Effect of Adrenalectomy on the Development of Isolation-Induced Hypertension in Rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Gardiner ◽  
K. E. Milmer ◽  
T. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Fluid Retention ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

1. Male Wistar rats develop systolic arterial hypertension when housed in glass metabolism cages. The present experiments were designed to investigate the involvement of the adrenal glands in this form of hypertension. 2. Rats were bilaterally adrenalectomized and maintained by either salt supplementation (1% sodium chloride solution instead of tap water to drink) or steroid replacement (corticosterone solution in the drinking water). 3. Adrenalectomized rats treated as above did not develop hypertension in response to isolation, whereas sham-operated rats (drinking either 1% saline or tap water) did. 4. Hypertension in the sham-operated rats was not accompanied by a renal retention of sodium and water. 5. It is concluded that increased adrenal activity is involved in the development of isolation-induced hypertension, but not by causing a fluid retention and hence volume expansion. The relative contributions of adrenal medullary and cortical activity remain to be determined.

scholarly journals Use of Silica Fume and GGBS to Improve Frost Resistance of ECC with High-Volume Fly Ash

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yushi Liu ◽  
Xiaoming Zhou ◽  
Chengbo Lv ◽  
Yingzi Yang ◽  
Tianan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Dynamic Elastic Modulus ◽  
Freeze Thaw

Fly ash (FA) has been an important ingredient for engineered cementitious composite (ECC) with excellent tensile strain capacity and multiple cracking. Unfortunately, the frost resistance of ECC with high-volume FA has always been a problem. This paper discusses the influence of silica fume (SF) and ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) on the frost resistance of ECC with high volume of FA. Four ECC mixtures, ECC (50% FA), ECC (70% FA), ECC (30% FA + 40% SL), and ECC (65% FA + 5% SF), are evaluated by freezing-thawing cycles up to 200 cycles in tap water and sodium chloride solution. The result shows the relative dynamic elastic modulus and mass loss of ECC in sodium chloride solution by freeze-thaw cycles are larger than those in tap water by freeze-thaw cycles. Moreover, the relative dynamic elastic modulus and mass loss of ECC by freeze-thaw cycles increase with FA content increasing. However, the ECC (30% FA + 40% SL) shows a lower relative dynamic elastic modulus and mass loss, but its deflection upon four-point bending test is relatively smaller before and after freeze-thaw cycles. By contrast, the ECC (65% FA + 5% SF) exhibits a significant deflection increase with higher first cracking load, and the toughness increases sharply after freeze-thaw cycles, meaning ECC has good toughness property.

scholarly journals Antihypertensive effect of methanol leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale against L‐Nitro Arginine Methyl Ester (L‐NAME)‐induced hypertension in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Adebowale Benard Saba ◽  
Adedeji Kolawole Adebayo ◽  
Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi ◽  
Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale ◽  
Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

scholarly journals Effect of different types of stress on adrenal gland parameters and adrenal hormones in the blood serum of male Wistar rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Adzic ◽  
Ana Djordjevic ◽  
Jelena Djordjevic ◽  
Ana Niciforovic ◽  
Marija Radojcic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Adrenal Hormones ◽  
General Adaptation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

In the present study, we examined gross changes in the mass of whole adrenal glands and that of the adrenal cortex and medulla in mature male Wistar rats subjected to three different stress types: acute, chronic, and combined, i.e., chronic followed by acute stress. These parameters were correlated with adrenal activity as judged from serum levels of corticosterone and catecholamine, respectively, as well as with serum levels of ACTH and glucose. Under all three conditions, we observed bilaterally asymmetric and stress-type-independent hypertrophy of whole adrenals, as well as adrenal cortices and medullas. Under acute and combined stress, adrenal hypertrophy was followed by increase of adrenal hormones in the blood serum. However, under chronic stress, both cortical and medullar activities as judged from low or unaltered levels of the respective hormones and glucose were compromised and disconnected from the input signal of ACTH. Since all of the studied adrenal activities could be restored by subsequent acute stress, it is concluded that chronic isolation can be viewed as partly maladaptive stress with characteristics resembling stress resistance rather than the stress exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

Sexual stimulant effects of the mixture of Mondia whitei, Dracaena arborea, and Bridelia ferruginea in normal and prediabetic male Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Watcho ◽  
Marc-Aurèle Tchuenchie Gatchueng ◽  
Patrick Brice Defo Deeh ◽  
Modeste Wankeu-Nya ◽  
Esther Ngadjui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sildenafil Citrate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Bridelia Ferruginea ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Intromission Frequency ◽  
Performance Enhancers

Abstract Background We investigated the effects of a polyherbal formulation prepared from the extracts of Mondia whitei (Periplocaceae), Dracaena arborea (Dracaenaceae), and Bridelia ferruginea (Euphorbiaceae) (MDB) on the sexual behavior of normal rats (NR) and prediabetic rats (PR). Methods Male Wistar rats were administered with drinking fructose solution (21%) or tap water for 16 weeks. After induction of prediabetic status, NR (n = 30) and PR (n = 30) were randomly distributed into 10 groups of six animals each and orally treated with distilled water (10 mL/kg), sildenafil citrate (5 mg/kg), or MDB (50, 100, or 500 mg/kg) for 21 days. Sexual behavior parameters per series (S) of ejaculation were evaluated on days 1, 7, 14, and 21. Results Drinking fructose solution (21%) induced prediabetic status in rats, characterized by a significant (p < 0.01) increase in glycemia by 43.41% compared with the control group. MDB improved sexual performances of NR and PR by increasing the mount frequency (MF) and the intromission frequency (IF) as well as the number of rats capable of ejaculating. For instance, the MF and the IF were significantly increased in animals administered with MDB for 7 (50 mg/kg, S1 and S2), 14 (100 mg/kg, S3), or 21 days (100 or 500 mg/kg, S2). This increase was more pronounced on days 7 and 14 in NR and PR treated with sildenafil citrate or MDB extracts, respectively. Conclusions The mixture of MDB improved sexual activity in NR and PR. This result may further justify the traditional use of these plants as sexual performance enhancers.

Dietary linoleic acid and salt-induced hypertension

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 872-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray C. Macdonald ◽  
Robert L. Kline ◽  
Gordon J. Mogenson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Dietary Linoleic Acid ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Male Wistar rats chronically fed a low level (0.41%) of linoleic acid (LA) in the diet as supplied by 5% olive oil developed a significant elevation of systolic blood pressure as compared with rats fed either a medium (4.2%) or high (9.4%) level of dietary LA. Chronic excess intake of NaCl (3.75% in the diet) was associated with a significant elevation of blood pressure on all three diets but a low level of LA in the diet exaggerated the salt-induced hypertension. The results suggest that inadequate dietary LA may result in an increase in systolic blood pressure regardless of the sodium content of the diet.

scholarly journals Effects of Clofibrate on Salt Loading-Induced Hypertension in Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Cruz ◽  
Isabel Rodríguez-Gómez ◽  
Rocío Pérez-Abud ◽  
Miguel Ángel Vargas ◽  
Rosemary Wangensteen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Blood Pressure Elevation ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

The effects of clofibrate on the hemodynamic and renal manifestations of increased saline intake were analyzed. Four groups of male Wistar rats were treated for five weeks: control, clofibrate (240 mg/kg/day), salt (2% via drinking water), andsalt+clofibrate. Body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded weekly. Finally, SBP, HR, and morphologic, metabolic, plasma, and renal variables were measured. Salt increased SBP, HR, urinary isoprostanes, NOx, ET, vasopressin and proteinuria and reduced plasma freeT4(FT4) and tissueFT4andFT3versus control rats. Clofibrate prevented the increase in SBP produced by salt administration, reduced the sodium balance, and further reduced plasma and tissue thyroid hormone levels. However, clofibrate did not modify the relative cardiac mass, NOx, urinary ET, and vasopressin of saline-loaded rats. In conclusion, chronic clofibrate administration prevented the blood pressure elevation of salt-loaded rats by decreasing sodium balance and reducing thyroid hormone levels.

Impact of Different Sorting Media on the Waste Plastics Separation

2014 ◽  
Vol 692 ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Li ◽  
Yu Wen Guo ◽  
Jiu Li Ruan ◽  
Qi Qiao ◽  
Jian Qiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Calcium Chloride Solution ◽  
Alcohol Solution ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Separation System ◽  
Density Separation

This research established a density separation system by using sorting media such as calcium chloride solution (CaCl2), sodium chloride solution (NaCl) and ethyl alcohol solution (C2H5OH) to study the density separation experiment involving nine different waste plastics. The results showed that PVC(or POM or PET), PC, PA6, PS(or ABS), HDPE and PP could be progressively separated from their mixtures by CaCl2(1.3005g/mL), NaCl (1.1604g/mL), NaCl (1.0861g/mL), tap water (0.9969g/mL) and C2H5OH(0.9039g/mL) with a 100% of sorting rate, respectively.

Abstract 16884: Involvement of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) in Dexamethasone (DEX) Induced Hypertension in Rat

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erminia Donnarumma ◽  
Emma Mitidieri ◽  
Teresa Tramontano ◽  
Vincenzo Brancaleone ◽  
Mariarosaria Bucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Effect Curve ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
H2s Production

Introduction: Glucocorticoid (GC) excess is related to hypertension. The deletion of endothelial GC-receptors abrogates the blood pressure increase, suggesting GC-induced hypertension is endothelium-dependent. In response to shear stress endothelium releases nitric oxide, endothelial derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) and prostacyclin. Recently H2S has been proposed as a candidate for EDHF. H2S is mainly produced by the enzymes cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) from L-cysteine. The aim of this study was to investigate the EDHF/H2S signaling in GC-hypertension. Methods: Male Wistar rats were treated with DEX (1.5 mg/kg/sc) or vehicle (VEH) for 8 days. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was monitored every 2 days. EDHF was evaluated in mesenteric plexus and carotid artery performing a concentration-effect curve of acetylcholine in presence of indomethacin (INDO) and nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Apamin (APA) plus charibdotoxin (CTX), SKCa and BKCa inhibitors, or propargylglycine (PAG), CSE inhibitor, were used. CBS and CSE levels were analyzed by immunoblot. H2S levels were measured by a colorimetric assay. Results: DEX treatment significantly increased SBP compared to VEH (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 at days 2-4, 6, 8 respectively). EDHF-mediated relaxation of mesenteric bed or carotid artery was markedly reduced in DEX group compared to VEH (***p<0.001). APA and CTX as well as PAG abolished EDHF-mediated relaxation in DEX or VEH group (***,°°°p<0.001 respectively). CBS and CSE levels were significantly reduced in mesenteric plexus and carotid artery in DEX group (*p<0.05). The H2S production was markedly reduced in mesenteric plexus and carotid artery (*p<0.05, **p<0.01 respectively) as well as plasmatic H2S levels (*p<0.05) in DEX rats compared to VEH. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that GC-excess induces an impairment of H2S/EDHF signaling indicating an additional cause of GC-mediated hypertension.

scholarly journals The effect of SRIH-14 or octreotide on the morphological characteristics of adrenal medulla using newcast

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Svetlana Trifunovic ◽  
B. Filipovic ◽  
V. Ajdzanovic ◽  
Milica Manojlovic-Stojanoski ◽  
Natasa Nestorovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Vascular Tissues ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Absolute

The effects of chronic treatments with either SRIH-14 or octreotide on the adrenal medulla of male Wistar rats were examined. Adult males received subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of 20 ?g/100 g body weight of either SRIH-14 or octreotide twice a day for 28 consecutive days. The absolute weights and the absolute volumes of the adrenal glands significantly (p<0.05) decreased after either treatment. The adrenal medulla was analyzed by histological and stereological methods using newCAST. Compared to the control, the relative volumes of the vascular tissues significantly (p < 0.05) decreased - by 40% and 25% in the SRIH-14- and octreotide-treated groups, respectively. In the SRIH-14- and octreotide-treated groups the relative volumes of chromaffin and interstitial tissue increased by 6% and 5% (p < 0.05), respectively. These findings show that both SRIH-14 and octreotide affect the morphological characteristics of the adrenal zona medullaris in a similar manner.

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