Plant influence on nitrification

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin W. Skiba ◽  
Timothy S. George ◽  
Elizabeth M. Baggs ◽  
Tim J. Daniell
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibition ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Management Approaches

Modern agriculture has promoted the development of high-nitrification systems that are susceptible to major losses of nitrogen through leaching of nitrate and gaseous emissions of nitrogen oxide (NO and N2O), contributing to global warming and depletion of the ozone layer. Leakage of nitrogen from agricultural systems forces increased use of nitrogen fertilizers and causes water pollution and elevated costs of food production. Possible strategies for prevention of these processes involve various agricultural management approaches and use of synthetic inhibitors. Growing plants capable of producing nitrification suppressors could become a potentially superior method of controlling nitrification in the soil. There is a need to investigate the phenomenon of biological nitrification inhibition in arable crop species.

scholarly journals Phytonanotechnology applications in modern agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Jiang ◽  
Yue Song ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Kanwar ◽  
Golam Jalal Ahammed ◽  
Shujun Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Edible Coatings ◽  
Food Spoilage ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Sustainable Crop Production

AbstractWith the rapidly changing global climate, the agricultural systems are confronted with more unpredictable and harsh environmental conditions than before which lead to compromised food production. Thus, to ensure safer and sustainable crop production, the use of advanced nanotechnological approaches in plants (phytonanotechnology) is of great significance. In this review, we summarize recent advances in phytonanotechnology in agricultural systems that can assist to meet ever-growing demands of food sustainability. The application of phytonanotechnology can change traditional agricultural systems, allowing the target-specific delivery of biomolecules (such as nucleotides and proteins) and cater the organized release of agrochemicals (such as pesticides and fertilizers). An amended comprehension of the communications between crops and nanoparticles (NPs) can improve the production of crops by enhancing tolerance towards environmental stresses and optimizing the utilization of nutrients. Besides, approaches like nanoliposomes, nanoemulsions, edible coatings, and other kinds of NPs offer numerous selections in the postharvest preservation of crops for minimizing food spoilage and thus establishing phtonanotechnology as a sustainable tool to architect modern agricultural practices. Graphical Abstract

Modeling nitrous oxide mitigation potential of enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers from agricultural systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 149342
Author(s):  
Ram B. Gurung ◽  
Stephen M. Ogle ◽  
F. Jay Breidt ◽  
William J. Parton ◽  
Stephen J. Del Grosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Mitigation Potential ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Mitigation

The life cycle of alternative agricultural research

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly D. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food System ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Social

AbstractThe acceptance and utility of alternative agricultural research can be enhanced by better incorporating social sciences and issues and by broadening its scope to the entire food system rather than focusing only on food production. Researchers have made strong contributions in developing and evaluating alternative agricultural technologies, but research attention also is needed to articulate strategies for synthesizing those technologies into coherent strategies, to examine the social effects of different scenarios, and to create better decisionmaking processes for ensuring broad-based knowledgeable participation in the choices among alternative strategies. Research that addresses human needs beyond food and fiber will help build truly alternative and desirable agricultural systems.

scholarly journals DIRT: The Dacus Image Recognition Toolkit

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romanos Kalamatianos ◽  
Ioannis Karydis ◽  
Dimitris Doukakis ◽  
Markos Avlonitis
Keyword(s):  
Image Recognition ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
File Size ◽  
Automated Identification ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Performance Accuracy ◽  
Olive Trees

Modern agriculture is facing unique challenges in building a sustainable future for food production, in which the reliable detection of plantation threats is of critical importance. The breadth of existing information sources, and their equivalent sensors, can provide a wealth of data which, to be useful, must be transformed into actionable knowledge. Approaches based on Information Communication Technologies (ICT) have been shown to be able to help farmers and related stakeholders make decisions on problems by examining large volumes of data while assessing multiple criteria. In this paper, we address the automated identification (and count the instances) of the major threat of olive trees and their fruit, the Bactrocera Oleae (a.k.a. Dacus) based on images of the commonly used McPhail trap’s contents. Accordingly, we introduce the “Dacus Image Recognition Toolkit” (DIRT), a collection of publicly available data, programming code samples and web-services focused at supporting research aiming at the management the Dacus as well as extensive experimentation on the capability of the proposed dataset in identifying Dacuses using Deep Learning methods. Experimental results indicated performance accuracy (mAP) of 91.52% in identifying Dacuses in trap images featuring various pests. Moreover, the results also indicated a trade-off between image attributes affecting detail, file size and complexity of approaches and mAP performance that can be selectively used to better tackle the needs of each usage scenario.

scholarly journals Gene Pyramiding for Sustainable Crop Improvement against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Dormatey ◽  
Chao Sun ◽  
Kazim Ali ◽  
Jeffrey A. Coulter ◽  
Zhenzhen Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Pest Infestation

Sustainable agricultural production is endangered by several ecological factors, such as drought, extreme temperatures, excessive salts, parasitic ailments, and insect pest infestation. These challenging environmental factors may have adverse effects on future agriculture production in many countries. In modern agriculture, conventional crop-breeding techniques alone are inadequate for achieving the increasing population’s food demand on a sustainable basis. The advancement of molecular genetics and related technologies are promising tools for the selection of new crop species. Gene pyramiding through marker-assisted selection (MAS) and other techniques have accelerated the development of durable resistant/tolerant lines with high accuracy in the shortest period of time for agricultural sustainability. Gene stacking has not been fully utilized for biotic stress resistance development and quality improvement in most of the major cultivated crops. This review emphasizes on gene pyramiding techniques that are being successfully deployed in modern agriculture for improving crop tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses for sustainable crop improvement.

The potential of herbaceous native Australian legumes as grain crops: a review

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay W. Bell ◽  
Richard G. Bennett ◽  
Megan H. Ryan ◽  
Heather Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractMany agricultural systems around the world are challenged by declining soil resources, a dry climate and increases in input costs. The cultivation of plants that are better adapted than current crop species to nutrient poor soils, a dry climate and low-input agricultural systems would aid the continued profitability and environmental sustainability of agricultural systems. This paper examines herbaceous native Australian legumes for their capacity to be developed as grain crops adapted to dry environments. The 14 genera that contain herbaceous species areCanavalia, Crotalaria, Cullen, Desmodium, Glycine, Glycyrrhiza, Hardenbergia, Indigofera, Kennedia, Lotus, Rhynchosia, Swainsona, TrigonellaandVigna. A number of these genera (e.g.,Glycine, Crotalaria, TrigonellaandVigna) include already cultivated exotic grain legumes. Species were evaluated based on the extent to which their natural distribution corresponded to arid and semi-arid climatic regions, as well as the existing information on traits related to harvestability (uniformity of ripening, propensity to retain pod, pod shattering and growth habit), grain qualities (seed size, chemistry, color and the absence of toxins) and fecundity. Published data on seed yield were rare, and for many other traits information was limited. The Australian species ofVigna,CanavaliaandDesmodiummainly have tropical distributions and were considered poorly suited for semi-arid temperate cropping systems. Of the remaining generaGlycyrrhizaandCrotalariaspecies showed many suitable traits, including an erect growth habit, a low propensity to shatter, flowers and fruits borne at the end of branches and moderate to large seeds (5 and 38 mg, respectively). The species for which sufficient information was available that were considered highest priority for further investigation wereGlycine canescens, Cullen tenax, Swainsona canescens, Swainsona colutoides, Trigonella suavissima, Kennedia prorepens, Glycyrrhiza acanthocarpa, Crotalaria cunninghamiiandRhynchosia minima.

Agriculture Biogeography

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Katinas ◽  
Jorge V Crisci
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Agriculture Systems ◽  
The Relationship

The challenge of increasing food production to keep pace with demand, while retaining the essential ecological integrity of production systems, requires coordinated action among science disciplines. Thus, 21st-century Agriculture should incorporate disciplines related to natural resources, environmental science, and life sciences. Biogeography, as one of those disciplines, provides a unique contribution because it can generate research ideas and methods that can be used to ameliorate this challenge, with the concept of relative space providing the conceptual and analytical framework within which data can be integrated, related, and structured into a whole. A new branch of Biogeography, Agriculture Biogeography, is proposed here and defined as the application of the principles, theories, and analyses of Biogeography to agricultural systems, including all human activities related to breeding or cultivation, mostly to provide goods and services. It not only encompasses the problem that land use seems scarcely to be compatible with biodiversity conservation, but also a substantial body of theory and analysis involving subjects not strictly related to conservation. Our aim is to define the field and scope of Agriculture Biogeography, set the foundations of a conceptual framework of the discipline, and present some subjects related to Agriculture Biogeography. We present, in summary form, a concept map which summarizes the relationship between agriculture systems and Biogeography, and delineates the current engagement between Agriculture and Biogeography through the discussion of some perspectives from Biogeography and from the agriculture research.

scholarly journals Gene Pyramiding for Sustainable Crop Improvement against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Dormatey ◽  
Chao Sun ◽  
Kazim Ali ◽  
Jeffrey A Coulter ◽  
Zhenzhen Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Pest Infestation

Sustainable agricultural production is endangered by several ecological factors such as drought, extreme temperatures, excessive salts, parasitic ailments, and insect pest infestation. These challenging environmental factors may have adverse effects on future agriculture production in many countries. In modern agriculture, conventional crop breeding techniques alone are inadequate for achieving the increasing population’s food demand on a sustainable basis. The advancement of molecular genetics and related technologies are promising tools for the selection of new crop species. Gene pyramiding through marker assisted selection (MAS) and other techniques have accelerated the development of durable resistant/tolerant lines with high accuracy in the shortest possible period of time for agricultural sustainability. Gene stacking has not been fully utilized for biotic stress resistance development and quality improvement in most of the major cultivated crops. This review emphasizes on gene pyramiding techniques that are being successfully deployed in modern agriculture for improving crop tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses for sustainable crop improvement.

scholarly journals New-generative agriculture – based on science, informed by research and honed by New Zealand farmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Rowarth ◽  
Michael Manning ◽  
Ants Roberts ◽  
Warren King
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Regenerative Agriculture

Highlights Regenerative agriculture is being promoted as a way to produce food sustainably while building soil carbon under high residual rotational grazing and minimising environmental impact. Research indicates that the environmental impact of conventional agricultural systems is generally lower than for alternative systems per unit of food production and sometimes per hectare. Soil carbon is higher under well-managed intensive grazing than under extensively managed systems. Adopting non-optimal grazing management decreases pasture quality and increases GHG and N losses. New Zealand has developed optimal rotational grazing and has soils with high organic-matter contents. Rather than adopting a concept developed overseas which has a fluid definition, New Zealand could promote New-generative agriculture… encapsulating what is already being done.

scholarly journals The pollution of GroundWater with Nitrogen Fertilizers in Al-Mazraa/ Homs/ Syria

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Safaa Aldeeb ◽  
Ihab Abdallah ◽  
Aber Mohmmad
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Area

This study was conducted in Al-Mazraa/ Homs/ Syria, which is an agricultural area with highpopulation. Most farmers there use Nitrogen as a fertilizer, which leads to pollute the underground waterwith Nitrates, and consequently the wells which are used for drinking. Data of water chemical tests for 10years was gathered and analyzed, the research showed that using Nitrogen fertilizer is the responsible forunderground water pollution. The results confirmed the importance of analyzing the soil before fertilizingand to define the Nitrate in it. The soil in the area is very permeable, as the Nitrate is a quick soluble, so itis not preferable to be used as a fertilizer and other fertilizers must be used. as a result, depending on newirrigation methods are preferable for fertilizing. The research recommends growing crops that do not needNitrogen fertilizers to save the prevent the pollution of underground water.

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