Association of Low Serum l-Carnitine Levels with Peripheral Arterial Stiffness in Patients Who Undergo Kidney Transplantation

l-carnitine is an important co-factor in fatty-acid metabolism, and its deficiency is associated with insulin resistance, which is independently associated with arterial stiffness. This study evaluated the relationship between serum l-carnitine level and peripheral arterial stiffness (PAS) in kidney transplantation (KT). Fasting blood samples were collected from 65 patients who underwent KT. We measured the brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity, and 36 patients (55.4%) had PAS. Patients with PAS had a significantly higher percentage of diabetes (p = 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.033), and metabolic syndrome (p = 0.044); higher waist circumference (p = 0.010), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.002), serum triglyceride level (p = 0.040), insulin level (p = 0.002), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (p = 0.002); lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.036) and serum l-carnitine levels (p < 0.001); older age (p = 0.041); and a longer KT duration (p = 0.025) than those without PAS. Statistical analysis revealed an independent association between PAS in KT and KT duration (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.003–1.054, p = 0.029) and serum l-carnitine levels (95% CI: 0.842–0.998, p = 0.044). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the diagnostic power of l-carnitine to predict PAS was 0.789 (95% CI: 0.670–0.881, p < 0.001). Serum-free l-carnitine level is negatively associated with PAS in patients who undergo KT.

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Influences of Recreational Tennis-Playing Exercise Time on Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Healthy Elderly: The ExAMIN AGE Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18031255 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1255

Author(s):

Hsiao-Han Chao ◽

Yi-Hung Liao ◽

Chun-Chung Chou

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Ankle Brachial Index ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Activity Level ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

Metabolic Biomarkers

Background: Aging and chronic degeneration are the primary threats to cardiometabolic health in elderly populations. Regular appropriate exercise would benefit the advanced aging population. Purpose: This study investigates whether the degree of weekly tennis participation exhibits differences in primary cardiometabolic parameters, including arterial stiffness, inflammation, and metabolic biomarkers in elderly tennis players. Methods: One hundred thirty-five long-term participants in elder tennis (>50 years old) were initially screened. Twenty-six eligible and voluntary subjects were divided into high tennis time group (HT) (14 ± 1.3 h/week) and low tennis time group (LT) (4.5 ± 0.7 h/week) by stratification analysis based on the amount of tennis playing activity time. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), blood pressure, ankle-brachial index (ABI), blood metabolic biomarkers, and insulin resistance were measured to compare the difference between HT and LT groups. Results: The baPWV was significantly lower in the HT group than that in the LT group (1283.92 ± 37.01 vs. 1403.69 ± 53.71 cm/s, p < 0.05). We also found that the HT insulin-resistant homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was significantly lower than that of LT (1.41 ± 0.11 vs. 2.27 ± 0.48 μIU/mL, p < 0.05). However, the blood lipid biomarkers (glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride) were not statistical different between HT and LT groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated that under the condition of similar daily physical activity level, elderly with a higher time of tennis-playing (HT group) exhibited relatively lower arterial stiffness (lower PWV) and lower insulin resistance compared to those with lower time tennis-playing (LT).

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Anthropometric parameters as indicators of metabolic derangements in schizophrenia patients stabilized on olanzapine in an Indian rural population

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ◽

10.4103/0976-3147.102605 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 03 (03) ◽

pp. 277-282

Author(s):

Jayanta Kumar Rout ◽

Anindya Dasgupta ◽

Om Prakash Singh ◽

Ushasi Banerjee ◽

Brahmarshi Das

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Mass ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Serum Triglyceride Level ◽

Early Assessment ◽

Anthropometric Parameter ◽

Study Results

ABSTRACT Context: For any given body mass, Asian Indians have higher central obesity than Europeans. A periodic measurement of body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) is practically more feasible than other parameters of metabolic syndrome by repeated blood collection. However, few studies are available on the relative importance of BMI and WHR as markers of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in schizophrenia patients stabilized on second generation antipsychotics in Indian population. Aim: We conducted the present study on such patients to examine whether BMI or WHR can better predict dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in these patients in a rural area. Settings and Design: The study was a hospital based case control study under rural settings on 38 schizophrenia patients stabilized on olanzapine and 30 matched controls. Materials and Methods: Fasting concentrations of blood glucose, lipid parameters and serum insulin were assessed. Data for Homeostatic model for assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR), BMI, and WHR were obtained to assess the insulin resistance, overall body fat distribution and abdominal fat dispensation respectively. Statistical analysis used: ‘t’ test was performed to assay any difference in corresponding mean values between cases and controls. Dependence of HOMA-IR on key parameters was assessed by analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) study. Results: Cases exhibited significantly higher values for HOMA-IR, serum triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) with a significantly lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) level. ANCOVA study reflected that irrespective of age and sex, HOMA-IR was dependent on serum triglyceride level and WHR (F=8.3 and 5.7 respectively, P<0.05), but not on BMI (F<0.001, P=0.997). Conclusions: Central obesity could be more closely associated with the pathogenesis of prediabetic state in our case group. So, WHR is a better anthropometric parameter than BMI for an early assessment of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in schizophrenia patients stabilized on olanzapine in our region.

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The TG/HDL-C Ratio Might Be a Surrogate for Insulin Resistance in Chinese Nonobese Women

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2014/105168 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jiyun He ◽

Sen He ◽

Kai Liu ◽

Yong Wang ◽

Di Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Discriminatory Power ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Women ◽

Cholesterol Ratio ◽

Obesity Index ◽

History Of

Obejective. To examine the discriminatory power of triglyceride (TG) and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) for insulin resistance (IR) in a normoglycaemic Chinese population.Methods. The data were collected from 711 individuals. The normoglycaemic individuals were eventually included in the study (n= 533, age: 62.8 ± 6.6 years, male: 56.8%), who were with a fasting plasma glucose < 6.1 mmol/L and without a history of diabetes. IR was defined as the upper quintile (≥1.6) of homeostasis model assessment of IR. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AROC) was used to examine the discriminatory power.Results. The discriminatory power of TG/HDL-C for IR was acceptable in women with a BMI < 24 kg/m2or waist circumference < 80 cm (AROCs: 0.718 and 0.713, resp.); however, the discriminatory power was not acceptable in the obese women. TG/HDL-C was not an acceptable marker of IR in men. The discriminatory power of TG for IR was not acceptable in both men and women.Conclusions. The discriminatory power of TG/HDL-C for IR differs by gender and obesity index in the normoglycaemic Chinese population, and TG/HDL-C could discriminate IR in the nonobese and normoglycaemic women.

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Sex differences in associations between insulin resistance, heart rate variability, and arterial stiffness in healthy women and men: a physiology study

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2016-0122 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 349-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Luke Anthony Rannelli ◽

Jennifer M. MacRae ◽

Michelle C. Mann ◽

Sharanya Ramesh ◽

Brenda R. Hemmelgarn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Spectral Power ◽

Applanation Tonometry ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Healthy Women

Diabetes confers greater cardiovascular risk to women than to men. Whether insulin-resistance-mediated risk extends to the healthy population is unknown. Measures of insulin resistance (fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment, hemoglobin A1c, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, glucose) were determined in 48 (56% female) healthy subjects. Heart rate variability (HRV) was calculated by spectral power analysis and arterial stiffness was determined using noninvasive applanation tonometry. Both were measured at baseline and in response to angiotensin II infusion. In women, there was a non-statistically significant trend towards increasing insulin resistance being associated with an overall unfavourable HRV response and increased arterial stiffness to the stressor, while men demonstrated the opposite response. Significant differences in the associations between insulin resistance and cardiovascular physiological profile exist between healthy women and men. Further studies investigating the sex differences in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in cardiovascular disease are warranted.

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Complement Factor C3 Methylation and mRNA Expression Is Associated to BMI and Insulin Resistance in Obesity

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes9080410 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 410 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Daniel Castellano-Castillo ◽

Isabel Moreno-Indias ◽

Jose Carlos Fernandez-Garcia ◽

Mercedes Clemente-Postigo ◽

Manuel Castro-Cabezas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Messenger Rna ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Complement Factor ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Obese Class

Epigenetic marks, and especially DNA methylation, are becoming an important factor in obesity, which could help to explain its etiology and associated comorbidities. Adipose tissue, now considered as an important endocrine organ, produces complement system factors. Complement component 3 (C3) turns out to be an important protein in metabolic disorders, via either inflammation or the C3 subproduct acylation stimulating protein (ASP) which directly stimulates lipid storage. In this study, we analyze C3 DNA methylation in adipose tissue from subjects with a different grade of obesity. Adipose tissue samples were collected from subjects with a different degree of obesity determined by their body mass index (BMI) as: Overweight subjects (BMI ≥ 25 and <30), obese class 1/2 subjects (BMI ≥ 30 and <40) and obese class 3 subjects (BMI ≥ 40). C3 DNA methylation was measured for 7 CpGs by pyrosequencition using the Pyromark technology (Qiagen, Madrid Spain). C3 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were analyzed by pre-designed Taqman assays (Applied biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) and ASP/C3a was measured using a ELISA kit. The data were analyzed using the statistic package SPSS. C3 DNA methylation levels were lower in the morbid obese group. Accordingly, C3 methylation correlated negatively with BMI and leptin. However, C3 mRNA levels were more associated with insulin resistance, and positive correlations with insulin, glucose and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) existed. ASP correlated negatively with high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. C3 methylation levels were associated to adiposity variables, such as BMI and leptin, while the C3 mRNA levels were associated to glucose metabolism.

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Endotrophin as a novel marker in PCOS and its relation with other adipokines and metabolic parameters: a pilot study

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1177/20420188211049607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 204201882110496

Author(s):

Gurhan Guney ◽

Mine Islimye Taskin ◽

Ozgur Baykan ◽

Ertan Adali ◽

Selin Gul Tezcan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is known to be the most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age. Current evidence shows that regulatory proteins secreted from the adipose tissue called adipokines may have a role in polycystic ovary syndrome. We planned to investigate the role of endotrophin that has never been researched in polycystic ovary syndrome before and its correlation with other metabolic parameters and adipokines such as adiponectin and ghrelin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: Forty-three women ( n: 43) with polycystic ovary syndrome and 43 ( n: 43) women as a control group were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Serum levels of endotrophin, adiponectin, and ghrelin levels were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol levels, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, total testosterone, and triglyceride levels were measured. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index, body mass index, Ferriman Gallwey Score, and waist-to-hip ratio were also evaluated. Results: Total testosterone, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, and triglyceride levels were higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome ( p < 0.01). No difference was detected between the groups in terms of body mass index, Ferriman Gallwey Score, waist-to-hip ratio, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein levels ( p > 0.05). We did not observe any significant difference in adiponectin and ghrelin levels between the groups ( p > 0.05). Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome had significantly higher endotrophin levels ( p < 0.01). According to our regression analyses [area under the curve: 0.973 (0.935–1.000), 95% confidence interval, 95.2% sensitivity, and 100% specificity], it was shown that endotrophin greater than 92 ng/ml and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance greater than 2.5 might be good predictors for polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis. Conclusion: We demonstrated that endotrophin level is higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and may have predicted polycystic ovary syndrome with increased homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index. There was no significant difference in adiponectin and ghrelin levels in the polycystic ovary syndrome group. Endotrophin may have a role in polycystic ovary syndrome etiology rather than other adipokines.

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Plasma Carboxy-Terminal Provasopressin (Copeptin): A Novel Marker of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2008-2278 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 94 (7) ◽

pp. 2558-2564 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Umer Saleem ◽

Mahyar Khaleghi ◽

Nils G. Morgenthaler ◽

Andreas Bergmann ◽

Joachim Struck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Bottom Quartile ◽

Novel Biomarkers ◽

Carboxy Terminal

Context: Stress-mediated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, regulated by arginine vasopressin (AVP), may have a role in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate whether plasma C-terminal provasopressin fragment (copeptin), a surrogate for circulating AVP, was associated with measures of insulin resistance and presence of MetSyn. Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a multicenter, community-based study, investigating novel biomarkers for vascular disease. Participants included 1293 African-Americans (AA) (64 ± 9 yr) and 1197 non-Hispanic whites (NHW) (59 ± 10 yr) belonging to hypertensive sibships. Main Outcome Measures: Plasma copeptin levels were measured by an immunoluminometric assay. MetSyn was defined per Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess whether plasma copeptin was associated with measures of insulin resistance and MetSyn. Results: The prevalence of MetSyn was 50% in AA and 49% in NHW. In each group, after adjustment for age and sex, plasma copeptin levels significantly correlated with body mass index, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, triglycerides, and (inversely) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05 for each variable). In multivariable logistic regression models that adjusted for age, sex, smoking, statin use, serum creatinine, education, physical activity, and diuretic use, plasma copeptin levels in the highest quartile were associated with an increased odds ratio of having MetSyn compared with bottom quartile: odds ratio (95% confidence interval) in AA, 2.07 (1.45–2.95); in NHW, 1.74 (1.21–2.5). Conclusions: Our findings indicate a novel cross-sectional association between plasma copeptin and measures of insulin resistance and MetSyn.

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Dietary Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids Are Associated with Higher Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity in Northern Chinese Adults, an Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000490194 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 44-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yan-chuan Li ◽

Yu-zheng Li ◽

Rui Li ◽

Li Lan ◽

Chun-long Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sulfur Containing

Background/aims: Elevation of plasma sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs) is generally associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and unfavorable lipid profiles. It is not known how dietary SAAs relate to these associations in humans. Methods: A convenient tool named internet-based dietary questionnaire for Chinese (IDQC) was used to estimate dietary SAAs intake. A total of 936 participants were randomly recruited and asked to complete the IDQC. Furthermore, 90 subjects were randomly selected to perform a subgroup study. The associations between dietary SAAs and prevalence of obesity, lipid profiles, and status of insulin resistance (IR), inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed. Results: Dietary total SAAs and cysteine of overweight/obese participants were significantly higher. Dietary total SAAs and cysteine were positively associated with BMI and waist circumference. Higher dietary total SAAs were associated with higher prevalence of overweight/obesity. Higher dietary total SAAs and cysteine also associated with higher serum triglyceride (total cholesterol), low density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose, 2 h-postprandial glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of IR. In the subgroup study, positive associations between dietary SAAs and inflammation biomarkers were also observed. Conclusions: Dietary SAAs are associated with higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, unfavorable lipid profiles and status of IR, and inflammation.

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Parental PM2.5 Exposure-Promoted Development of Metabolic Syndrome in Offspring Is Associated With the Changes of Immune Microenvironment

Toxicological Sciences ◽

10.1093/toxsci/kfz109 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 170 (2) ◽

pp. 415-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jia Zhang ◽

Xuejiao Zeng ◽

Xihao Du ◽

Kun Pan ◽

Liying Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Immune Microenvironment ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Mice ◽

Parental Exposure ◽

Pm2.5 Exposure

Abstract Parental exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with some of adverse health outcomes in offspring. The association between parental PM2.5 exposure and the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in offspring, and the effects of parental PM2.5 exposure on the susceptibility of offspring mice to PM2.5, has not been evaluated. The C57BL/6 parental mice (male and female mice) were exposed to filtered air (FA) or concentrated PM2.5 (PM) using Shanghai-METAS for a total of 16 weeks. At week 12 during the exposure, we allowed the parental male and female mice to breed offspring mice. The male offspring mice were divided into 4 groups and exposed to PM and FA again. The results showed that whether the parental mice were exposed to PM2.5 or not, the offspring mice exposure to PM2.5 appeared the elevation of blood pressure, insulin resistance, impairment of glucose tolerance, and dyslipidemia when compared to the offspring mice exposure to FA. More importantly, no matter what the offspring mice were exposed to, parental PM exposure overwhelmingly impacted the fasting blood insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, serous low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol, splenic T helper cell 17 (Th17) and Treg cells, serous interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-6, and IL-10 in offspring mice. The results suggested that the parental exposure to air pollution might induce the development of MetS in offspring and might enhance the susceptibility of offspring to environmental hazards. The effects of parental PM exposure on offspring might be related to the changes of immune microenvironment.

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