Reactive sulphur species in oxidative signal transduction

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jacob ◽  
J.R. Lancaster ◽  
G.I. Giles
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Direct Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Intracellular Second Messengers ◽  
Sulphur Species

Intense interest has been generated by the discovery that reactive oxygen species can function as intracellular second messengers. Reactive oxygen species have been implicated in diverse cellular processes, including growth factor signal transduction, gene expression and apoptosis. Additionally, there is evidence for proteins that are regulated by redox environment through the reversible oxidation of their cysteine residues. However, the direct reaction of reactive oxygen species with cysteine at physiological concentrations is generally a slow process, suggesting that intermediates are required to convey efficiently the oxidative stimulus. Here, we discuss the evidence that DSOs (disulphide-S-oxides) are formed from glutathione under oxidizing conditions and specifically modulate the redox status of thiols, indicating the existence of specialized cellular oxidative pathways. DSO inactivated glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and alcohol dehydrogenases and released zinc from metallothionein and a zinc finger domain. In contrast, equivalent concentrations of H2O2 showed minimal effect. The antioxidants ascorbate, NADH, trolox and melatonin were unable to quench DSO-induced oxidation. These findings support the paradigm of oxidative signal transduction and provide a general pathway whereby reactive oxygen species can convert thiols into disulphides.

scholarly journals Reactive oxygen species: Generation, Oxidative Damage, and Signal Transduction

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abouzar Abouzari ◽  
Barat Ali Fakheri
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Toxic Plants

 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a by-product of normal cell metabolism in plants; however, the balance between production and elimination is disturbed under stress conditions. Several reactive oxygen species are continuously produced in plants as secondary products of aerobic metabolism. Depending on the source of the ROS species, some of them are highly toxic. Plants cellular rapidly use various enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms For detoxify ROS species. Enhanced level of ROS and absence of detoxify systems, can cause damage to biomolecules such as lipids, proteins and DNA and eventually cause to cell death. Despite their destructive activity, they are second messengers in a variety of cellular processes, including conferment of tolerance to various environmental stresses. This review paper describes the Variety of Reactive oxygen species, sources and roles of ROS in plants.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i5.12699

scholarly journals Introduction to the Special Issue: New Advances in the Research of Antioxidant Food Peptides

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Lourdes Amigo ◽  
Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cellular Processes

During cell metabolism, oxygen is partially reduced to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a physiological role in cellular processes, including proliferation, cell cycle and death, and signal transduction [...]

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species in Host Plant Are Required for an Early Defense Response against Attack of Stagonospora nodorum Berk. Necrotrophic Effectors SnTox

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1586
Author(s):  
Svetlana Veselova ◽  
Tatyana Nuzhnaya ◽  
Guzel Burkhanova ◽  
Sergey Rumyantsev ◽  
Igor Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Stagonospora Nodorum ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Necrotrophic Effectors

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in plant immune responses. The most important virulence factors of the Stagonospora nodorum Berk. are multiple fungal necrotrophic effectors (NEs) (SnTox) that affect the redox-status and cause necrosis and/or chlorosis in wheat lines possessing dominant susceptibility genes (Snn). However, the effect of NEs on ROS generation at the early stages of infection has not been studied. We studied the early stage of infection of various wheat genotypes with S nodorum isolates -Sn4VD, SnB, and Sn9MN, carrying a different set of NE genes. Our results indicate that all three NEs of SnToxA, SnTox1, SnTox3 significantly contributed to cause disease, and the virulence of the isolates depended on their differential expression in plants (Triticum aestivum L.). The Tsn1–SnToxA, Snn1–SnTox1and Snn3–SnTox3 interactions played an important role in inhibition ROS production at the initial stage of infection. The Snn3–SnTox3 inhibited ROS production in wheat by affecting NADPH-oxidases, peroxidases, superoxide dismutase and catalase. The Tsn1–SnToxA inhibited ROS production in wheat by affecting peroxidases and catalase. The Snn1–SnTox1 inhibited the production of ROS in wheat by mainly affecting a peroxidase. Collectively, these results show that the inverse gene-for gene interactions between effector of pathogen and product of host sensitivity gene suppress the host’s own PAMP-triggered immunity pathway, resulting in NE-triggered susceptibility (NETS). These results are fundamentally changing our understanding of the development of this economical important wheat disease.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species: Beyond Their Reactive Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Arnaud Tauffenberger ◽  
Pierre J. Magistretti
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Cellular Dysfunction ◽  
The Brain

AbstractCellular homeostasis plays a critical role in how an organism will develop and age. Disruption of this fragile equilibrium is often associated with health degradation and ultimately, death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been closely associated with health decline and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease. ROS were first identified as by-products of the cellular activity, mainly mitochondrial respiration, and their high reactivity is linked to a disruption of macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and DNA. More recent research suggests more complex function of ROS, reaching far beyond the cellular dysfunction. ROS are active actors in most of the signaling cascades involved in cell development, proliferation and survival, constituting important second messengers. In the brain, their impact on neurons and astrocytes has been associated with synaptic plasticity and neuron survival. This review provides an overview of ROS function in cell signaling in the context of aging and degeneration in the brain and guarding the fragile balance between health and disease.

scholarly journals Reactive oxygen species regulate activity-dependent neuronal plasticity in Drosophila

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew CW Oswald ◽  
Paul S Brooks ◽  
Maarten F Zwart ◽  
Amrita Mukherjee ◽  
Ryan JH West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Neuronal Plasticity ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Structural Plasticity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Sensor ◽  
Motor Network ◽  
Network Output ◽  
Activity Dependent

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been extensively studied as damaging agents associated with ageing and neurodegenerative conditions. Their role in the nervous system under non-pathological conditions has remained poorly understood. Working with the Drosophila larval locomotor network, we show that in neurons ROS act as obligate signals required for neuronal activity-dependent structural plasticity, of both pre- and postsynaptic terminals. ROS signaling is also necessary for maintaining evoked synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction, and for activity-regulated homeostatic adjustment of motor network output, as measured by larval crawling behavior. We identified the highly conserved Parkinson’s disease-linked protein DJ-1β as a redox sensor in neurons where it regulates structural plasticity, in part via modulation of the PTEN-PI3Kinase pathway. This study provides a new conceptual framework of neuronal ROS as second messengers required for neuronal plasticity and for network tuning, whose dysregulation in the ageing brain and under neurodegenerative conditions may contribute to synaptic dysfunction.

scholarly journals Efficacy of α-tocopherol administration in community-acquired pneumonia

2007 ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
F. R. Farkhutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Laboratory Parameters

We studied effect of α tocopherol on clinical course and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the whole blood in patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP). The trial involved 70 patients with CAP. Generation of ROS was studied using the luminol dependent chemilumines cence (LDCL) method. Conventional treatment was given to all the patients. Besides this, 35 patients received α tocopherol. LDCL intensity of the blood was enhanced in all the patients. Treatment with α-tocopherol decreased ROS blood concentration and resulted in positive dynamics of clini cal and laboratory parameters. By contrast, patients on the conventional treatment maintained high LDCL intensity and there was slowly resolved course of inflammation in many cases. So, α tocopherol improved redox status in patients with CAP and increased efficiency of the treatment.

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