scholarly journals Phospholipid-dependence of oestrone UDP-glucuronyltransferase and p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase

1979 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Tukey ◽  
R E Billings ◽  
A P Autor ◽  
T R Tephly
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glucuronyl Transferase ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Column

Hepatic UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity was resolved into two fractions, one exhibiting oestrone glucuronyltransferase activity and the other exhibiting p-nitrophenol glucuronyltransferase activity. Hydroxyapatite-column chromatography removed greater than 95% of the phospholipids from both preparations. The partially purified delipidated enzymes were essentially devoid of catalytic activity, but activities were restored by the addition of phospholipids or phosphatidylcholine mixtures containing various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Both oestrone and p-nitrophenol glucuronyl-transferase activities were reconstituted to similar degrees with the phosphatidylcholine mixtures. When purified phospholipids were tested, phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine were most effective in restoring activity, whereas phosphatidylethanolamine was the least effective. These results further suggest that oestrone and p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferases are dependent on phospholipids for their activity.

ANTIOXIDANTS AS INHIBITORS OF LINOLEATE OXIDATION CATALYZED BY PLANT LIPOXIDASE AND BY HEMOLYZATES OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bruce Collier ◽  
Sheila C. McRae
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Catalytic Action ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Linoleate Oxidation

Hemolyzates of human erythrocytes catalyzed the oxidation of linoleate at pH 7 but not at pH 9. Hence the erythrocytes contained no lipoxidase and the catalytic action was probably due to hemoglobin. However, the time-activity curves for hemolyzates and for crystalline hemoglobin were not identical in shape. The oxidation of linoleate at pH 7 by plant lipoxidase was powerfully inhibited by phenothiazine and by phenylhydrazine. These compounds, and also α-tocopherol and α-naphthol, inhibited the catalytic activity of hemolyzates and of crystalline hemoglobin. It is probable that phenothiazine and phenylhydrazine act as antioxidants in these systems. Antioxidants in vivo may possibly play a role in protecting the unsaturated fatty acids of the erythrocyte membrane from oxidation catalyzed by hemoglobin.

Effect of dietary fat supplements on levels of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids,transacids and conjugated linoleic acid in bovine milk

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Offer ◽  
M. Marsden ◽  
J. Dixon ◽  
B. K. Speake ◽  
F. E. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fat Supplements

AbstractThe effects of three fat supplements on milk yield and composition were measured using 12 mid-lactation in-calf Hoistein-Friesian cows in a balanced incomplete change-over design over three periods each of 3 weeks. All cows received a basal diet consisting of 36 kg/day grass silage (dry matter (DM) 270 g/kg, metabolizable energy (ME) 11·6 MJ/kg DM) and 7 kg/day o f a concentrate mixture containing (g/kg) rolled barley (501), molassed sugar-beet pulp shreds (277), soya-bean meal (208) and a standard cow mineral supplement (14). Treatments were CON (control-no supplement); LIN and FISH (250 gl day of either linseed oil or marine oil, providing approximately 0·046 of ME intake) or TOA (95 glday of tuna orbital oil, providing 0·018 of total ME intake).There were no significant effects on silage DM intake or milk yield (means 9·25 and 17·2 kg/day respectively). The FISH and TOA treatments depressed (F < 0·05) milk fat concentration (45·4, 44·6, 34·5 and 41·6 (s.e.d. 1·08) g/kg for CON, LIN, FISH and TOA respectively; note — the same treatment order is used for all results quoted). Compared with values for CON, yield of f at (glday) was significantly (F < 0·05) greater for LIN and significantly lower for FISH (739, 808, 572 and 732, s.e.d. 28·7). All three oil supplements reduced (F < 0·05) milk protein content (33·6, 32·5, 30·6 and 32·4 (s.e.d. 0·43) g/kg) but, apart from a small increase for LIN, protein yield (glday) was unaffected (545, 586, 510 and 574, s.e.d. 20·2).The concentrations (g/100 g) of short-chain fatty acids (< C14) and C16 : 0 in milk f at were lower (F < 0·05) for LIN than for the other treatments. All supplements increased the concentrations ofC18:1 (F < 0·05), the value for LIN being greater (F < 0·05) than for the other treatments (21·0, 27·2, 25·3 and 23·7, s.e.d. 0·74). The FISH and TOA treatments increased (F < 0·05) the concentrations of long chain (< C2O) (n-3) poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), (0·19, 0·17, 0·49 and 0·27, s.e.d. 0·026) but less than proportionately 0·03 of dietary intake of these acids was transferred to milk, probably because they were found to be mostly in the phospholipid and cholesterol ester fractions of plasma. The FISH and TOA treatments increased (F < 0·05) the percentages of total trans fatty acids in milk fat (1·13, 2·19, 10·26 and 3·62, s.e.d. 0·728) whilst a significant (F < 0·05) increase in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was observed only for FISH (0·16, 0·28, 1·55, and 0·52, s.e.d. 0·154). Concentrations of CLA and total trans acids in milk were highly correlated (r = 0·91, no. =36, F < 0·001) whilst trans acids in milk were inversely correlated with milk fat content (r = -0·63, no. = 36, F < 0·001) supporting the theory that milk fat depression may be caused by increased supply of trans fatty acids to the mammary gland. The health implications of these changes in milk fat composition are discussed.

RUMINAL AND FECAL FATTY ACIDS AND APPARENT RATION DIGESTIBILITY IN LAMBS AS AFFECTED BY DIETARY FATTY ACIDS

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Clarke ◽  
W. K. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract

Two metabolism experiments were conducted with rumen-fistulated sheep to study effects of increasing dietary levels of unsaturated fatty acids upon ration digestibility and rumen-fluid volatile fatty acids. Apparent digestibility of ration components was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by diet. However, crude fat digestibility values, which include fecal soap excretion, were 11–19 digestion units lower than comparable ether extract values. When diets high in unsaturated fatty acids were fed, the rumen and fecal levels of these acids were lower than dietary levels, suggesting that hydrogenation of C-18 polyethnoid fatty acids was occurring. Fecal soap excretion was affected very little by dietary unsaturated fatty acids, but stearic acid proportion of fecal soaps increased as the level of dietary unsaturated fatty acids increased. The ratios of acetic to propionic acid gradually decreased as the unsaturated fatty acids of the ration increased in one experiment, but in the other experiment no consistent pattern was observed.

scholarly journals Almond By-Products: Valorization for Sustainability and Competitiveness of the Industry

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1793
Author(s):  
Marta Barral-Martinez ◽  
Maria Fraga-Corral ◽  
Pascual Garcia-Perez ◽  
Jesus Simal-Gandara ◽  
Miguel A. Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
By Products

The search for waste minimization and the valorization of by-products are key practices for good management and improved sustainability in the food industry. The production of almonds generates a large amount of waste, most of which is not used. Until now, almonds have been used for their high nutritional value as food, especially almond meat. The other remaining parts (skin, shell, hulls, etc.) are still little explored, even though they have been used as fuel by burning or as livestock feed. However, interest in these by-products has been increasing as they possess beneficial properties (caused mainly by polyphenols and unsaturated fatty acids) and can be used as new ingredients for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, it is important to explore almond’s valorization of by-products for the development of new added-value products that would contribute to the reduction of environmental impact and an improvement in the sustainability and competitiveness of the almond industry.

The lipids of four unusual non-pathogenic host-associated spirochetes

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1877-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Livermore ◽  
Russell C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Complex Lipids ◽  
Monogalactosyl Diglyceride ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Long Chain

The lipid compositions of two spirochetes isolated from the human oral cavity and two isolated from pig feces were examined. These isolates were unusual in that they did not require long-chain fatty acids for growth, as do the other host-associated spirochetes, but rather required isobutyric and valeric acids. Therefore, they could be cultured in a medium free of serum or fatty acid –albumin supplements. The major fatty acids synthesized were normal and iso fatty acids with 14 and 16 carbons. No unsaturated fatty acids were detected, nor were chain lengths longer than 16 carbons. The major complex lipids found were monogalactosyl diglyceride, phosphatidyl glycerol, and bis-phosphatidyl glycerol. Nitrogenous phospholipids, present in Treponema and Leptospira, were not synthesized by these novel strains. The data indicate an intermediate position of these isolates between Treponema and free-living Spirochaeta.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Aspirin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Gastrointestinal Organs and Liver Enzymes, Abdominal Fats, Immune Response, Cecum Microflora and Fatty Acid Profile in Breast Meat of Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Tavakoli ◽  
Mehrdad Bouyeh ◽  
Alireza Seidavi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract This study was performed to investigate the effect of different levels of aspirin on the diet of broilers. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design using 120 one-day-old male broiler chicks of commercial Ross 308 strain to study the effects of three different levels of aspirin (0, 50 and 100 mg/kg) in 3 treatments, in 4 replicates, each including 10 chicks, during 42 days. The effects of different levels of aspirin, added to a basic diet, on performance, carcass characteristics and digestive organs, blood plasma components, liver enzymes, immune system, secal microflora, and acid profile of breast meat of broiler chickens were investigated. Data analysis was performed by SAS statistical software and the comparison of the means with Duncan's multiple-range test at 5% probability level. The results showed that in the final period, the chickens fed by a diet containing 100 mg/kg of aspirin (A) had the highest feed intake and weight gain and the best feed conversion ratio compared to the other treatments. Also, according to the tables, the lowest production cost and the best European factor were related to treatment A100, which was statistically significant compared to the control (P < 0.05). In addition, the use of the same level of aspirin resulted in a significant increase in some carcass properties and a decrease in ventricular fat compared to the control (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the effects of using two different levels of aspirin on blood parameters and liver enzymes of broilers except for alkaline phosphatase were not significant throughout the period (P ≥ 0.05). Also, the use of the same level of aspirin had no significant effect on the function of the humoral immune system in response to antigen injection, antibody titer against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and antibody titer against Newcastle disease and influenza virus (P ≥ 0.05). But according to the table, the highest percentage of neutrophils and eosinophils was related to this treatment. Also, aspirin treatments increased the levels of unsaturated fatty acids and decreased saturated fatty acids. Moreover, aspirin treatment led to a reduction in the population of Escherichia coli. So, based on the results of the present study, the use of 100 mg/kg aspirin in the diet of broilers is recommended.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Cod Liver Oil on Ratio of Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Giant Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Meat

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-669
Author(s):  
Lutfi Marzuki ◽  
. Agustono ◽  
Boedi Setya Rahardja
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Commercial Feed

The existence of feed plays an important role in aquaculture activities. This is due to the dominant influence on fish feed growth. Feeding with the right nutritional components can produce healthy and high-quality fish products. One of the nutrients needed by fish is fatty acids. In fact, the provision of fatty acids, one of which is not in the meat, has an important influence. So, this study aims to determine the effect of adding cod liver oil to commercial feed on the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids to the meat of giant prawn. This research was conducted experimentally with a completely randomized design. The treatment is given a dose of cod liver oil 0% (control), and treatments 1-4 use 3% dose addition to each treatment. On the other hand, in the data analysis stage, the researchers used ANOVA and continued with the Duncan’s test. Based on the results, the study notes that the administration of cod liver oil in commercial feed does not affect the decreasing content of saturated fatty acids in giant prawn meat. On the other hand, the results also showed that the best ratio was found in treatment 4 at a dose of 12%. Therefore, it is concluded that the provision of nutrients for feed related to fatty acids in the pole has not reduced the content of saturated fatty acids. As well as, the best ratio of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids was 1.21:1 with cholesterol content of 88.34 mg/dl and this ration resulted by the greatest growth rate in present study.

scholarly journals Dietary unsaturated fatty acids influence preovulatory follicle characteristics in dairy cows

Reproduction ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Zachut ◽  
A Arieli ◽  
H Lehrer ◽  
N Argov ◽  
U Moallem
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Prostaglandin F

Dietary unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) have been implicated in several reproductive processes in dairy cows through a variety of mechanisms. This study examined the effects of periparturient supplementation of rumen bypass fats low or high in proportion of UFAs (oleic and linoleic) on preovulatory follicle characteristics. Forty-two 256-day pregnant dairy cows were divided into three groups and were fed a control diet (n=14) or supplemented with fats either low (LUFA; n=14) or high (HUFA; n=14) in UFAs. At 14–15 days following behavior estrus, the cows received a prostaglandin F2α injection and 48 h later >7 mm follicles were aspirated. Progesterone (P4), androstenedione (A4), and estradiol (E2) were determined in the follicular fluid. Out of 75 follicles, 37 follicles that were aspirated between 55 and 70 days post partum were regarded as E2-active follicles (E2/P4 ratio >1) and subjected for further analysis. The diameter of preovulatory follicles was greater in cows fed HUFA than in those fed control or LUFA. The concentrations and content of A4 and E2 in follicles and E2/P4 ratio were higher in the HUFA group than in the other two groups. The P450 aromatase mRNA expression in granulosa cells that were collected from the aspirated preovulatory follicles was also higher in the HUFA cows than in the other groups. A significant correlation was observed between E2 concentrations in preovulatory follicles and E2 concentrations in plasma at aspiration. In conclusion, dietary UFA increased the size of and elevated steroid hormones in preovulatory follicles, which may be beneficial to consequent ovarian function.

ANTIOXIDANTS AS INHIBITORS OF LINOLEATE OXIDATION CATALYZED BY PLANT LIPOXIDASE AND BY HEMOLYZATES OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bruce Collier ◽  
Sheila C. McRae
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Catalytic Action ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Linoleate Oxidation

Hemolyzates of human erythrocytes catalyzed the oxidation of linoleate at pH 7 but not at pH 9. Hence the erythrocytes contained no lipoxidase and the catalytic action was probably due to hemoglobin. However, the time-activity curves for hemolyzates and for crystalline hemoglobin were not identical in shape. The oxidation of linoleate at pH 7 by plant lipoxidase was powerfully inhibited by phenothiazine and by phenylhydrazine. These compounds, and also α-tocopherol and α-naphthol, inhibited the catalytic activity of hemolyzates and of crystalline hemoglobin. It is probable that phenothiazine and phenylhydrazine act as antioxidants in these systems. Antioxidants in vivo may possibly play a role in protecting the unsaturated fatty acids of the erythrocyte membrane from oxidation catalyzed by hemoglobin.

scholarly journals Penataan ulang trigliserida minyak saga utan (Adenanthera pavonina) melalui trans-esterifikasi

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Ramses J Napitupulu ◽  
Tatang H Soerawidjaja
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adenanthera Pavonina ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Extraction Step ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
New Forest

The triglyseride re-arrangement of the forest sunflower oil in order to develop new forest sunflower oil with different properties has been done in this research. The re-arrangement has been done by some steps of process such as extraction step, tranesterification step, fractionation step, and continued by directed interesterication reaction. The re­ arrangement happen in directed interesterification reaction at 54°C assisted by natrium hydrokside anhydrate catalyst. This treatment is aimed to maintain the equilibrium in the reacting mixture to be kept directed to the preferred product development (metil fignoserat) and then it can be separated from the reacting mixture. The forest sunflower oil has acid number of 0,841 mg KOH/gr oil, soap number 182,73 mg KOH/gr oil, and iod number 93,28 gr iod/100 gr oil. After the re-arrangement process then two kind of product of new forest sunflower oil has been obtained. Ones with the soap number of 185,94 mg KOH/gr oil, and the other contain metil lignoserat solid with soap number of 152,23 mg KOH/gr oil. From the whole process steps, it was obtained the new forest sunflower oil that has rich unsaturated fatty acids content like oleat acid (omega 9) and finoleat acid (omega 6).Keywords: Acid Number, Inter-esterification, Iodine Number, Re-arangement, Soap Number, Triglyseride Abstrak Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan penataan ulang trigliserida minyak saga utan, sehingga minyak saga utan baru memifiki sifat-sifat fisik yang berbeda dari minyak saga utan awal. Penataan ulang minyak saga utan dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap yaitu tahap ekstraksi, reaksi transesterifikasi, fraksionasi, dan dilanjutkan dengan reaksi interesterifikasi terarah. Penataan ulang terjadi pada reaksi interesterifikasi terarah pada temperatur 54°C dengan bantuan katafis natrium hidroksida anhidrat. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar kesetimbangan di dalam campuran reaksi terus menerus bergeser ke arah pembentukan produk yang dikehendaki (metil lignoserat) tersingkir dari campuran reaksi. Minyak saga utan memiliki angka asam 0,841 mg KOH/gr minyak, angka penyabunan 182,73 mg KOH/gr minyak, dan angka iodium 93,28 gr iod/100 gr minyak. Setelah dilakaukan proses penataan ulang maka didapatkan dua buah produk yaitu minyak saga utan baru dengan angka penyabunan 185,94 mg KOH/gr minyak, dan padatan metil fignoserat dengan  angka penyabunan 152,23 mg KOH/gr minyak. Dari tahapan proses, didapatkan minyak saga utan baru yang kaya akan kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh seperti asam oleat (omega 9) dan asam finoleat (omega 6). Kata kunci: Angka Asam, Angka Iodium, Angka Penyabunan, Interesterifikasi, Penataan Ulang, Trigliserida

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