Human cardiovascular variability, baroreflex and hormonal adaptations to a blood donation

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques-Olivier FORTRAT ◽  
Olivier NASR ◽  
Monique DUVAREILLE ◽  
Claude GHARIB
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Coarse Graining ◽  
Vascular Control ◽  
Cardiovascular Variability ◽  
Before And After

1.We studied cardiovascular variability, baroreflex and blood volume regulating hormones to determine the relative roles of autonomic regulation and hormones during blood donation. 2.The sympathetic response was studied by measuring the R–R interval and systolic blood pressure variability using coarse graining spectral analysis in eight blood donors. Beat-by-beat R–R intervals and blood pressure were recorded for 20 ;min before and 5 ;min after a whole-blood donation of 480±10 ;ml (about 7 ;ml/kg of blood volume, over 4 ;min). Plasma catecholamines, vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide, endothelin, active renin, osmolality, Na+, K+, haemoglobin and haematocrit were measured just before and after blood withdrawal. 3.Blood donation led to increases in the plasma catecholamines (adrenaline, 21±2 versus 35±3 ;pg/ml; noradrenaline, 229±26 versus 323±37 ;pg/ml; dopamine, 34±3 versus 66±9 ;pg/ml) and in systolic blood pressure (130±6 versus 140±5 ;mmHg). These changes were independent of ionic or slow endocrine mechanisms. Heart rate, cardiovascular variability and the spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity did not change despite the increase in blood pressure and catecholamines. Thus the peripheral vascular control was probably involved. 4.We conclude that the absence of any change in heart rate usually observed during non-hypotensive hypovolaemic stress is probably due to the sympathetic activation being counterbalanced by the high supine vagal tone at the heart and not to the heterogeneous nature of the sympathetic neural response or to changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic activity without any change in autonomic balance.

Catecholamines in coronary sinus during exercise in man before and after training

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cousineau ◽  
R. J. Ferguson ◽  
J. de Champlain ◽  
P. Gauthier ◽  
P. Cote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Rate Pressure Product ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Coronary Patients

Coronary patients exercised on an ergometric bicycle before and after physical training. Plasma catecholamines were sampled simultaneously at the arterial and coronary sinus levels and assayed with a radioenzymatic method. The increase in the level of coronary sinus catecholamines exceeded the increase in the arterial level, indicating a liberation of catecholamines by the myocardium and an activation of the peripheral sympathetic fibers during exercise. With high work loads, these values no longer differed, suggesting that the additional increase in circulating catecholamines originate from extra-myocardial stores, presumably the adrenal medulla. Arterial catecholamine levels were significantly correlated with work loads, heart rate, changes in systolic blood pressure, and rate-pressure product. After physical training, arterial catecholamine increases for various work loads were lower; these lower elevations were associated with diminished responses in heart rate and systolic blood pressure, resulting in a lower rate-pressure product. Physical training results in diminished sympathetic responses for a given level of exercise, which could be associated with the clinical improvement of these patients.

scholarly journals Dental anxiety in patients undergoing oral surgery and its effects on blood pressure and heart rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e316985536
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Oliveira Barreto ◽  
Julliana Cariry Palhano Freire ◽  
Arthur Willian de Lima Brasil ◽  
Cristian Statkievicz ◽  
Francisley Ávila Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Evaluation Anxiety

Objective: To assess dental anxiety in patients undergoing oral surgery, as well as its impact on blood pressure and heart rate. Material and Methods: A total of 233 patients answered a socio-demographic questionnaire and another one based on the Corah dental anxiety scale. Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed at three moments while: patients were in the waiting room, immediately before and after the procedure. Results: This study revealed a prevalence of anxiety of 77.3%. There was a statistically significant difference in mean systolic blood pressure and heart rate at the three moments of the evaluation. Anxiety was prevalent in the sample and was observed from the time in the waiting room until the time when local anesthesia was performed, causing variations in systolic blood pressure and heart rate, anxiety levels decreased after the end of the service. In conclusion, we observed that oral surgery is directly related to increased anxiety, and anxiety is mainly related to the change in heart rate.

scholarly journals Heart Rate, Systolic Blood Pressure and Autonomic Nerve Activity Before and After High Intensity Resistance Exercise

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 899-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira SYOUBO ◽  
Toshio SUSAKI ◽  
Noboru HIROSE ◽  
Toshiro OKU ◽  
Kstsuhiko TACHINO
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Autonomic Nerve Activity

Supine exercise restores arterial blood pressure and skin blood flow despite dehydration and hyperthermia

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (2) ◽  
pp. H576-H583 ◽  
Author(s):  
José González-Alonso ◽  
Ricardo Mora-Rodríguez ◽  
Edward F. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Central Blood Volume ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Cutaneous Vascular Conductance

We determined whether the deleterious effects of dehydration and hyperthermia on cardiovascular function during upright exercise were attenuated by elevating central blood volume with supine exercise. Seven trained men [maximal oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 max) 4.7 ± 0.4 l/min (mean ± SE)] cycled for 30 min in the heat (35°C) in the upright and in the supine positions (V˙o 2 2.93 ± 0.27 l/min) while maintaining euhydration by fluid ingestion or while being dehydrated by 5% of body weight after 2 h of upright exercise. When subjects were euhydrated, esophageal temperature (Tes) was 37.8–38.0°C in both body postures. Dehydration caused equal hyperthermia during both upright and supine exercise (Tes = 38.7–38.8°C). During upright exercise, dehydration lowered stroke volume (SV), cardiac output, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and cutaneous vascular conductance and increased heart rate and plasma catecholamines [30 ± 6 ml, 3.0 ± 0.7 l/min, 6 ± 2 mmHg, 22 ± 8%, 14 ± 2 beats/min, and 50–96%, respectively; all P < 0.05]. In contrast, during supine exercise, dehydration did not cause significant alterations in MAP, cutaneous vascular conductance, or plasma catecholamines. Furthermore, supine versus upright exercise attenuated the increases in heart rate (7 ± 2 vs. 9 ± 1%) and the reductions in SV (13 ± 4 vs. 21 ± 3%) and cardiac output (8 ± 3 vs. 14 ± 3%) (all P< 0.05). These results suggest that the decline in cutaneous vascular conductance and the increase in plasma norepinephrine concentration, independent of hyperthermia, are associated with a reduction in central blood volume and a lower arterial blood pressure.

Influence of blood pressure, heart rate, age, and sex on concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor and cyclic GMP in 124 volunteers.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1519-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wencker ◽  
S Hauptlorenz ◽  
W Moll ◽  
B Puschendorf
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Abstract The significance of increased atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in relation to blood pressure and age is still controversial. We investigated the influence of blood pressure, age, and some other variables on ANF and its putative second messenger, cGMP. Samples for ANF and cGMP detection were taken from 124 ostensibly healthy individuals who were donating blood. Samples were also collected from 27 volunteers before and after blood donation, to study the influence of bleeding. During blood donation, ANF increased from 78.9 to 87.4 ng/L (P = 0.0035), whereas cGMP remained unchanged. ANF concentrations in 124 healthy individuals, corrected for the influence of bleeding, were 61.5 (SD 26.1) ng/L, with a 95% confidence interval of 10.0 to 112.1 ng/L. Mean cGMP concentrations in plasma were 2.9 (SD 1.45) nmol/L, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.4 to 5.75 nmol/L. Multivariance analysis revealed no significant influence of blood pressure, age, heart rate, or sex on concentrations of either ANF or cGMP in plasma.

scholarly journals Influence of body length on orthostatic test parameters of student-athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
I.V. Borysenko ◽  
Cretu Marian ◽  
Z.L. Kozina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Orthostatic Test

Aim: to identify the influence of body length on the indicators of vegetative-vascular regulation of student-athletes.  Material and methods. The study involved 42 second-year students who play sports at the amateur level (qualification level - 2-3 sports degree). The following research methods were used in the work: method of analysis of literary sources; method of determining body length; orthostatic test method; method of determining stroke volume and minute blood volume. Results. It was found that the increase in systolic blood pressure during the transition from horizontal to vertical position in students whose body length is above 190, significantly higher than in students whose body length does not exceed 175 cm (p <0.01) diastolic blood pressure, then in students whose body length is above 190 cm, this figure is significantly higher (p <0.01) both horizontally and vertically. The stroke volume of tall (more than 190 cm body length) students in the standing position is significantly less than that of students with a body length of 150-175 cm. There is a significant effect of body length on systolic blood pressure in the standing position, diastolic blood pressure in the supine and standing positions, heart rate in the supine and standing positions, stroke volume in the standing position, minute blood volume in the supine position and standing (p <0,001). The effect of body length on the orthostatic test was also significant for the following data: systolic blood pressure in the vertical position, diastolic blood pressure in the vertical position; change in diastolic blood pressure when changing body position from horizontal to vertical; heart rate in vertical and horizontal positions; change in heart rate during the transition from horizontal to vertical position; stroke volume of blood in the vertical position; change in stroke volume of blood during the transition from horizontal to vertical position; all indicators of minute blood volume. Conclusions. The state of the cardiovascular system of student-athletes is characterized by high fitness. It was found that students with a body length of more than 190 cm have difficulty with vegetative-vascular regulation.  

scholarly journals Impact of winter savory essential oil on the functioning of cardiovascular system of the elderly

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
A. M. Yarosh ◽  
I. A. Batura ◽  
V. V. Tonkovtseva ◽  
F. M. Melikov ◽  
T. R. Bekmambetov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Relaxation Therapy ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Time Periods

Objective. To study the effects of winter savory essential oil on the functioning of cardiovascular system of the elderly. Materials and methods. The study includes 97 women of older age with increased systolic blood pressure, which were divided into control (session of relaxation therapy only), and experimental (session of relaxation therapy combined with aromatherapy of winter savory essential oil) groups. Before and after the sessions, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate of the testees were measured and the following indices were determined: pulse blood pressure, minute blood volume, mean dynamic blood pressure, total peripheral vascular resistance, heart index, systolic index, Robinson index, Kerdo index, circulatory efficiency coefficient. Results. The study found that the use of winter savory essential oil led to a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (exposure for 10 and 30 minutes) and heart rate (all time periods). The values of pulse and average dynamic blood pressure significantly decreased during aromatherapy for 10 or 30 minutes, there was also a significant decrease in the values of minute blood volume after 10 and 30-minute session of aromarelaxation. After 30-minute aromarelaxation there was an increase in the total peripheral vascular resistance. The change of Kerdo index value in the direction of parasympathetic after 30 minutes of aromatherapy was revealed. The value of the coefficient of efficiency of blood circulation significantly decreased after 10 and 30 minutes of aromarelaxation, Robinson index decreased during all time periods of exposure. Conclusion. On the basis of the obtained data, it can be concluded that the essential oil of winter savory has a pronounced normalizing effect on the circulatory function of the elderly women with systolic hypertension.

scholarly journals Redox Changes in Amateur Race Car Drivers Before and After Racing

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (06) ◽  
pp. E212-E219
Author(s):  
Kimberly Bjugstad ◽  
Paul Gutowski ◽  
Jennifer Pekarek ◽  
Pamela Bourg ◽  
Charles Mains ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Race Car ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Race Car Drivers ◽  
Static Oxidation

AbstractDespite the unique opportunity race car driving provides to study exercise in extreme conditions, the sport of racing is under-represented. A better understanding of how racing changes physiological measures combined with driver demographics may help reduce driver risks and expand the field of driver science. This study charted the changes in heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, static oxidation reduction potential (sORP), and antioxidant capacity in drivers before and after racing (n=23). The interaction between racing and driver characteristics on physiological variables were evaluated. Heart rate, body temperature, and sORP were elevated after racing (P<0.05). Age, cockpit temperature, experience, and speed did not correlate with physiological or oxidative measures (P>0.05). Elevated post-race sORP values were associated with higher pre-race systolic blood pressure and lower antioxidant capacity (P<0.05). We conclude that racing alters the redox response in drivers and that drivers’ pre-race systolic blood pressure and antioxidant capacity can further alter it. A better understanding of the physical and oxidative changes which result from racing may help minimize the unique risks

β-Adrenoceptor responsiveness and plasma catecholamines as determinants of cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Eisenhofer ◽  
D. G. Lambie ◽  
R. H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses ◽  
Electronic Game

1. Twenty-five normotensive men were subjected to two periods of mental stress involving a cognitive task and a competitive electronic game. Plasma catecholamines, heart rate and blood pressure were measured before and during mental stress. Responsiveness to β-adrenoceptor stimulation was also determined in each subject by measurement of heart rate responses to bolus injections of isoprenaline. 2. Both periods of mental stress were associated with significant increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate and plasma adrenaline, but not plasma noradrenaline. Heart rate responses to mental stress varied widely, with increases ranging from 1 to 48 (mean ± sd 13.5 ± 10.6) beats/min for the cognitive task and from 2 to 49 (20.4 ± 14.0) beats/min for the electronic game. Systolic blood pressure responses also varied widely and showed significant positive correlations with heart rate responses. 3. Significant relationships were found between heart rate responses to both forms of mental stress and cardiac sensitivity to isoprenaline, subjects with low responsiveness to β-adrenoceptor stimulation tending to have smaller heart rate responses to mental stress than subjects with high responsiveness to β-adrenoceptor stimulation. Relationships were also found between plasma adrenaline responses and heart rate responses to mental stress, although these did not reach significance. Considerably improved relationships were found when heart rate responses were correlated with a single variable generated from the product of the adrenaline response and the inverse of the dose of isoprenaline required to raise heart rate by 25 beats/min. 4. It is concluded that wide variation is shown between different individuals in responsiveness to β-adrenoceptor stimulation and that this is an important factor in the variability between individuals in heart rate and systolic blood pressure responses to mental stress. Both catecholamines and adrenoceptor-mediated responses to catecholamines should be examined when determining the physiological basis for differences in cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress between individuals or groups.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document