Cloning and functional expression of the first plant fatty acid elongase specific for Δ6-polyunsaturated fatty acids

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 654-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Zank ◽  
U. Zähringer ◽  
J. Lerchl ◽  
E. Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Functional Expression ◽  
Stearidonic Acid ◽  
Yeast Gene ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongase ◽  
Transgenic Yeast

In order to elucidate the biosynthesis of longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in plants we searched for a cDNA encoding a Δ6-specific PUFA elongase from Physcomitrella patens which is known to contain high proportions of arachidonic acid (20:4 Δ5,8,11,14). An EST clone from P. patens was identified by its low homology to the yeast gene ELO1, which is required for the elongation of medium-chain fatty acids. We functionally characterized this cDNA by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in the presence of several fatty acids. Analysis of the fatty acid profile of the transgenic yeast revealed that the cDNA encodes a protein that leads to the elongation of the C18 Δ6-polyunsaturated fatty acids γ-linolenic acid (18:3 Δ6,9,12) and stearidonic acid (18:4 Δ6,9,12,15), which were recovered to 45–51% as their elongation products. In contrast, linoleic and α-linolenic acids were hardly elongated and we could not measure any elongation of saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (including 18:1 Δ6), indicating that the elongase is highly specific for the polyunsaturated nature of the fatty acid acting as substrate.

scholarly journals Oil yield and fatty acid profile of seeds of three Salvia species. A comparative study

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouna Ben Farhat ◽  
Rym Chaouch -Hamada ◽  
Ahmed Landoulsi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Oil Yield

Summary A comparative study of the oil yield and fatty acid composition of three Salvia species seeds collected in different locations has been conducted. Seed oil extraction was made using a Soxhlet-extractor and fatty acid analysis was undertaken using a GC-FID. The effect of the collecting site on oil yield, as well as the content of individual fatty acid and total fatty acid and fatty acid content was significant. Seed oil yield varied from 14.94 to 22.83% and the total fatty acids ranged from 67.36 to 82.49 mg/g DW. α-Linolenic (24.02-49.19%), linoleic (20.13-42.88%), oleic (12.97-17.81%) and palmitic (8.37-16.63%) acids were the most abundant fatty acids in all analyzed samples. α-Linolenic acid was found to be the major fatty acid in S. verbenaca and S. officinalis species, however, S. aegyptiaca was characterized by the prevalence of linoleic acid. Among the unsaturated fatty acids, which were represented in all samples in high amounts (78.16-89.34%), the polyunsaturated fatty acids (α-linolenic and linoleic acids) showed important levels ranging from 63.09 to 74.71%. Seeds of S. verbenaca were the richest in polyunsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Genetically Determined Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Lung Function: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1473-1473
Author(s):  
Bonnie Patchen ◽  
Jiayi Xu ◽  
Dana Hancock ◽  
Patricia Cassano
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongase ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Objectives Cross-sectional studies have found positive associations of plasma omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (N-3 PUFAs) and lung function parameters, including the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to address potential limitations in previous findings, including residual confounding and reverse causality, and improve causal inference for the relationship of N-3 PUFAs on lung function. Methods We instrumented the N-3 PUFAs alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) with genetic variants in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS1/FADS2) and fatty acid elongase (ELOVL2) genes. We performed two sample MR, using genome-wide association data for N-3 PUFAs in the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genetic Epidemiology Consortium and for FEV1 and FVC in the UK Biobank. We also performed multivariable MR (MVMR) including linoleic acid (LA), the main dietary N-6 PUFA, to account for shared genetic predictors. We used the Wald's ratio or inverse variance weighted method in all analyses. Results In univariable MR, ALA was negatively associated with FEV1 (−0.27 ± 0.13 SD/% total FA, P = 0.02), while EPA was positively associated with FEV1 (0.05 ± 0.02 SD/% total FA, P = 0.02). The DPA—FEV1 association was similar to EPA (P = 0.05). These results align with the opposing effects of FADS1/2 variants on ALA vs EPA and DPA. DHA was not associated with FEV1 and there were no statistically significant N-3 PUFA—FVC associations. Using GWAS estimates adjusted for correlated N3-PUFAs did not alter these results. In MVMR including LA, the ALA—FEV1 associations were strengthened (P = 0.007), while the EPA—and DPA—FEV1 associations were no longer statistically significant. Conclusions Our analyses suggest that higher ALA has a direct negative effect on lung function, while the positive effects of EPA and DPA may be through the balance of N-3 and N-6 PUFA metabolism. However, interpretation of MVRM findings when modeling metabolic pathways needs further consideration. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health Training Program (T32) in Translational Nutrition Research at Cornell University.

BLOOD FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN COWS DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF AUTONOMIC REGULATION IN SUMMER PERIOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Hryshchuk ◽  
◽  
V. I. Karpovskyi ◽  
V. V. Danchuk ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Coordination of physiological activity and intensity of metabolism in various organs and tissues of a productive animal, depending on environmental conditions and own needs, is provided by the regulatory activity of the corresponding nerve centers. However, the features of the autonomic regulation of the nervous system in this matter can have a significant impact not only on the physiological activity of animals but also on their productivity. Therefore, the question of studying the influence of autonomic regulation on the animal body in general and the interaction of the autonomic system and lipid metabolism is quite relevant. Groups of animals were formed by determining the state of the cardiovascular system according to Baevskyi. Blood plasma was used for the study, lipid extraction was performed by the Folch method. Fatty acid analysis was performed on a Trace GC Ultra gas chromatograph (USA) with a flame ionization detector. Studies have shown that the relative content of saturated fatty acids in blood of normotonics was the highest compared with other groups: sympathotonics – by 1.9%; vagotonics – 0.48%. Regarding the concentration of saturated fatty acids in sympathotonics, it should be noted that the content of stearic acid was the highest (18.07 ± 0.01; P < 0.001) and saturated fatty acids from C6 to C16 were characterized by the lowest values (P < 0.01–0.05) in comparison with other groups The total content of unsaturated fatty acids in blood plasma of sympathotonics and vagotonics was 1.19% and 0.49% higher, respectively, compared with normotonics. Quite interesting is the fact that sympathotonics were characterized by the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the content of which decreased in the range C18:2n6 > C20:4n6 > C18:3n3 > C22:6n3 > C22:5n3, a similar sequence we observed in other groups, although the relative concentration of acids could fluctuate. Normotonics were characterized by the highest levels of some polyunsaturated fatty acids (C18:3n3, C22:5n3, C22:6n3) (P < 0.05-0.01), while levels of some unsaturated fatty acids (C18: 1n9, C20: 3n6) were the lowest. Thus, the type of nervous activity has a significant effect on the ratio of fatty acids in blood plasma of cows and autonomous regulation affects the metabolic processes in the animal’s body.

Fatty Acid Composition of Turkey Meat Sucuk (Soudjuck), Salami, and Sausages

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Semih Otles ◽  
Ozlem Cagindi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Turkey Meat ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids

In this paper, the fatty acid composition of turkey meat sucuk (soudjuck), salami, and sausages were determined and compared with each other. The fatty acids methyl esters of each product were identified by capillary gas chromatography. Most of the fatty acids in sucuk (soudjuck) samples were monosaturated; however in salami and sausages samples most of were mono and di-unsaturated. Saturated fatty acids in sucuk (soudjuck) samples followed, having the palmitic and stearic acids as their major components and had a range of 229.7-385.2 g kg-1 and 87.6-215.9 g kg-1. In salami and sausages samples, unsaturated fatty acids, the oleic and linoleic acids were the major components and had a range of 170.0-542.0 g kg-1 and 151.5-353.0 g kg-1. PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) were found for sausages in the highest amount with linoleic acids concentration. Turkey meat salami and sausages presented a higher content of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids than turkey meat sucuk (soudjuck).

scholarly journals Дослідження жирнокислотного складу часнику листя та цибулин

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Fedosov ◽  
V. S. Kyslychenko ◽  
O. M. Novosel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Hypotensive Activity

Introduction. Polyunsaturated fatty acids show a wide spectrum of biological activity in human body, including lowering blood cholesterol level, arterial pressure, improving blood circulation, take part in prostaglandins synthesis etc. Thus, the search of new herbal sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids is an important task of modern pharmaceutical science aimed at creation of effective Ukrainian medicines and dietary supplements on their basis.The aim of the study – to learn of qualitative composition and quantitative content of fatty acids in garlic leaves and bulbs.Research Methods. The fatty acid composition of garlic leaves and bulbs was carried out using gas chromatography.Results and Discussion. As a result of the research 13 fatty acids were identified and their content was determined in garlic leaves, and 11 fatty acids – in garlic bulbs. Among the saturated fatty acids palmitic acid dominated in the leaves – 17.85 % and in bulbs – 13.67 %, and among unsaturated ones – linoleic acid – 46.40 % and 64.45 % respectively. The sum of unsaturated fatty acids both in the leaves and bulbs prevailed over the sum of saturated ones, which allows to expect hypocholesteremic, hypolipidemic, antiaggregant and hypotensive activity in the medicines containing the studied plant material types.Conclusions. 1. The fatty acid composition of garlic leaves and bulbs was carried out using gas chromatography. As a result of the research 13 fatty acids were identified and their content was determined in garlic leaves, and 11 fatty acids – in garlic bulbs. The sum of unsaturated fatty acids both in the leaves and bulbs prevailed over the sum of saturated ones, with prevalence of linoleic acid – 46,40% in the leaves and 64.45 % in bulbs. The obtained results allow recommending garlic leaves and bulbs as herbal source of polyunsaturated fatty acids with the following creation of effective Ukrainian medicines and dietary supplements on their basis.

scholarly journals Forage breeding and management to increase the beneficial fatty acid content of ruminant products

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Dewhurst ◽  
N. D. Scollan ◽  
M. R. F. Lee ◽  
H. J. Ougham ◽  
M. O. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽  
Plant Lipids

The declining consumption of ruminant products has been partly associated with their high proportion (but not necessarily content) of saturated fatty acids. Recent studies have focused on the less prominent fact that they are also important sources of beneficial fatty acids, includingn-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids. α-Linolenic acid (18: 3n-3) is of particular interest because it also contributes to improved flavour of beef and lamb. Many recent studies showed large effects of special concentrates on levels of fatty acids in milk and meat. However, the ‘rumen protection’ treatments, needed to ensure a worthwhile level of fatty acid in products, are expensive. Herbage lipids are the cheapest and safest source of these fatty acids and so breeding to increase delivery of fatty acids from plants into ruminant products is an important long-term strategy. Plant lipids usually contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly 18: 2n-6 and 18:3n-3 which are the precursors of beneficial fatty acids. Whilst some plants are particularly rich in individual fatty acids (e.g. 18:3n-3 in linseed), there are also useful levels in grass and clover (TrifoliumSpp.). Levels of fatty acids in forages in relation to species and varieties are considered, as well as management and conservation methods. Relationships between levels of fatty acids and existing traits and genetic markers are identified. The effects of forage treatments on the fatty acid content of ruminant products are reviewed. The higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk from cows fed clover silages show that the level of fatty acids in herbage is not the only factor affecting levels of fatty acids in ruminant products. Further effort is needed to characterise susceptibility of unsaturated fatty acids to oxidative loss during field wilting and biohydrogenation losses in the rumen, and the relative importance of plant and microbial processes in these losses. The pathways of lipolysis and lipid oxidation are reviewed and other plant factors which offer potential to breed for reduced losses are considered.

scholarly journals Age castration of Nellore males on the profile of fatty acids of meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3739
Author(s):  
Regis Luis Missio ◽  
João Restle ◽  
Aline Kelherman de Freitas ◽  
Moacir Evandro Lage ◽  
Paulo Santana Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Different Ages

This study aimed to evaluate the cholesterol content, ?-tocopherol and fatty acids in the meat of Nellore young bulls or steers castrated at different ages, 13 or 18 months. The animals were confined for 100 days and slaughtered at 22 months of age. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments, using 12 repetitions. The levels of palmitic acid (26.39%), stearic (24.39%), myristic (3.01%) and total saturated fatty acids were not altered by sexual condition or castration age. Oleic was the fatty acid with the highest average participation in the meat (34.54%), and lower content in the meat of young bulls in relation to the castrated. The content of total unsaturated fatty acids was lower in the young bulls in relation to castrated at 18 months, which did not differ from castrated at 12 months. The content of total polyunsaturated fatty acids was increased by elevation of the castration age, being similar between young bulls and castrated at 18 months. The ratio ?6/?3 was not altered by sexual condition or castration age. Castration at the beginning of the finishing period increases the content of beneficial fatty acids to health in relation to castrated in the first third of backgrounding.

Effect of dietary n-3/n-6 ratio on fatty acid composition of liver, meat and perirenal fat in rabbits

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bernardini ◽  
A. Dal Bosco ◽  
C. Castellini
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Perirenal Fat

AbstractThe metabolic pathways of dietary fatty acids were studied in rabbits by analysing the fatty acid profile of different tissues (liver, perirenal fat,longissimus lumborummuscle). Four groups of 24 hybrid males each were assigned to four semi-purified diets, varying in the source oflipids which differed in n-3/n-6 ratios: 180 g/kg sunflower (S), 80 g/kg flaxseed + 90 g/kg sunflower (SF), 160 g/kg flaxseed (F) and 60 g/kg fish oil (FI). The liver showed a very important rôle in fatty acid syntheses and was the tissue richest in long-chain (≥20 C) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP) of n-3 and n-6 series. The S diet gave the highest mono-unsaturated fatty acids and n-6 LCP (respectively, 201·9 and 384·9 g/kg,P< 0·01) also showing a clear antagonism v. n-3 LCP; the FI diet determined the highest enrichment of n-3 LCP (179·5 g/kg,P< 0·01). a-linolenic acid was efficiently converted into n-3 LCP mainly when п-ЗІп-6 ratio was high (Σn-3/С20: 4n-6: 2·74 and 3.61,P< 0·01 in flaxseed and fish-oil diet, respectively). The same trend occurred in the muscle but in a less consistent way. The adipose tissue more closely reflected the composition of the dietary fatty acids, showing variations mainly concerning polyunsaturated fatty acids (S diet), and LCP n-3 (FI diet: 44·9 g/kg,P< 0·01). Results showed the possibility of modifying the fatty acid profile of rabbit meat by dietary means and that the n-3/n-6 ratio of the food is crucial in regulating the relative presence of LCP n-3 or n-6 in meat products.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary hemp seed oil to sows on fatty acid profiles, nutritional and immune status of piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vodolazska ◽  
C. Lauridsen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Stearidonic Acid ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Hemp Seed

Abstract Background The oil from industrial hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa) is an ideal source of stearidonic acid, which is a precursor fatty acid for the long-chained n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. These fatty acids are important for neonatal development, health and immunity. Hemp seed oil has been investigated for the influence on human health, but research on the impact in pig nutrition is scarce. The aim of our research was to study the effect of dietary hemp seed oil relative to soybean oil to lactating sows on the transfer of fatty acids to the off-spring and the effect on piglets’ immune and nutritional status. Results The fatty acid composition of the hemp seed and the soybean oil influenced the fatty acid composition of sow plasma, colostrum and mature milk. The highest proportion of C18:3n-3, C18:4n-3 and C20:4n-6 was obtained in mature milk fat of sows fed 5% hemp seed oil diet when compared to the other dietary fat sources (5% soybean oil or a 50:50 mix of hemp and soybean oil at 5%). The effect of dietary oil supplementation to sows was reflected in the plasma fatty acids profile of piglets. Notably the proportion of C20:5n-3 and C22:5n-3 was the highest in plasma of piglets suckling sows fed hemp seed oil-containing diets, whereas no C18:4n-3 could be detected hence indicating conversion of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and stearidonic acid (SDA) to the longer chained n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Dietary fat source also influenced number of born piglets, their weight gain during first week, plasma concentration of glucose and IgG, and haematological profile. Conclusions The hemp seed oil resulted in direct maternal supply with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), especially ALA and SDA, and piglets were able to convert these fatty acids obtained via the sow milk intake to C20:5n-3 and C22:5n-3. Furthermore, some interesting effects of the 5% hemp seed oil was obtained with regard to piglet initial body weight gain and glucose, which could be of interest for further research, i.e., the capability of hemp seed oil to benefit piglets during early life.

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