Glyoxalases and stress tolerance in plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charanpreet Kaur ◽  
Ajit Ghosh ◽  
Ashwani Pareek ◽  
Sudhir K. Sopory ◽  
Sneh L. Singla-Pareek
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Multigene Family ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Plant Stress Tolerance ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

The glyoxalase pathway is required for detoxification of cytotoxic metabolite MG (methylglyoxal) that would otherwise increase to lethal concentrations under adverse environmental conditions. Since its discovery 100 years ago, several roles have been assigned to glyoxalases, but, in plants, their involvement in stress response and tolerance is the most widely accepted role. The plant glyoxalases have emerged as multigene family and this expansion is considered to be important from the perspective of maintaining a robust defence machinery in these sessile species. Glyoxalases are known to be differentially regulated under stress conditions and their overexpression in plants confers tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. In the present article, we review the importance of glyoxalases in plants, discussing possible roles with emphasis on involvement of the glyoxalase pathway in plant stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Phylogenetics of Molecular Regulators Contributing to Plant Stress Tolerance

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Xiang Yu ◽  
Yan Bao
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Homologous Gene ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Functional Conservation ◽  
Plant Stress Tolerance

Genetic studies on model plants and crops in the last few decades have uncovered numerous genes that play vital roles in plant tolerance to adverse environments. These genes could be used as targets for genetic engineering to improve plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Recent advances in CRISPR-based genome editing have accelerated modern plant breeding and wild-species domestication. However, the stress regulators in many crops and horticultural cultivars and their wild species remain largely unexplored. Thus, transferring the accumulated knowledge of these molecular regulators from model plants to a wider range of other species is critical for modern plant breeding. Phylogenetic analysis is one of the powerful strategies for studying the functional conservation and diversity of homologous gene families among different species with complete genome sequences available. In addition, many transcriptome datasets of plants under stress conditions have been publicly released, providing a useful resource for addressing the stress response of given gene families. This Special Issue aims to illustrate the phylogenetics of molecular regulators with potential in contributing to plant stress tolerance and their stress response diversity in multiple non-model plants.

scholarly journals Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (BADH) vs. Flavodoxin (Fld): Two Important Genes for Enhancing Plants Stress Tolerance and Productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Niazian ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Sadat-Noori ◽  
Masoud Tohidfar ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Mortazavian ◽  
Paolo Sabbatini
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Betaine Aldehyde ◽  
Plant Stress Tolerance

Abiotic stresses, mainly salinity and drought, are the most important environmental threats that constrain worldwide food security by hampering plant growth and productivity. Plants cope with the adverse effects of these stresses by implementing a series of morpho-physio-biochemical adaptation mechanisms. Accumulating effective osmo-protectants, such as proline and glycine betaine (GB), is one of the important plant stress tolerance strategies. These osmolytes can trigger plant stress tolerance mechanisms, which include stress signal transduction, activating resistance genes, increasing levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, protecting cell osmotic pressure, enhancing cell membrane integrity, as well as protecting their photosynthetic apparatus, especially the photosystem II (PSII) complex. Genetic engineering, as one of the most important plant biotechnology methods, helps to expedite the development of stress-tolerant plants by introducing the key tolerance genes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of osmolytes into plants. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) is one of the important genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of GB, and its introduction has led to an increased tolerance to a variety of abiotic stresses in different plant species. Replacing down-regulated ferredoxin at the acceptor side of photosystem I (PSI) with its isofunctional counterpart electron carrier (flavodoxin) is another applicable strategy to strengthen the photosynthetic apparatus of plants under stressful conditions. Heterologous expression of microbially-sourced flavodoxin (Fld) in higher plants compensates for the deficiency of ferredoxin expression and enhances their stress tolerance. BADH and Fld are multifunctional transgenes that increase the stress tolerance of different plant species and maintain their production under stressful situations by protecting and enhancing their photosynthetic apparatus. In addition to increasing stress tolerance, both BADH and Fld genes can improve the productivity, symbiotic performance, and longevity of plants. Because of the multigenic and complex nature of abiotic stresses, the concomitant delivery of BADH and Fld transgenes can lead to more satisfying results in desired plants, as these two genes enhance plant stress tolerance through different mechanisms, and their cumulative effect can be much more beneficial than their individual ones. The importance of BADH and Fld genes in enhancing plant productivity under stress conditions has been discussed in detail in the present review.

scholarly journals The Role of Phyto-Melatonin and Related Metabolites in Response to Stress

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Yan Lv ◽  
Yana Shi ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Yanchun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Photosynthesis Inhibition ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Plant Stress Tolerance ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Catabolism Pathway

Plant hormone candidate melatonin has been widely studied in plants under various stress conditions, such as heat, cold, salt, drought, heavy metal, and pathogen attack. Under stress, melatonin usually accumulates sharply by modulating its biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. Beginning from the precursor tryptophan, four consecutive enzymes mediate the biosynthesis of tryptamine or 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, N-acetylserotonin or 5-methoxytryptamine, and melatonin. Then, the compound is catabolized into 2-hydroxymelatonin, cyclic-3-hydroxymelatonin, and N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxyknuramine through 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase catalysis or reaction with reactive oxygen species. As an ancient and powerful antioxidant, melatonin directly scavenges ROS induced by various stress conditions. Furthermore, it confreres stress tolerance by activating the plant’s antioxidant system, alleviating photosynthesis inhibition, modulating transcription factors that are involved with stress resisting, and chelating and promoting the transport of heavy metals. Melatonin is even proven to defense against pathogen attacks for the plant by activating other stress-relevant hormones, like salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid. Intriguingly, other precursors and metabolite molecules involved with melatonin also can increase stress tolerance for plant except for unconfirmed 5-methoxytryptamine, cyclic-3-hydroxymelatonin, and N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxyknuramine. Therefore, the precursors and metabolites locating at the whole biosynthesis and catabolism pathway of melatonin could contribute to plant stress resistance, thus providing a new perspective for promoting plant stress tolerance.

scholarly journals The Multiple Roles of Ascorbate in the Abiotic Stress Response of Plants: Antioxidant, Cofactor, and Regulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minggang Xiao ◽  
Zixuan Li ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
Jiayi Wang ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Plant Stress Response ◽  
Plant Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Abiotic Stress

Ascorbate (ASC) plays a critical role in plant stress response. The antioxidant role of ASC has been well-studied, but there are still several confusing questions about the function of ASC in plant abiotic stress response. ASC can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and should be helpful for plant stress tolerance. But in some cases, increasing ASC content impairs plant abiotic stress tolerance, whereas, inhibiting ASC synthesis or regeneration enhances plant stress tolerance. This confusing phenomenon indicates that ASC may have multiple roles in plant abiotic stress response not just as an antioxidant, though many studies more or less ignored other roles of ASC in plant. In fact, ACS also can act as the cofactor of some enzymes, which are involved in the synthesis, metabolism, and modification of a variety of substances, which has important effects on plant stress response. In addition, ASC can monitor and effectively regulate cell redox status. Therefore, we believe that ASC has atleast triple roles in plant abiotic stress response: as the antioxidant to scavenge accumulated ROS, as the cofactor to involve in plant metabolism, or as the regulator to coordinate the actions of various signal pathways under abiotic stress. The role of ASC in plant abiotic stress response is important and complex. The detail role of ASC in plant abiotic stress response should be analyzed according to specific physiological process in specific organ. In this review, we discuss the versatile roles of ASC in the response of plants to abiotic stresses.

Emerging Role of Polyamines in Plant Stress Tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1114-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Khajuria ◽  
Nandni Sharma ◽  
Renu Bhardwaj ◽  
Puja Ohri
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Plant Stress Tolerance

scholarly journals Osmolytes: Proline metabolism in plants as sensors of abiotic stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2079-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashu Singh ◽  
Manoj Kumar Sharma ◽  
R. S. Sengar
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Metal Chelator ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Plant Stress Tolerance ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Research Pattern

Proline accumulation occurs in a large range of plant species in retaliation to the numerous abiotic stresses. An exclusive research pattern suggests there is a pragmatic relation between proline accumulation and plant stress tolerance. In this review, we will discuss the metabolism of proline accumulation and its role in stress tolerance in plants. Pertaining to the literature cited clearly indicates that not only does it acts as an osmolyte, it also plays important roles during stress as a metal chelator and an antioxidative defence molecule. Moreover, when applied exogenously at low concentrations, proline enhanced stress tolerance in plants. However, some reports point out adverse effects of proline when applied at higher doses. Role of proline gene in seed germination, flowering and other developmental programmes; thus creation of transgene overexpressing this gene would provide better and robust plants. In this context this review gives a detailed account of different proline gene over-expressed in all the trans-genic crops so far.

Genomic approaches to plant stress tolerance

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C Cushman ◽  
Hans J Bohnert
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Plant Stress Tolerance
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