Plasma-volume contraction and exercise-induced hypoxaemia modulate erythropoietin production in healthy humans

1999 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ROBERTS ◽  
D. J. SMITH ◽  
S. DONNELLY ◽  
S. SIMARD
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Volume Contraction ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Response To Exercise

This study examined exercise-induced hypoxaemia (EIH) and plasma volume contraction as modulators of serum erythropoietin (Epo) production. Five athletes cycled for 3 min at supra-maximal power outputs, at each of two different elevations (1000 m and 2100 m). Five subjects were exposed to normobaric hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.159), seven subjects underwent plasmapheresis to reduce plasma volume and eight subjects were time controls for Epo levels. Oxyhaemoglobin saturation was significantly reduced during exercise and during normobaric hypoxia. The time period of haemoglobin oxygen saturation < 91% was 24±29 s (mean±S.D., n = 5) for exercise at 1000 m, 136±77 s (mean±S.D., n = 5) for exercise at 2100 m and 178±255 s (mean±S.D., n = 5) with resting hypoxic exposure. However, significantly increased serum Epo levels were observed only following exercise (24±3%; mean±S.D., n = 5 at 1000 m and 36±5%; mean±S.D., n = 5 at 2100 m). Volume contraction also resulted in increased serum Epo (35±6%; mean±S.D., n = 7) in spite of a significant rise in haematocrit of 2.2%. Despite similar degrees of arterial desaturation, only the hypoxaemia induced by exercise was associated with an increase in serum Epo. This finding indicates that other factors, in addition to hypoxaemia, are important in modulating the production of Epo in response to exercise. Volume depletion in the absence of exercise resulted in increases in Epo levels that were comparable with those observed in response to exercise. The paradoxical responses of the increased haematocrit and the increase in Epo in subjects undergoing plasmapheresis suggests that plasma volume may also modulate the production of Epo.

Plasma-volume contraction and exercise-induced hypoxaemia modulate erythropoietin production in healthy humans

2000 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ROBERTS ◽  
D. J. SMITH ◽  
S. DONNELLY ◽  
S. SIMARD
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Contraction ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Erythropoietin Production ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals Overnight hypoxic exposure and glucagon-like peptide-1 and leptin levels in humans

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Snyder ◽  
Richard D. Carr ◽  
Carolyn F. Deacon ◽  
Bruce D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Endocrine Factors ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Fraction Of Inspired Oxygen ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Inspired Oxygen

Altitude exposure has been associated with loss of appetite and weight loss in healthy humans; however, the endocrine factors that contribute to these changes remain unclear. Leptin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are peptide hormones that contribute to the regulation of appetite. Leptin increases with hypoxia; however, the influence of hypoxia on GLP-1 has not been studied in animals or humans to date. We sought to determine the influence of normobaric hypoxia on plasma leptin and GLP-1 levels in 25 healthy humans. Subjects ingested a control meal during normoxia and after 17 h of exposure to normobaric hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen of 12.5%, simulating approximately 4100 m). Plasma leptin was assessed before the meal, and GLP-1 was assessed premeal, at 20 min postmeal, and at 40 min postmeal. We found that hypoxia caused a significant elevation in plasma leptin levels (normoxia, 4.9 ± 0.8 pg·mL–1; hypoxia, 7.7 ± 1.5 pg·mL–1; p < 0.05; range, –16% to 190%), no change in the average GLP-1 response to hypoxia, and only a small trend toward an increase in GLP-1 levels 40 min postmeal (fasting, 15.7 ± 0.9 vs 15.9 ± 0.7 pmol·L–1; 20 min postmeal, 21.7 ± 0.9 vs 21.8 ± 1.2 pmol·L–1; 40 min postmeal, 19.5 ± 1.2 vs. 21.0 ± 1.2 pmol·L–1 for normoxia and hypoxia, respectively; p > 0.05 normoxia vs hypoxia). There was a correlation between SaO2 and leptin after the 17 h exposure (r = 0.45; p < 0.05), but no relation between SaO2 and GLP-1. These data confirm that leptin increases with hypoxic exposure in humans. Further study is needed to determine the influence of hypoxia and altitude on GLP-1 levels.

Plasma volume contraction reduces atrial natriuretic peptide after four days of hypobaric hypoxia exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Gatterer ◽  
Simon Rauch ◽  
Ivo B Regli ◽  
Simon Woyke ◽  
Maja Schlittler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Fluid Infusion ◽  
Volume Contraction ◽  
Atrial Area ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

We investigated whether low arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) or hypoxia-induced plasma volume (PV) contraction, which reduces central blood volume (BV) and atrial distension, explain reduction in circulating atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) after prolonged hypoxic exposure. Ten healthy males were exposed for four days to hypobaric hypoxia corresponding to an altitude of 3,500m. PV changes were determined by carbon monoxide rebreathing. Venous plasma concentrations of mid-regional proANP (MR-ProANP) were measured before and at the end of the exposure. At the latter time-point the measurement was repeated after i. restoration of PaO2 by breathing a hyperoxic gas mixture for 30min and ii. restoration of BV by fluid infusion. Correspondingly, left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left atrial area (LAA) and right atrial area (RAA) were determined by ultrasound before exposure, and both pre and post fluid infusion at the end of the exposure. Hypoxic exposure reduced MR-ProANP from 37.9±18.5 to 24.5±10.3 pmol/l (p=0.034), LVEDV from 107.4±33.5 to 91.6±26.3 ml (p=0.005), LAA from 15.8±4.9 to 13.3±4.2 cm² (p=0.007) and RAA from 16.2±3.1 to 14.3±3.5 cm² (p=0.001). Hyperoxic breathing did not affect MR-ProANP (24.8±12.3 pmol/l, p=0.890). Conversely, fluid infusion restored LVEDV, LAA and RAA to near baseline values (108.0±29.3 ml, 17.2±5.7 cm² and 17.2±3.1 cm², p>0.05 vs. baseline) and increased MR-ProANP to 29.5±13.3 pmol/l (p=0.010 vs. pre-infusion and p=0.182 vs. baseline). These findings support that ANP reduction in hypoxia is at least partially attributed to plasma volume contraction, whereas reduced PaO2 does not seem to contribute.

scholarly journals UCC118 supplementation reduces exercise‐induced gastrointestinal permeability and remodels the gut microbiome in healthy humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Axelrod ◽  
Connery J. Brennan ◽  
Gail Cresci ◽  
Deborah Paul ◽  
Michaela Hull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Gastrointestinal Permeability

scholarly journals How N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation Affects Redox Regulation, Especially at Mitohormesis and Sarcohormesis Level: Current Perspective

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Aslı Devrim-Lanpir ◽  
Lee Hill ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

Exercise frequently alters the metabolic processes of oxidative metabolism in athletes, including exposure to extreme reactive oxygen species impairing exercise performance. Therefore, both researchers and athletes have been consistently investigating the possible strategies to improve metabolic adaptations to exercise-induced oxidative stress. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been applied as a therapeutic agent in treating many diseases in humans due to its precursory role in the production of hepatic glutathione, a natural antioxidant. Several studies have investigated NAC’s possible therapeutic role in oxidative metabolism and adaptive response to exercise in the athletic population. However, still conflicting questions regarding NAC supplementation need to be clarified. This narrative review aims to re-evaluate the metabolic effects of NAC on exercise-induced oxidative stress and adaptive response developed by athletes against the exercise, especially mitohormetic and sarcohormetic response.

scholarly journals Exercise-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling in skeletal muscle

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Chau Long ◽  
Ulrika Widegren ◽  
Juleen R. Zierath
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Mapk Cascades ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Mapk Signalling ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

Exercise training improves glucose homeostasis through enhanced insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. Muscle contraction through physical exercise is a physiological stimulus that elicits multiple biochemical and biophysical responses and therefore requires an appropriate control network. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways constitute a network of phosphorylation cascades that link cellular stress to changes in transcriptional activity. MAPK cascades are divided into four major subfamilies, including extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, p38 MAPK, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5. The present review will present the current understanding of parallel MAPK signalling in human skeletal muscle in response to exercise and muscle contraction, with an emphasis on identifying potential signalling mechanisms responsible for changes in gene expression.

scholarly journals Endurance training reduces the contraction-induced interleukin-6 mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (6) ◽  
pp. E1189-E1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian P. Fischer ◽  
Peter Plomgaard ◽  
Anne K. Hansen ◽  
Henriette Pilegaard ◽  
Bengt Saltin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Resting Muscle

Contracting skeletal muscle expresses large amounts of IL-6. Because 1) IL-6 mRNA expression in contracting skeletal muscle is enhanced by low muscle glycogen content, and 2) IL-6 increases lipolysis and oxidation of fatty acids, we hypothesized that regular exercise training, associated with increased levels of resting muscle glycogen and enhanced capacity to oxidize fatty acids, would lead to a less-pronounced increase of skeletal muscle IL-6 mRNA in response to acute exercise. Thus, before and after 10 wk of knee extensor endurance training, skeletal muscle IL-6 mRNA expression was determined in young healthy men ( n = 7) in response to 3 h of dynamic knee extensor exercise, using the same relative workload. Maximal power output, time to exhaustion during submaximal exercise, resting muscle glycogen content, and citrate synthase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase enzyme activity were all significantly enhanced by training. IL-6 mRNA expression in resting skeletal muscle did not change in response to training. However, although absolute workload during acute exercise was 44% higher ( P < 0.05) after the training period, skeletal muscle IL-6 mRNA content increased 76-fold ( P < 0.05) in response to exercise before the training period, but only 8-fold ( P < 0.05, relative to rest and pretraining) in response to exercise after training. Furthermore, the exercise-induced increase of plasma IL-6 ( P < 0.05, pre- and posttraining) was not higher after training despite higher absolute work intensity. In conclusion, the magnitude of the exercise-induced IL-6 mRNA expression in contracting human skeletal muscle was markedly reduced by 10 wk of training.

scholarly journals Aortic Function’s Adaptation in Response to Exercise-Induced Stress Assessing by 1.5T MRI: A Pilot Study in Healthy Volunteers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e0157704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Bal-Theoleyre ◽  
Alain Lalande ◽  
Frank Kober ◽  
Roch Giorgi ◽  
Frederic Collart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

scholarly journals Myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle disease) in a patient with normal pregnancy and normal pregnancy outcome

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warwick Giles ◽  
Catherine Maher
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Mcardle Disease ◽  
Exercise Induced

McArdle disease is a rare, mostly autosomal recessive disorder of deficient myophosphorylation of glycogen in skeletal muscles. Recent knowledge regarding this condition means that women of childbearing age with McArdle disease can expect to labour normally without ill effect. We report a case of a 30-year-old woman in her first pregnancy who had an episode of exercise-induced myoglobinuria with a significant rise in serum creatine kinase (CK) levels in early pregnancy who then laboured normally but did require a caesarean section for a malposition of the fetal head.

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