Impact of chocolate liquor on vascular lesions in apoE-knockout mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (20) ◽  
pp. 2549-2560
Author(s):  
Narges Yazdekhasti ◽  
Corinna Brandsch ◽  
Frank Hirche ◽  
Julia Kühn ◽  
Anke Schloesser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Vascular Lesion ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Lesion Development ◽  
Chocolate Liquor ◽  
Apoe Knockout Mice ◽  
The Impact

Cocoa polyphenols are thought to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, cocoa-containing foods may have significant health benefits. Here, we studied the impact of chocolate liquor on vascular lesion development and plaque composition in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein E (apoE)-knockout mice were assigned to two groups and fed a Western diet that contained 250 g/kg of either chocolate liquor or a polyphenol-free isoenergetic control paste for 16 weeks. In addition to fat, protein, and fibers, the chocolate liquor contained 2 g/kg of polyphenols. Compared with the control group, mice fed the chocolate liquor had larger plaque areas in the descending aorta and aortic root, which were attributed to a higher mass of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and collagen. Vascular lipid deposits and calcification areas did not differ between the two groups. The aortic tissue level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA was 5-fold higher in the mice fed chocolate liquor than in the control mice. Chocolate-fed mice exhibited an increased hepatic saturated to polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio than the controls. Although the chocolate liquor contained 14 µg/kg of vitamin D2, the chocolate liquor-fed mice did not have measurable 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 in the serum. These mice even showed a 25% reduction in the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 compared with the control mice. Overall, present data may contribute to our understanding how chocolate constituents can impact vascular lesion development.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Luteolin and Luteolin-7-O-Glucoside on anti-Atherogenesis in ApoE Knockout Mice with Hyperhomocysteinemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon-A. Son ◽  
Chung-Mu Park ◽  
Youngsun Song
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Antioxidative Enzymes ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apoe Knockout Mice ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractLuteolin is a naturally occurring flavone that reportedly has anti-inflammatory effect. Flavones in plants are usually present in the form of glucosides, although occasionally they are found as aglycones. The bioavailability of flavones may differ when consumed as either aglycones or glucosides. Nonetheless, numerous studies focused on the biological activity of flavonoid aglycones or that in vitro. These findings are supporting reason to compare the anti-atherogenic effect of aglycone and glucoside forms of flavones in vivo. Male ApoE knockout mice (n = 28, 6-week-old) were divided randomly into 4 groups of 7 mice: negative control group, homocysteine control group, luteolin and luteolin7-O-glucoside groups with homocysteine. All animals were fed by a high-fat diet, modified by AIN-93, containing 0.5% of cholesterol and 45% of fat. Luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glycoside were given daily by gavage for 5 weeks (50 mg/kg BW, respectively). To induce hyperhomocysteinemia, homocysteine was provided as a drinking water (0.9g/L). Administration of homocysteine did not affect body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency ratio among groups. Homocysteine feeding sharply increased serum concentrations of homocysteine and triglyceride as well as adhesion molecules including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, which were attenuated by the administration of luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside (p < 0.05). Homocysteine administration produced development of atherosclerotic process by the induction of hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 as well as aortic intercellular adhesion molecule expressions along with diminished expressions of antioxidative enzymes, such as hepatic glutathione reductase (GR), aortic GR and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05). Administration of both flavones down-regulated expressions of inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules as well as up-regulated expressions of antioxidative enzymes (p < 0.05). These data were in accordance with the histopathological observations which were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain and immunohistochemistry. In a comparison of both agents, luteolin more potently attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress than luteolin-7-O-glucoside. These results exhibit that luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glycoside ameliorated atherogenic processes through the regulation of inflammation and oxidative stress in ApoE knockout mice with hyperhomocysteinemia. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government of MOE (No 201704340001).

scholarly journals The impact of Valsartan on vascular endothelial cells in plaque with ApoE knockout mice

Heart ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 97 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A23-A24
Author(s):  
C. Song ◽  
Y. Hongbing ◽  
C. Shujuan ◽  
L. Shuzheng ◽  
C. Yundai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Apoe Knockout Mice ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Low-Cholesterol and High-Fat Diets Reduce Atherosclerotic Lesion Development in ApoE-Knockout Mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2368-2375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Calleja ◽  
Miguel A. París ◽  
Antoni Paul ◽  
Elisabet Vilella ◽  
Jorge Joven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Lesion Development ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Apoe Knockout Mice ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Low Cholesterol ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion Development

scholarly journals Relationship Between Polymorphism of Adiponectin Gene SNPS+276 and Coronary Heart Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. E337-E340
Author(s):  
Songsen Li ◽  
Xiaohua Niu ◽  
Guangjie Pan ◽  
Huili Chen
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Vascular Lesion ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adipoq Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: This study aims to investigate the relationship between polymorphism of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene SNPS+276 and the severity of coronary heart disease (CHD) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A total of 582 inpatients were enrolled and divided into Group CHD (342 cases) and the control group (CON, 240 cases), according to their angiographic results from June 2014 to April 2016 for the genotype (G/T) analysis of ADIPOQ SNPs+276 by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: Group CHD: GG 110 (32%), GT 205 (59%), and TT27 (8%); Group CON: GG 36 (15%), GT 161 (67%), and TT 43 (18%) (P < .05). The frequency of allele G in group CHD was 62.1% and 48.5% in group CON (P < .05). The frequencies of genotype GG, GT, and TT were 67 (33.3%), 107 (53.2%), and 27 (13.5%), respectively, in the group with single vascular lesion, and 64 (45.4%), 53 (37.6%), and 24 (17%), respectively, in the group with multiple vascular lesions. There was statistical significance between the two groups (P < .05). Conclusions: The 276G gene of adiponectin may be a susceptibility gene of CHD, and the genotype GG may be related to the severity of this disease.

scholarly journals The Impact of Pregnancy on Hemorrhagic Stroke in Young Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza C. Miller ◽  
Kathryn M. Sundheim ◽  
Joshua Z. Willey ◽  
Amelia K. Boehme ◽  
Dritan Agalliu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Vascular Lesion ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Cerebral Vasoconstriction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prior Stroke

Background: Pregnancy is a sex-specific risk factor for causing hemorrhagic stroke (HS) in young adults. Unique physiological characteristics during pregnancy may alter the relative risk for HS in pregnant/postpartum (PP) women compared to HS in other young women. We compared patient characteristics and HS subtypes between young non-pregnant and PP women. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all women 18–45 years old admitted to our center with HS from October 15, 2008 through March 31, 2015, and compared patient characteristics and stroke mechanisms using logistic regression. Results: Of the 130 young women with HS during the study period, 111 were non-PP women, and 19 PP women. PP women had lower proportions of vascular risk factors such as hypertension, prior stroke, and smoking, and a higher proportion of migraine (36.8 vs. 14.4%, p = 0.01). After adjusting for hypertension, smoking, migraine, prior stroke and prior myocardial infarction, PP women had lower odds of having an underlying vascular lesion (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04–0.44, p = 0.0009) and a higher proportion of the reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) as cause of their HS. Conclusions: Women with pregnancy-associated HS had fewer cerebrovascular risk factors, lower odds of having ­underlying vascular lesions, and higher proportion of ­migraine and RCVS compared with similar-aged non-­pregnant women. Pregnancy-associated HS appears to represent a unique pathophysiological process, requiring targeted study.

scholarly journals Characterizing the relationship between functional MRI–derived measures and clinical outcomes in patients with vascular lesions

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. E8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Gallagher ◽  
Veena A. Nair ◽  
Michael F. Regner ◽  
Brittany M. Young ◽  
Andrew Radtke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Mri ◽  
Vascular Lesion ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Relevant Parameter ◽  
Language Deficits ◽  
Lesion Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Object Functional MRI (fMRI) has proven to be an effective component of pretreatment planning in patients harboring a variety of different brain lesions. The authors have recently reported significant relationships concerning distances between brain tumor borders and areas of functional activation (lesion-to-activation distance; LAD) with regard to patient morbidity and mortality. This study further examines the relationship between LAD, focusing on a host of vascular lesions and pre- and posttreatment morbidity. Methods This study included a sample population of patients with vascular lesions (n = 106), primarily arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and cavernomas. These patients underwent pretreatment fMRI-based motor mapping (n = 72) or language mapping (n = 84). The impact of LAD and other variables derived from the patient medical record were analyzed with respect to functional deficits in terms of morbidity (weakness and/or aphasia). Results In patients with no pretreatment deficits, there was trend for a significant relationship between the Wernicke area LAD and posttreatment language deficits. In patients with or without pretreatment deficits, a trend toward significance was observed between sensorimotor LAD and posttreatment motor deficits. Additionally, lesion type (AVMs or cavernomas) affected posttreatment deficits, with more patients with cavernomas showing posttreatment language deficits than patients with AVMs. However, this difference was not observed for posttreatment motor deficits. Conclusions These findings suggest that the proximity of a vascular lesion to sensorimotor and language areas is a relevant parameter in estimating patient prognosis in the perioperative period. Additionally, vascular lesion type and existence of pretreatment deficits play a significant role in outcomes.

Information and Communication Technology and Cultural Change

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hansen ◽  
Tom Postmes ◽  
Nikita van der Vinne ◽  
Wendy van Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ict For Development ◽  
Practical Implications

This paper studies whether and how information and communication technology (ICT) changes self-construal and cultural values in a developing country. Ethiopian children were given laptops in the context of an ICT for development scheme. We compared children who used laptops (n = 69) with a control group without laptops (n = 76) and a second control group of children whose laptop had broken down (n = 24). Results confirmed that after 1 year of laptop usage, the children’s self-concept had become more independent and children endorsed individualist values more strongly. Interestingly, the impact of laptop usage on cultural values was mediated by self-construal (moderated mediation). Importantly, modernization did not “crowd out” traditional culture: ICT usage was not associated with a reduction in traditional expressions (interdependent self-construal, collectivist values). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

A Newspaper’s Effect on the Strength of Automatic Associations in Memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Foreign Nationality ◽  
The Impact

A test was done to see if reading a newspaper which consistently overrepresents foreigners as criminals strengthens the automatic association between foreign country and criminal in memory (i.e., implicit cultivation). Further, an investigation was done to find out if reading articles from the same newspaper produces a short-term effect on the same measure and if (1) emotionalization of the newspaper texts, (2) emotional reactions of the reader (indicated by arousal), and (3) attributed text credibility moderate the short-term treatment effect. Eighty-five participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Participants in the control group received short factual crime texts, where the nationality of the offender was not mentioned. Participants in the factual treatment group received the same texts, but the foreign nationality was mentioned. Participants in the emotionalized treatment group received emotionalized articles (i.e., texts which are high in vividness and frequency) covering the same crimes, with the foreign nationality mentioned. Supporting empirical evidence for implicit cultivation and a short-term effect was found. However, only emotionalized articles produced a short-term effect on the strength of the automatic association, indicating that newspaper texts must have a minimum of stimulus intensity to overcome an effect threshold. There were no moderating effects of arousal or credibility pertaining to the impact on the implicit measure. However, credibility moderated the short-term effect on a first-order judgment (i.e., estimated frequency of foreigners of all criminals). This indicates that a newspaper’s effect on the strength of automatic associations is relatively independent from processes of propositional reasoning.

Impact of an educative program on dialysis patients’ knowledge and mental health: controlled before and after program

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 20204
Author(s):  
Laetitia Idier ◽  
Aurélie Untas ◽  
Nicole Rascle ◽  
Michèle Koleck ◽  
Maider Aguirrezabal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Emotional Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction:Psychological impact of Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) for dialysis patients is rarely evaluated since the focus of many studies is on medical variables (i.e., adherence).Objectives:The aims of this study were: 1) to estimate the impact of a TPE program on knowledge, depression and anxiety, 2) to examine change in knowledge as a mediator of the effects of a TPE program on mental health.Method:This study was conducted in three hemodialysis units and comprised two groups: an experimental group with education and a control group with routine care. The program was based of 5 educative sessions. Knowledge, depressive and anxious symptoms were assessed with self-reported outcomes measured before and 3 months after the program.Results:The sample comprised 125 patients. Knowledge about vascular access and nutrition (p < 0.01) and depressive symptoms increased in the experimental group (p < 0.01). Analysis of mediation showed that changes in knowledge about vascular access were a significant mediator of the effects of the program on depressive symptoms (F = 4.90;p = 0.01).Discussion:Knowledge acquired during an educational program could lead to an emotional change. Improving knowledge often leads to an awareness of the risks that can modify the psychological state of patients by reminding them of their vulnerability. This study shows that it is required to be attentive to the way of transmitting knowledge. It’s necessary adapting this transmission to the needs of patients and promoting the acquisition of psychosocial competence too.Conclusion:This study shows that knowledge acquired during an educational program can lead to an emotional change in the short term. A long-term follow-up of the population should be interesting to observe these emotional effects.

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