclusion criteria. Optical methods have been tested for detection of intracranial lesions, monitoring brain oxygenation, assessment of brain perfusion, and evaluation of cerebral autoregulation or intracellular metabolic processes in the brain. Some studies have also examined the applicability of optical methods during the recovery phase of traumatic brain injury . The limitations of currently available optical methods and promising directions of future development are described in this review. Considering the outstanding technical challenges, the limited number of patients studied, and the mixed results and opinions gathered from other reviews on this subject, we believe that optical methods must remain primarily research tools for the present. More studies are needed to gain confidence in the use of these techniques for neuromonitoring of traumatic brain injury patients.

scholarly journals Cell-Based Therapies for Traumatic Brain Injury: Therapeutic Treatments and Clinical Trials

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Celia Bonilla ◽  
Mercedes Zurita
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Trauma Deaths ◽  
The Brain

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents physical damage to the brain tissue that induces transitory or permanent neurological disabilities. TBI contributes to 50% of all trauma deaths, with many enduring long-term consequences and significant medical and rehabilitation costs. There is currently no therapy to reverse the effects associated with TBI. An increasing amount of research has been undertaken regarding the use of different stem cells (SCs) to treat the consequences of brain damage. Neural stem cells (NSCs) (adult and embryonic) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown efficacy in pre-clinical models of TBI and in their introduction to clinical research. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of TBI and the state of clinical trials aimed at evaluating the use of stem cell-based therapies in TBI. The primary aim of these studies is to investigate the safety and efficacy of the use of SCs to treat this disease. Although an increasing number of studies are being carried out, few results are currently available. In addition, we present our research regarding the use of cell therapy in TBI. There is still a significant lack of understanding regarding the cell therapy mechanisms for the treatment of TBI. Thus, future studies are needed to evaluate the feasibility of the transplantation of SCs in TBI.

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