Type-2 diabetes, a co-morbidity in Covid-19: does insulin signaling matter?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devanshi Mishra ◽  
Chinmoy Sankar Dey
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Co Morbidity

Type-2 Diabetes is associated with one of the co-morbidities due to SARS-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2) infection. Clinical studies show out of control glucose levels in SARS-Cov2 infected patients with type-2 diabetes. There is no experimental evidence suggesting aberrant molecular pathway(s) that explains why SARS-Cov2 infected patients with type-2 diabetes have uncontrolled glucose homeostasis and are co-morbid. In this article, we have highlighted major proteins involved in SARS-Cov2 infection, like, ACE 2, proteases like, TMPRSS2, Furin and their connectivity to insulin signaling molecules like, PI3K, Akt, AMPK, MAPK, mTOR, those regulate glucose homeostasis and the possible outcome of that cross-talk. We also raised concerns about the effect of anti-SARS-Cov2 drugs on patients with type-2 diabetes with reference to insulin signaling and the outcome of their possible cross-talk. There are no studies to decipher the possibilities of these obvious cross-talks. The major objective of this article is to urge the scientific community to explore the possibility of determining whether derangement of insulin signaling could be one of the possible causes of the patients with type-2 diabetes being co-morbid due to SARS-Cov2 infection.

scholarly journals Joint Effect of Insulin Signaling Genes on Insulin Secretion and Glucose Homeostasis

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. E1143-E1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Prudente ◽  
Eleonora Morini ◽  
Lorella Marselli ◽  
Roberto Baratta ◽  
Massimiliano Copetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
The United States ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Functional Polymorphisms

Context: Reduced insulin signaling in insulin secreting β-cells causes defective insulin secretion and hyperglycemia in mice. Objective: We investigated whether functional polymorphisms affecting insulin signaling (ie, ENPP1 K121Q, rs1044498; IRS1 G972R, rs1801278; and TRIB3 Q84R, rs2295490) exert a joint effect on insulin secretion and abnormal glucose homeostasis (AGH). Design: Insulin secretion was evaluated by 1) the disposition index (DI) from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 829 individuals; 2) insulin secretion stimulation index (SI) in islets from nondiabetic donors after glucose (n = 92) or glibenclamide (n = 89) stimulation. AGH (including impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes; T2D) was evaluated in case-control studies from the GENetics of Type 2 Diabetes in Italy and the United States (GENIUS T2D) Consortium (n = 6607). Results: Genotype risk score, obtained by totaling individual weighted risk allele effects, was associated with the following: 1) DI (P = .005); 2) glucose and glibenclamide SI (P = .046 and P = .009); or 3) AGH (odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.13; P = .001). We observed an inverse relationship between genetic effect and age at AGH onset, as indicated by a linear correlation between AGH-genotype risk score odds ratios and age-at-diagnosis cutoffs (R2 = 0.80, P < .001). Conclusions: Functional polymorphisms affecting insulin signaling exert a joint effect on both in vivo and in vitro insulin secretion as well as on early-onset AGH. Our data provide further evidence that abnormal insulin signaling reduces β-cell function and impairs glucose homeostasis.

scholarly journals Exercise Training-Induced Changes in MicroRNAs: Beneficial Regulatory Effects in Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes, and Obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Improta Caria ◽  
Carolina Nonaka ◽  
Ciro Pereira ◽  
Milena Soares ◽  
Simone Macambira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Regulatory Effects

MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They are involved in the regulation of physiological processes, such as adaptation to physical exercise, and also in disease settings, such as systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and obesity. In SAH, microRNAs play a significant role in the regulation of key signaling pathways that lead to the hyperactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, proliferation, and phenotypic change in smooth muscle cells, and the hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system. MicroRNAs are also involved in the regulation of insulin signaling and blood glucose levels in T2D, and participate in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, and adipocyte differentiation in obesity, with specific microRNA signatures involved in the pathogenesis of each disease. Many studies report the benefits promoted by exercise training in cardiovascular diseases by reducing blood pressure, glucose levels, and improving insulin signaling and lipid metabolism. The molecular mechanisms involved, however, remain poorly understood, especially regarding the participation of microRNAs in these processes. This review aimed to highlight microRNAs already known to be associated with SAH, T2D, and obesity, as well as their possible regulation by exercise training.

Adipose tissue: an endocrine organ playing a role in metabolic regulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Booth ◽  
Aaron Magnuson ◽  
Josephine Fouts ◽  
Michelle T. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Endocrine Organ

AbstractAdipose tissue is a complex endocrine organ with an intricate role in whole body homeostasis. Beyond storing energy, adipose tissue is fundamental in numerous processes including, but not limited to, metabolism, food intake and immune cell function. Adipokines and cytokines are the signaling factors from adipose tissue. These factors play a role in maintaining health, but are also candidates for pathologies associated with obesity. Indeed excessive adiposity causes dysregulation of these factors which negatively affect health and contribute to numerous obesity-induced co-morbidities. In particular, adipokines are fundamental in regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling, thus aberrant production of these adipose derived hormones correlates with the development and progression of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, elucidation of adipose regulation is crucial for understanding the pathophysiological basis of obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. In the present review, we summarize current data on the relation between adipokines and adipose depot derived cytokines in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Specifically, physiological and molecular functions of several adipokines are defined with particular focus on interactions within the insulin-signaling pathway and subsequent regulation of glucose uptake in both standard and obesity-induced dysregulated conditions. This same relation will be discussed for cytokines and inflammation as well.

Pharmacological Neprilysin Inhibition Improves Glucose Homeostasis in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1825-P ◽  
Author(s):  
JACQUELINE H. PARILLA ◽  
STEVE MONGOVIN ◽  
BREANNE BARROW ◽  
NATHALIE ESSER ◽  
SAKENEH ZRAIKA
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Neprilysin Inhibition

Effect of High ß-Glucan Barley on Postprandial Plasma Glucose Levels in Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance and Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 772-P
Author(s):  
MARIKO HIGA ◽  
AYANA HASHIMOTO ◽  
MOE HAYASAKA ◽  
MAI HIJIKATA ◽  
AYAMI UEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Glucose

151-OR: Radiologic Evidence that Hypothalamic Tissue Is Abnormal in Adults with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes or Impaired Glucose Homeostasis

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 151-OR
Author(s):  
JENNIFER L. ROSENBAUM ◽  
LETICIA E. SEWAYBRICKER ◽  
SUCHITRA CHANDRASEKARAN ◽  
MARY ROSALYNN DE LEON ◽  
MARY WEBB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Hypothalamic Tissue ◽  
Radiologic Evidence

Efeitos dos Programas de Treinamento Aeróbio, de Força e Combinado na Glicose Sanguínea em Diabéticos do Tipo 2: uma Revisão Sistemática/ Effects of Aerobic, Strength and Combined Programs Training on Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetic: a Systematic Review.

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre de Souza E Silva ◽  
Maria Paula Gonçalves Mota
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Pubmed Database

O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os estudos que avaliaram os efeitos dos programas de treinamento aeróbio, força e combinado nos níveis de glicose sanguínea em indivíduos com diabetes do tipo 2. Foi utilizado o método de revisão sistemática, sendo utilizada a base de dados PubMed. As palavras chaves utilizadas para pesquisa foram training and diabetes. Foram identificados 484 artigos originais. Apenas 17 estudos respeitaram os critérios de inclusão. Os resultados evidenciam que os programas de treinamento aeróbio diminuíram os níveis de glicose. O programa de treinamento de força também foi favorável à diminuição dos níveis de glicose sanguínea. Já o programa de treinamento combinado não demonstrou efeitos favoráveis no controle da glicose sanguínea. Conclui-se que o programa de treinamento aeróbio e de força ajudam a controlar os níveis de glicose sanguínea em indivíduos com diabetes do tipo 2. Palavras-chave: diabetes mellitus, treinamento, glicose.ABSTRACTThe study aims to analyze the studies that evaluated the effects of aerobic, strength and combined programs training in blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes. We used a systematic review method and is used to PubMed database. The key words used for searching were training and diabetes. We identified 484 original articles. Only 17 studies complied with the inclusion criteria. The results show that aerobic training programs decreased glucose levels. The strength training program was also favorable to decrease in blood glucose levels. But the combined training program has not shown favorable effects on blood glucose control. We conclude that the aerobic training and strength helps control blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, training, glucose.

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