The Demonstration of Sialic Acid in Kidney Stone Matrix

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Melick ◽  
K. J. Quelch ◽  
M. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Insoluble Material ◽  
Organic Matrices ◽  
Fine Particulate Material ◽  
Stone Matrix

1. The organic matrices of 12 kidney stones containing calcium and two composed of uric acid were solubilized, with ethylenediaminetetra-acetate for the former and sodium hydroxide for the latter. 2. The solubilized matrices and residual fine particulate material were examined for sialic acid by the thiobarbituric acid method. 3. Sialic acid was found in every stone in either the soluble and/or insoluble material. 4. The identity of sialic acid was confirmed by the absorption spectrum of the colour produced and by its release from the protein by neuraminidase. 5. The presence of sialic acid in all stones despite widely varying composition suggests that it may be passively deposited.

scholarly journals Indoor, outdoor and ICU Environment monitoring of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia Villa Santos ◽  
Dunia Waked ◽  
Zofia Wicik ◽  
Michele Soares Gomes-Gouvêa ◽  
João Renato Rebello Pinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments ◽  
Fine Particulate Material ◽  
Collection Time ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Abstract The disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which originated in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 spread rapidly, causing a high number of deaths worldwide. The difficult ability to contain the transmission of the disease raised doubts about the possible forms of contamination. Studies have shown an increase in new cases of the disease on days when the level of pollution was high, raising questions that pollutants may be carriers of the virus. In this study, we investigated the involvement of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in virus loading in common circulation (indoor and outdoor) environments and in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a hospital. PM2.5 was collected from May to November 2020, and the collection time per day was 48 to 72 h. After collection, the material was stored at a temperature of -80°C until the moment of analysis. Our results demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 can be found in fine particulate material (PM2.5), but there is an essential interference of temperature, humidity and UV rays in the preservation of viral RNA.

The mineralogical composition of coarse and fine particulate material, their fate, and sources in an industrialized region of southeastern Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 194 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elson Silva Galvão ◽  
Jane Meri Santos ◽  
Neyval Costa Reis Junior ◽  
Rita de Cassia Feroni ◽  
Marcos Tadeu D’Azeredo Orlando
Keyword(s):  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Fine Particulate Material

Sources of Fine Particulate Material along the Wasatch Front

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell W. Long ◽  
Rachel Smith ◽  
Scott Smith ◽  
Norman L. Eatough ◽  
Nolan F. Mangelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Material ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Wasatch Front ◽  
Fine Particulate Material

scholarly journals LOCALIZATION OF UROMUCOID IN HUMAN KIDNEY AND IN SECTIONS OF HUMAN KIDNEY STONE WITH THE FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. KEUTEL
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Common

Fluorescent labeled antibodies were used for the demonstration of uromucoid. This urine specific mucoprotein is demonstrably present only in the epithelial cells of the proximal segments of the normal human renal tubules and in the matrix of human kidney stones of all the common crystalline compositions.

scholarly journals Proteomic analysis reveals some common proteins in the kidney stone matrix

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11872
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Yang ◽  
Senyuan Hong ◽  
Cong Li ◽  
Jiaqiao Zhang ◽  
Henglong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Protein Z ◽  
Kegg Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stone Matrix

Background Proteins are the most abundant component of kidney stone matrices and their presence may reflect the process of the stone’s formation. Many studies have explored the proteomics of urinary stones and crystals. We sought to comprehensively identify the proteins found in kidney stones and to identify new, reliable biomolecules for use in nephrolithiasis research. Methods We conducted bioinformatics research in November 2020 on the proteomics of urinary stones and crystals. We used the ClusterProfiler R package to transform proteins into their corresponding genes and Ensembl IDs. In each study we located where proteomic results intersected to determine the 20 most frequently identified stone matrix proteins. We used the Human Protein Atlas to obtain the biological information of the 20 proteins and conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analysis to explore their biological functions. We also performed immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of the top five stone matrix proteins in renal tissue. Results We included 19 relevant studies for analysis. We then identified 1,409 proteins in the stone matrix after the duplicates were removed. The 20 most-commonly identified stone matrix proteins were: S100A8, S100A9, uromodulin, albumin, osteopontin, lactotransferrin, vitamin K-dependent protein Z, prothrombin, hemoglobin subunit beta, myeloperoxidase, mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2, lysozyme C, complement C3, serum amyloid P-component, cathepsin G, vitronectin, apolipoprotein A-1, eosinophil cationic protein, fibrinogen alpha chain, and apolipoprotein D. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that these proteins were typically engaged in inflammation and immune response.Immunohistochemistry of the top five stone matrix proteins in renal tissue showed that the expression of S100A8, S100A9, and osteopontin increased, while uromodulin decreased in kidney stone patients. Albumin was rarely expressed in the kidney with no significant difference between healthy controls and kidney stone patients. Conclusion Proteomic analysis revealed some common inflammation-related proteins in the kidney stone matrix. The role of these proteins in stone formation should be explored for their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for urolithiasis.

Evaluation of the Relationship between Perirenal Fat Volume and Nephrolithiasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat Tastemur ◽  
Samet Senel ◽  
Esin Olcucuoglu ◽  
Emre Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fat Volume ◽  
Perirenal Fat

Objective: To examine the relation between perirenal fat volume, which is one of the visceral fat measurements, and kidney stones. Method: 169 patients admitted to our clinic between January 2018 and May 2021 were included in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups as Control Group and Unilateral Kidney Stone Group (88 patients with unilateral kidney stones). Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography scans were used to measure perirenal fat volume and the results were transferred to workstations. The total perirenal fat volumes in the bilateral kidneys of patients were compared between the two groups. The perirenal fat volume in stone-bearing and non-stone bearing kidneys of patients were also compared. Results: The total perirenal fat volume was higher in the Unilateral Kidney Stone Group than in the other groups and the perirenal fat volume of the patients in this group was higher in the stone bearing kidney (295.6±164.4cm3) than in the non-stone bearing kidney (273.1±179.6cm3). In the ROC analysis, it was concluded that total perirenal fat volume>387cm3 increased the risk of kidney stones. Presence of hypertension, presence of hyperlipidemia and total perirenal fat volume>387cm3 were found to be independent risk factors for the presence of kidney stones. Conclusion: Perirenal fat volume is higher in stone bearing kidneys compared to non-stone bearing kidneys. Therefore, stone formation in a kidney is directly related to the perirenal fat volume of that kidney. Also, total perirenal fat volume>387cm3 increases the risk of kidney stones independently of body mass index, and predicts it better.

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